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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Forskningsöversikt > Linköpings universitet

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1.
  • Bauhr, Monika, 1973, et al. (författare)
  • How Do International Organizations Promote Quality of Government? Contestation, Integration, and the Limits of IO Power
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: International Studies Review. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1521-9488 .- 1468-2486. ; 14:4, s. 541-566
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • How do international organizations (IOs) promote quality of government (QoG) and reduce corruption? IOs play a central role in most accounts of power in international relations. However, our understanding of how IOs exercise power seldom moves beyond the traditional materialnormative dimensions of power. We suggest that an important dimension to understand IO power is the contestationintegration dimension, where IOs can exercise power either by integrating countries into networks of cultural exchange or by contesting existing orders. By analyzing multilateral aid data and building on recent advances in our understanding of the effectiveness of IO anti-corruption work, we apply this framework to show how the contestationintegration dimension helps us understand the success or failure of anti-corruption strategies. We show that when IOs contest existing orders using governance rankings and aid conditionality, they suffer from ideational shortcomings, including lack of objective data and contested policy advice. In contrast, measures based on integration, such as the membership process of IOs or interaction with IOs, are more likely to suffer from internal procedural shortcomings, such as IOs failing to internalize and mainstream the norms that they seek to promote. Our findings have implications for both understanding conditions that limit the diffusion of the international anti-corruption agenda and advancing our knowledge of IO power and its limits.
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2.
  • Benson, Mikael, 1954 (författare)
  • Pathophysiological effects of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps: an update.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1528-4050 .- 1473-6322. ; 5:1, s. 31-5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The exact mechanisms by which glucocorticoids exert their beneficial effects on nasal polyps are not clearly defined. Nasal polyps, asthma and allergic rhinitis share common features such as mucosal infiltration with eosinophils and mast cells as well as local IgE production. The present review is an update on the pathophysiological mechanisms of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps described during the last 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS: The reduction of leukocyte numbers in nasal polyps following glucocorticoid treatment depends on several mechanisms, for example altered balance between the two isoforms of the human glucocorticoid receptors, GRalpha and GRbeta. Another explanation may be inhibition of CD4+ T by CD8+ T cells. Increased expression of the antiinflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta may contribute to this. A DNA microarray study which examined the expression of some 22 000 genes showed increased expression of several antiinflammatory genes in nasal polyps after treatment with glucocorticoids. The antiinflammatory gene that increased most was uteroglobin (also known as Clara cell protein 16) which is abundantly expressed in airway secretions and thought to have an important role in regulating inflammation. SUMMARY: Glucocorticoids affect both pro and antiinflammatory pathways in nasal polyps. Upregulation of antiinflammatory genes such as transforming growth factor beta and uteroglobin may play an important role. Elucidation of these mechanisms may help us to understand not only the effects of glucocorticoids on nasal polyps, but also on related disorders such as allergic rhinitis and asthma.
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3.
  • Bergfors, Elisabet, 1945, et al. (författare)
  • Patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate in petrolatum: A review and a recommendation
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : WILEY. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 81:2, s. 81-88
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: According to studies on adults, patch testing with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is insufficient to detect aluminium allergy, and a 10% preparation is recommended. Other studies suggest that a 2% preparation is sufficient for testing children. Objectives: To review three previously published Swedish studies on patch testing children with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. Patients/Methods: Altogether, 601 children with persistent itching subcutaneous nodules (granulomas) induced by aluminium-adsorbed vaccines were patch tested with aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. and metallic aluminium in (a) a pertussis vaccine trial, (b) clinical practice, and (ca) prospective study. Results: Overall, 459 children had positive reactions to the 2% pet. preparation. Another 10 reacted positively only to metallic aluminium. An extreme positive reaction (+++) was seen in 65% of children aged 1 to 2 years as compared with 22% of children aged 7 years. From 8 years onwards, extreme positive reactions were scarce. Conclusions: Aluminium chloride hexahydrate 2% pet. is sufficient to trace aluminium allergy in children. Small children are at risk of extreme reactions. We thus suggest that aluminium chloride hexahydrate 10% pet. should not be used routinely in children before the age of 7 to 8 years.
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4.
  • Björklund, Fredrik, et al. (författare)
  • Recent Work on Motivational Internalism
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Analysis. - Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0003-2638 .- 1467-8284. ; 72:1, s. 124-137
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Reviews recent work on motivational internalism.
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5.
  • Bokarewa, Maria, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Pathological survivin expression links viral infections with pathogenesis of erosive rheumatoid arthritis.
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of immunology. - : Wiley. - 0300-9475 .- 1365-3083. ; 66:2-3, s. 192-8
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory joint disease leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Insufficient apoptosis in the inflamed RA synovium along with accumulation of highly differentiated B- and T-lymphocytes as well as invasive growth of macrophages and fibroblasts is among the major mechanisms supporting joint destruction. We have recently shown that circulating survivin, an apoptosis inhibitor tightly bound to tumorigenesis, is an independent predictor of development and progression of joint destruction in RA. In this review we discuss the possible connectivity between viral infection, leading to interferon (IFN)-alpha production, survivin expression, and subsequent joint inflammation. The role of IFN-alpha and the involvement of IFN transcription factors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase signalling as essential modulators of arthritogenic process are discussed in the context of survivin.
