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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Forskningsöversikt > Umeå universitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 26
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  • Andersson, Carola, et al. (författare)
  • Primary spinal intradural mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with detection of fusion gene HEY1-NCOA2 : a paediatric case report and review of the literature
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Oncology Letters. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1792-1074 .- 1792-1082. ; 8:4, s. 1608-1612
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an extremely rare malignant tumour that most commonly originates in the bone, but is also present in extraskeletal sites. The tumour is morphologically characterized by a biphasic pattern of small round cells and islands of cartilage. Spinal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are even rarer and, therefore, few investigations exist regarding the biological behaviour of the tumours. In the present study, we report a case of a 10-year-old female presenting with 9 months of back pain and radiographic findings of an intradural lesion measuring 1.5 cm at the level of Th4. The tumour was completely excised and subjected to pathological analyses. Following detection of the HEY1-NCOA2 fusion gene, the tumour was morphologically and immunohistochemically defined as an intradural mesenchymal chondrosarcoma attached to the dura mater. In this study, we validate the recent identification of the fusion gene HEY1-NCOA2 in paediatric extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcomas: The relevant literature is reviewed and further discussed in relation to our findings.
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  • Axelsson, Susanna, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of combined caries-preventive methods: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials.
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 62:3, s. 163-9
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of combined caries-preventive methods, defined as two or more different interventions in combination, each expected to prevent dental caries. The Medline database was searched for articles published in the period January 1966 to June 2003. Twenty-four controlled studies met the inclusion criteria, and their value as evidence was assessed according to predetermined criteria. The level of evidence for the overall conclusion regarding each method was graded according to the protocol of the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care. The scientific evidence for the combination of treatments involving fluoride that had a preventive effect on caries in children and adolescents was graded as moderate. However, for elderly patients the scientific evidence for the caries-preventive effect of different combinations of treatments was found to be incomplete. No conclusion could be drawn regarding the evidence for combinations of treatments being effective for groups at high caries risk, as the results from the identified clinical studies were conflicting.
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5.
  • Ekman, Nina, et al. (författare)
  • A state-of-the-art review of direct observation tools for assessing competency in person-centred care
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 109
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Direct observation is a common assessment strategy in health education and training, in which trainees are observed and assessed while undertaking authentic patient care and clinical activities. A variety of direct observation tools have been developed for assessing competency in delivering person-centred care (PCC), yet to our knowledge no review of such tools exists.OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate direct observation tools developed to assess health professionals' competency in delivering PCC.DESIGN: State-of-the-art review DATA SOURCES: Electronic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ERIC, CINAHL, and Web of Science for English-language articles describing the development and testing of direct observation tools for assessing PCC published until March 2017.REVIEW METHODS: Three authors independently assessed the records for eligibility. Duplicates were removed and articles were excluded that were irrelevant based on title and/or abstract. All remaining articles were read in full text. A data extraction form was developed to cover and extract information about the tools. The articles were examined for any conceptual or theoretical frameworks underlying tool development and coverage of recognized PCC dimensions was evaluated against a standard framework. The psychometric performance of the tools was obtained directly from the original articles.RESULT: 16 tools were identified: five assessed PCC holistically and 11 assessed PCC within specific skill domains. Conceptual/theoretical underpinnings of the tools were generally unclear. Coverage of PCC domains varied markedly between tools. Most tools reported assessments of inter-rater reliability, internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity; however, intra-rater reliability, content and construct validity were rarely reported. Predictive and discriminant validity were not assessed.CONCLUSION: Differences in scope, coverage and content of the tools likely reflect the complexity of PCC and lack of consensus in defining this concept. Although all may serve formative purposes, evidence supporting their use in summative evaluations is limited. Patients were not involved in the development of any tool, which seems intrinsically paradoxical given the aims of PCC. The tools may be useful for providing trainee feedback; however, rigorously tested and patient-derived tools are needed for high-stakes use.
