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1.
  • Gerber, M, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Concerns regarding hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress in exercise and sport science
  • 2012
  • record:In_t: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. - 1303-2968. ; 11, s. 571-581
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Hair cortisol has the potential to fill the methodological void of long-term cortisol assessment while becoming a widely accepted measure in biopsychology. This review critically examines the applicability and relevance of hair cortisol measurement specifically within the field of exercise and sport science. Current measures of the HPA axis only cover a brief time period, whereas hair cortisol is a unique, non-invasive means to capture long-term cortisol secretion. Studies have shown that individuals who have elevated cortisol secretion (e.g. due to diseases associated with a disturbed activation of the HPA axis or exposure to stressful life events) reveal increased hair cortisol. By contrast, only weak correlations exist between hair cortisol and perceived stress, and the direction of the relationship between hair cortisol levels and mental disorders is unclear. Acute exercise, however, results in increased levels of cortisol that eventually is reflected in higher levels of cortisol in hair samples and studies have shown that exercise intensity is related to hair cortisol level. Thus, elevated hair cortisol levels found among regular exercisers are not necessarily pathological. Thus, one should practice caution when associating athletes’ elevated hair cortisol with poor mental health or disease. Hair cortisol analysis can contribute to a more complete understanding of how long-term cortisol elevation mediates stress-related effects on the health and performance of recreational exercisers and elite athletes. Nevertheless, it is crucial for exercise and sport scientists to consider whether their research questions can be adequately addressed, given that regular intense exercise results in substantially augmented hair cortisol levels.
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2.
  • Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Endocrine and immunological aspects of burnout: a narrative review
  • 2019
  • record:In_t: European Journal of Endocrinology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 180:3, s. R147-R158
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Burnout has several different definitions, and attempts have been made to discriminate between burnout as a psychological construct and burnout as a clinical entity. A large body of research has focused on elucidating the biological link between stress exposure and burnout and/or finding a clinically usable biomarker for burnout. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the main end ocrine and immune findings in relation to burnout. The literature has primarily focused on dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. However, albeit the large body of studies, it cannot be concluded that clear effects are seen on HPA axis function in people with burnout. The HPA axis and anabolic acute reactivity to stress might be affected in clinical burnout. Plausible, effects of chronic stress might rather be seen when measuring responses to acute stress rather than resting state hormonal levels. Studies on other hormones, including thyroid hormones, prolactin and growth hormone in burnout subjects are inconclusive. It is important to note that this field is faced with many methodological challenges, one being the diurnal and pulsatile nature of many of the hormones of interest, including cortisol, which is not always considered. Another challenge is the heterogeneity regarding definitions and measurements of stress and burnout. Existing studies on burnout and immune function are heterogeneous regarding the results and no firm conclusion can be made if clinically relevant immune changes are present in burnout subjects. An overall conclusion is that existing research cannot confirm any homogenous reliable endocrinological or immunological changes related to burnout.
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3.
  • Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Exercise immunology: neuroendocrine regulation of NK-cells.
  • 2000
  • record:In_t: International journal of sports medicine. - 0172-4622. ; 21 Suppl 1, s. S20-3
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Natural immunity, including that of the natural killer (NK) cells, is strongly influenced by physical exercise, but the physiological significance of the reported changes in NK cells after exercise training is as yet unclear. The exercise effect is likely mediated by interactions between the central nervous and endocrine systems. Chronic activation of endogenous opioid systems augments natural cytotoxicity. We have investigated the possible involvement of opioids in the exercise-induced enhancement of NK cell function. The pathways by which the central nervous system may communicate with the periphery include neuroendocrine outflow via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) through direct nerve fiber connections with cells or the organs of the immune system. This review will discuss the role of various neuroendocrine factors such as growth hormone, catecholamines and glucocorticoids and the role of the ANS, in particular the sympathetic division, in modulating NK cell function in response to exercise.
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4.
  • Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Physical exercise, endogenous opioids and immune function.
  • 1997
  • record:In_t: Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum. - 0302-2994. ; 640, s. 47-50
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • The experimental data available today strongly indicate that various types of physiological stressors, including physical exercise and emotional stress, can influence immune function. Natural immunity represents a first line of defence in viral infections and cytotoxicity to a variety of tumour cells. Natural immunity is strongly influenced by chronic exercise and this regulation includes interaction between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. Central mechanisms including the endogenous opioids are of great interest. Chronic activation of endogenous opioid systems augments natural cytotoxicity and the possible involvement the opioids in the exercise-induced enhancement of natural immunity is discussed. Also, catecholamines seem to play an important role in the regulation of immune function, both after chronic exercise and emotional stress. The physiological significance of the reported changes in natural cytotoxicity after exercise-training is as yet unclear.
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5.
  • Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: neuropeptides and their interaction with exercise and immune function.
  • 2000
  • record:In_t: Immunology and cell biology. - 0818-9641. ; 78:5, s. 562-70
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • It is known today that the immune system is influenced by various types of psychological and physiological stressors, including physical activity. It is well known that physical activity can influence neuropeptide levels both in the central nervous system as well as in peripheral blood. The reported changes of immune function in response to exercise have been suggested to be partly regulated by the activation of different neuropeptides and the identification of receptors for neuropeptides and steroid hormones on cells of the immune system has created a new dimension in this endocrine-immune interaction. It has also been shown that immune cells are capable of producing neuropeptides, creating a bidirectional link between the nervous and immune systems. The most common neuropeptides mentioned in this context are the endogenous opioids. The activation of endogenous opioid peptides in response to physical exercise is well known in the literature, as well as the immunomodulation mediated by opioid peptides. The role of endogenous opioids in the exercise-induced modulation of immune function is less clear. The present paper will also discuss the role of other neuroendocrine factors, such as substance P, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide, and pituitary hormones, including growth hormone, prolactin and adrenocorticotrophin, in exercise and their possible effects on immune function.
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6.
  • Jonsdottir, Ingibjörg H, 1966, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Stress och minnesfunktion
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: Socialmedicinsk tidskrift. ; årg 84:2
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)
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7.
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8.
  • Onerup, Aron, 1983, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Physical activity on prescription in accordance with the Swedish model increases physical activity: a systematic review.
  • 2019
  • record:In_t: British journal of sports medicine. - : BMJ. - 1473-0480 .- 0306-3674. ; 53:6, s. 383-388
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • This study investigates the effects of the core elements of the Swedish model for physical activity on prescription (PAP) by evaluating studies that compared adults who received PAP with adults who did not receive PAP. All participants were adults identified by a healthcare professional as in need of increased physical activity. Primary outcome was level of physical activity.Systematic review. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: (1) Published 1999. (2) Systematic review, randomised controlled trial (RCT), non-RCT or case series (for adverse events). (3) ≥12 weeks' follow-up. (4) Performed in the Nordic countries. (5) Presented in English, Swedish, Norwegian or Danish.Systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, AMED, CINAHL and SweMed+ in September 2017. Included articles were evaluated using checklists to determine risk of bias.Nine relevant articles were included: seven RCTs, one cohort study and one case series.Primary outcome was reported in seven articles from six studies (five RCTs, one cohort study, 642 participants). Positive results were reported from three of the five RCTs and from the cohort study. No study reported any negative results. Swedish PAP probably results in an increased level of physical activity (GRADE⊕⊕⊕Ο).Although the number of the reviewed articles was relatively modest, this systematic review shows that PAP in accordance with the Swedish model probably increases the level of physical activity. As a model for exercise prescription, Swedish PAP may be considered as part of regular healthcare to increase physical activity in patients.
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