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- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Confidence judgements: Selective but possible to prime.
- 1999
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Ingår i: I proceedings från konferensen Metacognition Process, function and use. Clermont Ferrand, Frankrike, 6-8 september 1999.. ; s. 46-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements
- 2006
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Ingår i: Psychology, Crime & Law. - Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd. - 1068-316X. ; 12:1, s. 25-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of two types of feedback (confirmatory and disconfirmatory) on the accuracy in witnesses' confidence judgements of their event memory. Overall, the witnesses evidenced overconfidence both when they received feedback and in the Control condition (no feedback). The results showed that confirmatory feedback caused higher overconfidence, compared both with when receiving disconfirmatory and no feedback. These results suggest that the impact of feedback on the accuracy of confidence judgements show the same pattern of results for event memory as for line-up identification tasks. Finally, when the witnesses rated the total number of questions that they had answered correctly they gave fairly correct estimates compared with their actual number of correct answers.
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| 4. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Eyewitnesses under influence: How feedback affects the realism in confidence judgements.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral paper presented at the 14’th European Conference on Psychology and Law (Cracow, Poland).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Witnesses often discuss the witnessed event with other witnesses. Hence, it is important to increase our understanding of how co-witness feedback affects witnesses’ memory and meta-memory. This study investigated the effect of confirmatory and disconfirmatory feedback on the accuracy in witnesses’ confidence judgements. A general conclusion from the study is that the realism in the witnesses’ confidence judgements is indeed sensitive to co-witness feedback, and more so to confirming than disconfirming feedback.
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| 8. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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The cognitive interview: Effects on the realism in witnesses confidence in their free recall
- 2004
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 1st meeting of the Nordic Network for research on Psychology and Law (NNPL), Oslo, Norway..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using calibration methodology, this study compared the realism of witnesses’ confidence judgments of their own recall elicited in either the Cognitive Interview (CI) or the Structured Interview (SI). Participants were interviewed about their observations of a staged crime and returned two weeks later to assess their confidence in the statements. The CI, as in previous research, rendered a significantly higher number of correct recalled units compared with the SI. In both interview conditions the witnesses displayed a high level of accuracy and confidence, very good calibration, and very low overconfidence. No difference was found between the CI and SI in terms of calibration, under/overconfidence, or with respect to the witnesses’ estimations of the total number of correctly recalled items. It is suggested that the high realism found in these measures is due to the witnesses assessing their confidence in items they themselves had chosen to report.
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| 10. |
- Ask, Karl, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of investigators’ epistemic motivation: Biased perception and sensitivity to criminal evidence
- 2005
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Ingår i: The 2nd meeting of the NNPL, Kristianstad, Sweden, September 29-30.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- External pressures in investigators’ work environment, such as time pressure, occupational culture, and pressure from media and the public, are likely to activate epistemic goals—subjective preferences regarding the outcome of cognitive tasks. Predictions were derived from the motivated social cognition framework as to how epistemic goals might influence the tasks carried out in criminal investigations. A first study examined the prediction that investigators’ initial hypothesis regarding a crime would influence their interpretation of ambiguous criminal evidence, particularly when motivated to achieve cognitive closure. The results of two experiments, with 50 experienced criminal investigators (Experiment 1) and 68 university students (Experiment 2), showed that students’ interpretations of a criminal case material differed significantly as a function of their initial hypothesis. In contrast, investigators tended to perceive the material in incriminating terms across conditions. A non-significant trend suggested that investigators with a high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure (NFC) were more influenced by their initial hypothesis. A second study tested the prediction that witnesses who reported information inconsistent (vs. consistent) with investigators’ initial hypothesis would be perceived as less reliable and credible, particularly by investigators working under high NFC. The prediction received consistent support in the data from 49 experienced criminal investigators. Although the effect was not moderated by investigators’ level of NFC, participants high (vs. low) in NFC were more persistent in their initial hypothesis regarding the crime, and less influenced by the witness evidence.
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