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1.
  • Adenfelt, Maria, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The development and sharing of knowledge by Centres of Excellence and transnational teams : A conceptual framework
  • 2008
  • record:In_t: Management International Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-8249 .- 1861-8901. ; 48:3, s. 319-338
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • This paper develops a conceptual framework addressing the development and sharing of knowledge by Centres of Excellence and transnational teams, which are important organisational mechanisms used by headquarters to manage knowledge processes within multinational corporations. The inherent differences of Centres of Excellence and transnational teams are conceptualised in terms of pre-existing knowledge, practices, interaction and communication. The inherent differences in the organisational mechanisms influence the amount of subsidiary participation and what factors that facilitate and hamper knowledge development and sharing respectively.
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2.
  • Andersson, Hanna, 1979, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Solvent Effects on Nitrogen Chemical Shifts
  • 2015
  • record:In_t: Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy. - : Elsevier. - 0066-4103. - 9780128021231 ; 86, s. 73-210
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Due to significant developments in cryogenic probe technology and the easy access to inverse detection pulse programmes (HSQC, HMBC), the sensitivity of nitrogen NMR has lately vastly improved. As a consequence, nitrogen NMR has turned into a useful and commonly available tool for solution studies of molecular structure and properties for small organic compounds likewise biopolymers. The high sensitivity of the nitrogen lone pair to changes in the molecular environment, alterations in intra- and intermolecular interactions, and in molecular conformation along with its wide, up to 1200 ppm chemical shift dispersion make nitrogen NMR to an exceptionally sensitive reporter tool. The nitrogen chemical shift has been applied in various fields of chemistry, including for instance the studies of transition metal complexes, chemical reactions such as N-alkylation and N-oxidation, tautomerization, protonation–deprotonation equilibria, hydrogen and halogen bonding, and elucidation of molecular conformation and configuration. The 15N NMR data observed in the investigation of these molecular properties and processes is influenced by the medium it is acquired in. This influence may be due to direct coordination of solvent molecules to transition metal complexes, alteration of tautomerization equilibria, and solvent polarity induced electron density changes of conjugated systems, for example. Thus, the solvent may significantly alter the observed nitrogen NMR shifts. This review aims to provide an overview of solvent effects of practical importance, and discusses selected experimental reports from various subfields of chemistry.
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3.
  • Andersson, Leif, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Ecological adaptation in cod and herring and possible consequences of future climate change in the Baltic Sea
  • 2023
  • record:In_t: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-7745. ; 10
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The Atlantic herring and Atlantic cod are two marine fish species that have successfully adapted to the brackish Baltic Sea, and the former is able to spawn in near-freshwater conditions in the inner Gulf of Bothnia. Here, we review the state of current knowledge concerning ecological adaptation in the two species and make an attempt to predict how they will be able to cope with future climate change. Previous whole genome sequencing studies in Atlantic herring have revealed hundreds of genetic loci underlying ecological adaptation, including several loci that show very strong associations to variation in salinity and temperature. These results suggest the existence of standing genetic variation available for adaptation to a changing environment. However, although Atlantic herring probably has the genetic potential to adapt, its future status also depends on how climate change will affect plankton production and competing species, such as sprat and three-spined stickleback. In cod, the situation is challenging, as there is only one true Baltic population, spawning east of Bornholm and then dispersing towards the east and north. This Baltic cod population is threatened by overfishing, low oxygen levels in benthic waters and generally bad physiological condition of individual fish, in addition to being completely isolated from gene flow from nearby cod populations at the entrance of the Baltic Sea.
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4.
