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1.
  • Admyre, C, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Exosomes - nanovesicles with possible roles in allergic inflammation.
  • 2008
  • record:In_t: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 1398-9995 .- 0105-4538. ; 63:4, s. 404-8
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles which are released extracellularly after fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the cell membrane. Despite their characteristic composition of proteins compared to the cell membrane, no exosome-specific molecule has so far been characterized. Exosomes are found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), urine, serum and breast milk, and are released from several cells implicated in allergy including mast cells, dendritic cells (DC), T cells and epithelial cells. Antigen-loaded exosomes have been shown to be highly immunogenic and we propose that exosomes could be a modulating factor in allergic responses. Allergen-presenting exosomes could transport allergen and stimulate allergen-specific T cells, and possibly also biasing T cell responses depending on the molecules present on the exosome surface. Furthermore, exosomes from mast cells, highly active in allergic reactions, have been found to induce DC maturation and also to be able to transport functional RNA to recipient cells, suggesting a new pathway for cell communication. Reversely, tolerizing exosomes e.g. tolerosomes, from gut or breast milk, could block an allergic response or prevent allergy development. A better understanding of the role of exosomes in allergies could make us understand how allergy can be prevented or lead to the development of more efficient treatments.
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2.
  • Hendrix, A., et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Extracellular vesicle analysis
  • 2023
  • record:In_t: Nature Reviews Methods Primers. - 2662-8449. ; 3:1
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Cells release small, phospholipid membrane-enclosed particles, collectively referred to as extracellular vesicles (EVs), into their surroundings to enable intercellular communication. EVs have numerous functions in physiological and pathophysiological processes and show considerable promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Technologies have rapidly evolved over the past two decades, providing a powerful, versatile toolset for preparing and characterizing EVs to facilitate research and translational efforts. However, considering the plethora of methods available, it is challenging to understand what makes one method more suited for a given experiment than another. The heterogeneity of EVs as well as the diversity in composition of their surroundings further add to this challenge. This Primer provides guidance for EV analysis across ecosystems, including accessible body- and environment-derived sources. We summarize the multi-step process of EV preparation, cover the guiding principles and considerations when performing and interpreting EV experiments, and reflect on the limitations and challenges in the fields of fundamental biology, biomarker development and therapeutic strategies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have vital functions and promise diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this Primer, Hendrix and colleagues discuss tools for isolating and characterizing EVs obtained from various sources, including the body and the environment.
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3.
  • Lundbäck, Bo, 1948, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Is asthma prevalence still increasing?
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-6348 .- 1747-6356. ; 10:1, s. 39-51
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Increased awareness of asthma in society and altered diagnostic practices makes evaluation of data on prevalence change difficult. In most parts of the world the asthma prevalence seems to still be increasing. The increase is associated with urbanization and has been documented particularly among children and teenagers in urban areas of middle- and low-level income countries. Use of validated questionnaires has enabled comparisons of studies. Among adults there are few studies based on representative samples of the general population which allow evaluation of time trends of prevalence. This review focuses mainly on studies of asthma prevalence and symptoms among adults. Parallel with increased urbanization, we can assume that the increase in asthma prevalence in most areas of the world will continue. However, in Australia and North-West Europe studies performed, particularly among children and adolescents, indicate that the increase in asthma prevalence may now be leveling off.
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4.
  • Lötvall, Jan, 1956, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Cell to cell signalling via exosomes through esRNA.
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: Cell adhesion & migration. - 1933-6926. ; 1:3, s. 156-8
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Exosomes are small vesicles of endosomal origin that can be released by many different cells to the microenvironment. Exosomes have been shown to participate in the immune system, by mediating antigen presentation. We have recently shown the presence of both mRNA and microRNA in exosomes, specifically in exosomes derived from mast cells. This RNA can be transferred between one mast cell to another, most likely through fusion of the exosome to the recipient cell membrane. The delivered RNA is functional, as the mRNA can lead to translation of new proteins in a recipient cell. The RNA shuttled between cells via exosomes is called esRNA. We propose that several types of exosomes may exist, and that an additional function of exosomes is to communicate to neighbouring cells through delivery of RNA-signals.
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5.
  • Papadopoulos, N G, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Mechanisms of virus-induced asthma exacerbations: state-of-the-art. A GA2LEN and InterAirways document.
  • 2007
  • record:In_t: Allergy. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 62:5, s. 457-70
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Viral infections of the respiratory tract are the most common precipitants of acute asthma exacerbations. Exacerbations are only poorly responsive to current asthma therapies and new approaches to therapy are needed. Viruses, most frequently human rhinoviruses (RV), infect the airway epithelium, generate local and systemic immune responses, as well as neural responses, inducing inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Using in vitro and in vivo experimental models the role of various proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators, antiviral responses and molecular pathways that lead from infection to symptoms has been partly unravelled. In particular, mechanisms of susceptibility to viral infection have been identified and the bronchial epithelium appeared to be a key player. Nevertheless, additional understanding of the integration between the diverse elements of the antiviral response, especially in the context of allergic airway inflammation, as well as the interactions between viral infections and other stimuli that affect airway inflammation and responsiveness may lead to novel strategies in treating and/or preventing asthma exacerbations. This review presents the current knowledge and highlights areas in need of further research.
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6.
  • Reiner, A. T., et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Concise Review: Developing Best-Practice Models for the Therapeutic Use of Extracellular Vesicles
  • 2017
  • record:In_t: Stem Cells Translational Medicine. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2157-6564 .- 2157-6580. ; 6:8
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • Growing interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs, including exosomes and microvesicles) as therapeutic entities, particularly in stem cell-related approaches, has underlined the need for standardization and coordination of development efforts. Members of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and the Society for Clinical Research and Translation of Extracellular Vesicles Singapore convened a Workshop on this topic to discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with development of EV-based therapeutics at the preclinical and clinical levels. This review outlines topic-specific action items that, if addressed, will enhance the development of best-practice models for EV therapies.
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7.
  • Samitas, Konstantinos, 1977, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • B cells: from early development to regulating allergic diseases.
  • 2010
  • record:In_t: Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1661-4917 .- 0004-069X. ; 58:3, s. 209-25
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • B lymphocytes are characterized by a unique and highly specialized developmental pathway that is responsible for their vast phenotypic and function diversity. B cell development is strictly regulated to ensure sufficient specific humoral immunity while at the same time avoiding any errors that would compromise B cell functionality. The generation and maintenance of mature B cells from the constant flux of bone marrow progenitors is a complex process that is generally poorly understood, although great progress has been made in recent years. B cells have for long been considered mainly as antibody-producing cells and therefore believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases, primarily through their ability to produce IgE antibodies. However, recent findings have revealed new aspects of their role in immune responses that place them again under the spotlight as important immune regulators, independent of antibody production. This review focuses on the developmental processes responsible for the numerous phenotypes and functions of the B-lymphocyte pool and the different aspects of effector B cell functionality in the context of allergy.
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10.
  • Yáñez-Mó, María, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions.
  • 2015
  • record:In_t: Journal of extracellular vesicles. - : Wiley. - 2001-3078. ; 4
  • swepub:Mat_researchreview_t (swepub:level_refereed_t)abstract
    • In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells. While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.
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