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7.
  • Domi, Esi, et al. (författare)
  • Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Neurochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0022-3042 .- 1471-4159. ; 157:5, s. 1585-1614
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Alcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by an impaired ability to stop or control alcohol use despite adverse consequences. A main challenge of addiction treatment is to prevent relapse, which occurs in more than >50% of newly abstinent patients with alcohol disorder within 3 months. In people suffering from alcohol addiction, stressful events, drug-associated cues and contexts, or re-exposure to a small amount of alcohol trigger a chain of behaviors that frequently culminates in relapse. In this review, we first present the preclinical models that were developed for the study of alcohol seeking behavior, namely the reinstatement model of alcohol relapse and compulsive alcohol seeking under a chained schedule of reinforcement. We then provide an overview of the neurobiological findings obtained using these animal models, focusing on the role of opioids systems, corticotropin-release hormone and neurokinins, followed by dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmissions in alcohol seeking behavior.
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8.
  • Enerbäck, Charlotta (författare)
  • Soluble biomarkers in psoriasis
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: EJD. European journal of dermatology. - : John Libbey Eurotext. - 1167-1122 .- 1952-4013. ; 21:6, s. 844-850
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Psoriasis is a common, chronic, recurrent skin disorder, characterized by keratinocyte proliferation, T-cell activation and angiogenesis. The results of various clinical and experimental studies indicate that psoriasis is a complex, multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition. During the past few years, many studies related to psoriasis biomarkers have been conducted. Biomarkers can relate to diagnosis, pathogenesis, prognosis, or therapeutic response. They could provide insight into disease susceptibility and natural history. The identification of biomarkers related to co-morbidities in psoriasis, such as arthritis, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome, has attracted special interest. This review presents current knowledge of soluble biomarkers in psoriasis, including cytokines, chemokines, pro-angiogenic mediators, growth factors, antimicrobial proteins, neuropeptides and markers of oxidative stress.
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9.
  • Eriksson, Per, et al. (författare)
  • Successful Treatment of AA Amyloidosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Tocilizumab: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Medicine. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-858X. ; 8
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Historically, secondary amyloidosis has been a feared complication of chronic inflammatory conditions. The fibril protein AA derives from the acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA). Long-term elevation of SAA levels remains a major risk factor for the development of AA amyloidosis in rheumatic diseases, and the prognosis may be unpredictable. Nowadays, with increased availability of effective biological agents, the incidence of AA amyloidosis seems to be declining. Still, genetically predisposed subjects with slowly progressive disease and mild symptoms combined with ongoing systemic inflammation may be at risk. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the drivers of SAA release and effectiveness of the humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab (TCZ) for the treatment of AA amyloidosis has been observed in some rheumatic conditions. Herein, we report two male subjects with longstanding ankylosing spondylitis (AS) complicated by renal amyloidosis who received TCZ with rapid and beneficial effects regarding inflammation and proteinuria. To the best of our knowledge, the use of TCZ in AS patients with this extra-articular manifestation has not previously been described. The paper includes histopathology, clinical follow-up, and longitudinal data of the two cases along with a comprehensive review of relevant literature. Mechanisms behind amyloid-mediated tissue damage and organ dysfunction are discussed. Altogether, our data highlight that blocking IL-6 signaling may represent a promising therapeutic option in patients with renal AA amyloidosis.
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10.
  • Gutke, Annelie, et al. (författare)
  • Treatments for pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain: a systematic review of physiotherapy modalities
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 94:11, s. 1156-1167
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • ObjectiveTo explore the effect of physiotherapeutic interventions on pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. Material and methodsData sources: MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, CINAHL, AMED, and SCOPUS databases were searched up to December 2014 for studies written in English, French, German or Scandinavian languages that evaluated physiotherapeutic modalities for preventing and treating pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain. ResultsFor lumbopelvic pain during pregnancy, the evidence was strong for positive effects of acupuncture and pelvic belts. The evidence was low for exercise in general and for specific stabilizing exercises. The evidence was very limited for efficacy of water gymnastics, progressive muscle relaxation, a specific pelvic tilt exercise, osteopathic manual therapy, craniosacral therapy, electrotherapy and yoga. For postpartum lumbopelvic pain, the evidence was very limited for clinic-based treatment concepts, including specific stabilizing exercises, and for self-management interventions for women with severe disabilities. No specific adverse events were reported for any intervention. No meta-analysis could be performed because of study heterogeneity. ConclusionsThe levels of evidence were strong for a positive effect of acupuncture and pelvic belts, but weak for an effect of specific exercises. Caution should prevail in choosing other interventions for pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain.
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