  • Archer, Trevor, 1949, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Functional consequences of iron overload in catecholaminergic interactions: the Youdim factor
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: Neurochemical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-3190 .- 1573-6903. ; 32:10, s. 1625-1639
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The influence of postnatal iron overload upon implications of the functional and interactive role of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways that contribute to the expressions of movement disorder and psychotic behaviours in mice was studied in a series of experiments. (1) Postnatal iron overload at doses of 7.5 mg/kg (administered on Days 10–12 post partum) and above, invariably induced a behavioural syndrome consisting of an initial (1st 20–40 min of a 60-min test session) hypoactivity followed by a later (final 20 min of a 60-min test session) hyperactivity, when the mice were tested at adult ages (age 60 days or more). (2) Following postnatal iron overload, subchronic treatment with the neuroleptic compounds, clozapine and haloperidol, dose-dependently reversed the initial hypoactivity and later hyperactivity induced by the metal. Furthermore, DA D2 receptor supersensitivity (as assessed using the apomorphine-induced behaviour test) was directly and positively correlated with iron concentrations in the basal ganglia. (3) Brain noradrenaline (NA) denervation, using the selective NA neurotoxin, DSP4, prior to administration of the selective DA neurotoxin, MPTP, exacerbated both the functional (hypokinesia) and neurochemical (DA depletion) effects of the latter neurotoxin. Treatment with L-Dopa restored motor activity only in the animals that had not undergone NA denervation. These findings suggest an essential neonatal iron overload, termed “the Youdim factor”, directing a DA–NA interactive component in co-morbid disorders of nigrostriatal-limbic brain regions.
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5.
  • Asztely, Fredrik, 1961, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The diagnosis and treatment of limbic encephalitis
  • 2012
  • record:In_t: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 126:6, s. 365-375
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The term limbic encephalitis (LE) was first introduced in 1968. While this disease was initially considered rare and is often fatal with very few treatment options, several reports published in the last decade provide a better description of this condition as well as possible causes and some cases of successful treatment. The clinical manifestation of LE is primarily defined by the subacute onset of short-term memory loss, seizures, confusion and psychiatric symptoms suggesting the involvement of the limbic system. In addition, EEG often shows focal or generalized slow wave or epileptiform activity, and MRI findings reveal hyperintense signals of the medial temporal lobes in T2-weighted or FLAIR images. The current literature suggests that LE is not a single disorder but is comprised of a group of autoimmune disorders predominantly affecting the limbic system. Before the diagnosis of LE can be determined, other causes of subacute encephalopathy must be excluded, especially those resulting from infectious aetiologies. LE has previously been regarded as a paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with the classical onconeuronal antibodies that are primarily directed against intracellular antigens. However, recent literature suggests that LE is also associated with antibodies that are directed against cell surface antigens, and these cases of LE display a much weaker association to the neoplasm. The treatment options for LE largely depend on the aetiology of the disease and involve the removal of the primary neoplasm. Therefore, a search for the underlying tumour is mandatory. In addition, immunotherapy has been successful in a significant number of patients where LE is not associated with cancer.
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6.
  • Beckmann, Kerri, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The Value of Real-World Data in Understanding Prostate Cancer Risk and Improving Clinical Care : Examples from Swedish Registries
  • 2021
  • record:In_t: Cancers. - : MDPI. - 2072-6694. ; 13:4
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Simple SummaryReal-world data (RWD), i.e., data reflecting normal clinical practice collected outside the constraints of randomised controlled trials, provide important insights into our understanding of prostate cancer and its management. Clinical cancer registries are an important source of RWD. Depending on their scope and the potential linkage to other data sources, registry-based data can be utilised to address a variety of questions including risk factors, healthcare utilisation, treatment effectiveness, adverse effects, disparities in healthcare access, quality of care and healthcare economics. This review describes the various registry-based RWD sources for prostate cancer research in Sweden (namely the National Prostate Cancer Register, the Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe) and the Patient-overview Prostate Cancer) and documents their utility for better understanding prostate cancer aetiology and improving clinical care.AbstractReal-world data (RWD), that is, data from sources other than controlled clinical trials, play an increasingly important role in medical research. The development of quality clinical registers, increasing access to administrative data sources, growing computing power and data linkage capacities have contributed to greater availability of RWD. Evidence derived from RWD increases our understanding of prostate cancer (PCa) aetiology, natural history and effective management. While randomised controlled trials offer the best level of evidence for establishing the efficacy of medical interventions and making causal inferences, studies using RWD offer complementary evidence about the effectiveness, long-term outcomes and safety of interventions in real-world settings. RWD provide the only means of addressing questions about risk factors and exposures that cannot be “controlled”, or when assessing rare outcomes. This review provides examples of the value of RWD for generating evidence about PCa, focusing on studies using data from a quality clinical register, namely the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR) Sweden, with longitudinal data on advanced PCa in Patient-overview Prostate Cancer (PPC) and data linkages to other sources in Prostate Cancer data Base Sweden (PCBaSe).