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  • Erlandsson, Malin, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Survivin improves the early recognition of rheumatoid arthritis among patients with arthralgia : A population-based study within two university cities of Sweden
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism. - : Saunders Elsevier. - 0049-0172 .- 1532-866X. ; 47:6, s. 778-785
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate the use of survivin for preclinical recognition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among patients with unexplained arthralgia.Methods: Serum levels of survivin and the arthritis-specific autoantibodies RF and ACPA were measured in total of 5046 patients with musculoskeletal complains during 12 consecutive months in Gothenburg and in Umea. Among them, 303 arthralgia patients were identified and prospectively followed.Results: After 48 months, 12.2% of the arthralgia patients developed RA. Most of RA cases had high serum survivin, which increased the relative risk for RA (RR = 5.90,p = 3 x 10(-7)). Combination of survivin with autoantibodies was present in only 4.6% of the arthralgia patients and increased further the risk of RA and shortened time to RA development. Presence of any single autoantibody in the survivin-negative patients was associated with a minor risk for RA and had RA-free survival similar to the reference group.Conclusion: This study shows that measurement of survivin in serum improves estimation of RA risk and prospectively predicts RA development in patients with arthralgia. Survivin may indicate a phase preceding autoantibody production. 
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  • Hakvoort, Ilse, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • Research from 1996 to 2019 on approaches to address conflicts in schools : A bibliometric review of publication activity and research topics
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Peace Education. - : Routledge. - 1740-0201 .- 1740-021X. ; 19:2, s. 129-157
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The numbers of publications within the field of research on approaches to address conflicts in schools is rapidly growing, and it is now important to map influential theories, methods and topics that shape this research field. In addition, student teachers, teachers and teacher educators would benefit from it being easier to find research-based knowledge of how to address conflicts in schools. Therefore, a bibliometric study was carried out on 1126 publications that were published between 1996 and 2019 in this field. The study aimed at examining publication activity, geographic spread, and dominant research topics. The findings showed a positive trend in publication output from 2006 onwards. Research output was found to be dominated by the United States. However, the results also indicated an internationalization trend expressed in an increased geographic spread of publication output. Furthermore, six research topics were identified through cluster analyses and labelled ‘peace and value education’, ‘classroom management from coercive discipline to relationship building’, ‘constructive conflict resolution’, ‘classroom management programmes’, ‘restorative justices and restorative approaches’, and ‘classroom challenges for teachers’. Within each research topic, a distinct number of publications were found that defined the core research.
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8.
  • Hanson, Lars Åke, 1934, et al. (författare)
  • The mother's immune system is a balanced threat to the foetus, turning to protection of the neonate
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Acta paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 1651-2227 .- 0803-5253. ; 98:2, s. 221-8
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Immunological tolerance by the mother prevents rejection of the foetus, but aberrations may increase risk of abnormalities like spontaneous abortion, or foetal growth restriction. The neonate is normally colonized with mother's gut microflora, mainly composed of protective anaerobes. This least threatening form of microbial colonization of the neonate, is impaired by sectio delivery, but supported by breastfeeding. Mother's transplacental IgG, secretory IgA and other milk components help protect the neonate together with its own slowly expanding immune system. CONCLUSION: The mother's immune system tolerates her foetus via several mechanisms. Failure to do so may cause foetal growth retardation, or spontaneous abortion. The mother and the neonate cooperate in preventing infections in the offspring.
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9.
  • Haskell, Lucas, et al. (författare)
  • Social innovation related to ecological crises : A systematic literature review and a research agenda for strong sustainability
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 325
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • New technologies, market-based solutions, and regulation have proven inadequate in remedying today's human caused ecological crises. This suggests that detrimental social practices need to be fundamentally changed. While social innovation is one possible approach for such change, a comprehensive picture of research on social innovation in relation to ecological challenges is missing. Therefore, with an emphasis on so-called strong sustainability, this article's purpose was to investigate social innovation's potential in relation to ecological crises, to identify important gaps, and advance research implications. A systematic literature review of social innovation research that address environmental issues was carried out, and the resulting literature was analyzed according to sustainability and five dimensions of social innovation. To reap more of social innovation's potential in our time of ecological crises, we suggest a move in social innovation research towards strong sustainability and propose such research avenues within each of the five dimensions of social innovation: conceptualization, environmental needs and challenges, key resources, capabilities, and constraints, types of governance, networks and actors, and, finally, process dynamics for strongly sustainable social innovation.
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10.
  • Islander, Ulrika, 1975, et al. (författare)
  • Estrogens in rheumatoid arthritis; the immune system and bone
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-7207 .- 1872-8057. ; 335:1, s. 14-29
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that is more common in women than in men. The peak incidence in females coincides with menopause when the ovarian production of sex hormones drops markedly. RA is characterized by skeletal manifestations where production of pro-inflammatory mediators, connected to the inflammation in the joint, leads to bone loss. Animal studies have revealed distinct beneficial effects of estrogens on arthritis, and a positive effect of hormone replacement therapy has been reported in women with postmenopausal RA. This review will focus on the influence of female sex hormones in the pathogenesis and progression of RA.
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