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7.
  • Bennich-Björkman, Li, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A creative university: is it possible?
  • 1991
  • record:In_t: Studies of higher education and research, 1991:4. ; 1991:4
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)
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8.
  • Bergengren, Oskar, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review
  • 2023
  • record:In_t: European Urology. - : Elsevier. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 84:2, s. 191-206
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Context: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of the disease is paramount to improve primary and secondary prevention strategies.Objective: To systematically review and summarize the current evidence on the descrip-tive epidemiology, large screening studies, diagnostic techniques, and risk factors of PCa.Evidence acquisition: PCa incidence and mortality rates for 2020 were obtained from the GLOBOCAN database of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. A systematic search was performed in July 2022 using PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE biomedical databases. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022359728).Evidence synthesis: Globally, PCa is the second most common cancer, with the highest incidence in North and South America, Europe, Australia, and the Caribbean. Risk factors include age, family history, and genetic predisposition. Additional factors may include smoking, diet, physical activity, specific medications, and occupational factors. As PCa screening has become more accepted, newer approaches such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarkers have been implemented to identify patients who are likely to harbor significant tumors. Limitations of this review include the evidence being derived from meta-analyses of mostly retrospective studies.Conclusions: PCa remains the second most common cancer among men worldwide. PCa screening is gaining acceptance and will likely reduce PCa mortality at the cost of over-diagnosis and overtreatment. Increasing use of MRI and biomarkers for the detection of PCa may mitigate some of the negative consequences of screening.
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9.
  • Bergström, Anna, 1983-, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • The use of the PARIHS framework in implementation research and practice-a citation analysis of the literature
  • 2020
  • record:In_t: Implementation science : IS. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 15:1
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework was developed two decades ago and conceptualizes successful implementation (SI) as a function (f) of the evidence (E) nature and type, context (C) quality, and the facilitation (F), [SI = f (E,C,F)]. Despite a growing number of citations of theoretical frameworks including PARIHS, details of how theoretical frameworks are used remains largely unknown. This review aimed to enhance the understanding of the breadth and depth of the use of the PARIHS framework. METHODS: This citation analysis commenced from four core articles representing the key stages of the framework's development. The citation search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus. After exclusion, we undertook an initial assessment aimed to identify articles using PARIHS and not only referencing any of the core articles. To assess this, all articles were read in full. Further data extraction included capturing information about where (country/countries and setting/s) PARIHS had been used, as well as categorizing how the framework was applied. Also, strengths and weaknesses, as well as efforts to validate the framework, were explored in detail. RESULTS: The citation search yielded 1613 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, 1475 articles were read in full, and the initial assessment yielded a total of 367 articles reported to have used the PARIHS framework. These articles were included for data extraction. The framework had been used in a variety of settings and in both high-, middle-, and low-income countries. With regard to types of use, 32% used PARIHS in planning and delivering an intervention, 50% in data analysis, 55% in the evaluation of study findings, and/or 37% in any other way. Further analysis showed that its actual application was frequently partial and generally not well elaborated. CONCLUSIONS: In line with previous citation analysis of the use of theoretical frameworks in implementation science, we also found a rather superficial description of the use of PARIHS. Thus, we propose the development and adoption of reporting guidelines on how framework(s) are used in implementation studies, with the expectation that this will enhance the maturity of implementation science.
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10.
  • Björklund, L., et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Aspirin in cardiology - benefits and risks
  • 2009
  • record:In_t: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1368-5031 .- 1742-1241. ; 63:3, s. 468-477
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)
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