| 1. |
- Koutsikouri, Dina, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Extending digital infrastructures : A typology of growth tactics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of the Association for Information Systems. - : Association for Information Systems. - 1536-9323. ; 19:10, s. 1001-1019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital infrastructures enable delivery of information services in functional areas such as health, payment, and transportation by providing a sociotechnical foundation for partnership governance, resource reuse, and system integration. To effectively serve emerging possibilities and changing purposes, however, a key question concerns how an infrastructure can be extended to cater for future services in its functional area. In this paper, we approach such digital infrastructure growth as a challenge of aligning new partners whose digital capabilities spur innovative services that attract more users. We advance an initial typology that covers four growth tactics (i.e., adding services, inventing processes, opening identifiers, and providing interfaces) with the potential to set extension of infrastructures in motion. We then explore the proposed typology by investigating the ways in which its particular tactics successfully extended the scope of a digital infrastructure for public transportation in Stockholm, Sweden. Our insights invite IS scholars to engage more deeply in the development of growth tactics that achieve infrastructure extensions necessary for improving the durability of service delivery.
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| 2. |
- Lnenicka, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying patterns and recommendations of and for sustainable open data initiatives : A benchmarking-driven analysis of open government data initiatives among European countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Government Information Quarterly. - : Elsevier. - 0740-624X .- 1872-9517. ; 41:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open government and open (government) data are seen as tools to create new opportunities, eliminate or at least reduce information inequalities and improve public services. More than a decade of these efforts has provided much experience, practices, and perspectives to learn how to better deal with them. This paper focuses on benchmarking of open data initiatives over the years and attempts to identify patterns observed among European countries that could lead to disparities in the development, growth, and sustainability of open data ecosystems. To do this, we studied benchmarks and indices published over the last years (57 editions of 8 artifacts) and conducted a comparative case study of eight European countries, identifying patterns among them considering different potentially relevant contexts such as e-government, open government data, open data indices and rankings, and others relevant for the country under consideration. Using a Delphi method, we reached a consensus within a panel of experts and validated a final list of 94 patterns, including their frequency of occurrence among studied countries and their effects on the respective countries. Finally, we took a closer look at the developments in identified contexts over the years and defined 21 recommendations for more resilient and sustainable open government data initiatives and ecosystems and future steps in this area.
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| 3. |
- Lnenicka, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable open data ecosystems in smart cities : A platform theory-based analysis of 19 European cities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cities. - : Elsevier. - 0264-2751 .- 1873-6084. ; 148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An understanding of how modern Open Data Ecosystems (ODEs) work is critical in the context of current trends towards sustainability and smartness, while is seen to be an asset to support urban governance and development, in coordinating actions, and fostering civic engagement. This paper aims to establish such understanding by analyzing the contextual patterns, platforms, and components shaping sustainable ODEs by employing platform theory. This study explores and compares characteristics, similarities, differences, and best approaches in 19 cities across 8 countries. In this study we (1) identify 50 patterns that influence and shape sustainable ODEs and their platforms, i.e., Open Data Platform Ecosystems (ODPEs); (2) explore the relationships between platforms and other ODPEs components by developing a respective model, and identifying internal platforms and other components; (3) empirically validate the conceptual findings of five types of ODPEs presented in the literature, redefining them from the conceptual to real-life implementation of the respective components in sample cities; (4) considering the experience gained during the study with respect to the ODPEs and external pressures and environments that shape or influence them, we define 12 recommendations for policy planning and urban governance of more sustainable ODEs.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Per, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Toward Citizen-Centered Digital Government : Design Principles Guided Legacy System Renewal in A Swedish Municipality
- 2024
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : ScholarSpace. - 1530-1605 .- 2572-6862. - 9780998133171 ; , s. 1963-1972
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transformation towards a digital government imposes significant demands on the capabilities of legacy infrastructure. We closely followed a Swedish municipality that designed and implemented a solution to improve the building permit application process with an aim to improve citizen service. We developed six design principles (DPs): availability, timeliness, actionability, transparency, personalization, and generalizability. These DPs guide the solution design and provide a seamless application experience for citizens and business owners. We also discuss the reasoning behind the design choices and the implications of the solution. The artifact encompasses understanding citizens’ needs, identifying constraints of the legacy systems, formulating design principles, and developing architectural designs. However, addressing the social aspects of legacy systems, such as organizational culture change, necessitates additional steps, and is worth investigation in future studies.
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| 5. |
- Rudmark, Daniel
(författare)
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Cities’ Use of MDS as Soft Digital Infrastructure for Micromobility : Key Findings and Challenges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 28th ITS World Congress 2022. - Los Angeles, USA : World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the e-scooter has gained exceptional worldwide adoption, and their hybrid vehicle design has placed them in a legislative void. To this end, many cities are developing local regulations to govern and follow-up e-scooter operations within their jurisdiction. As e-scooters are equipped with hardware like SIM cards, GPS sensors, and accelerometers, the vehicles can both collect and act on digital information. Increasingly, cities thus draw on these capabilities using the Mobility Data Specification (MDS) as a soft digital infrastructure to e.g., express local regulations and collect operator data for compliance purposes. This paper uses interview data from European and U.S. cities, e-scooter operators, and systems integrators to provide an overview of the history and components of MDS. The paper also presents cities’ current uses and emerging challenges regarding using MDS for regulation, compliance monitoring, as well as data analytics for physical infrastructure planning.
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| 6. |
- Rudmark, Daniel
(författare)
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Designing Platform Emulation
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many contemporary firms and public agencies seek to engage external third-party developers to supply complementary applications. However, this type of development sometimes occurs without organizational consent, which creates problems for subjected organizations at both the technical and organizational levels. In this thesis, I have developed a theoretical perspective called open platform emulation. This perspective builds on emulation logics, where designers use an external model as a basis for developing compatible platform capabilities superior to the original model. In this thesis, this model has been external unsanctioned development. In open platform emulation, such capabilities include governance decisions enabling coherence with previously proven solutions, the flexibility to accommodate new development trajectories, and strategies for applying openness to a digital resource. The means to achieve these capabilities involves design rules’ architecture, interfaces, and integration protocols, which convey the capabilities to third-party developers. This way, a platform owner can draw on governance and architectural configurations to emulate self-resourcing behavior through the platform core. I generated the contributions from this thesis by materializing open platform emulation in a clinical setting. More specifically, I used action design research (ADR) together with the Swedish Transport Administration (STA). Starting in early 2012, I led a platform initiative that, in collaboration with the STA, sought to emulate self-resourcing to design an open platform. Here, I conducted two full ADR cycles that resulted in a currently active production platform used by both the STA and external third-party developers. Before this engagement, I also conducted studies of related phenomena within the Swedish public transport industry, and I have continued to follow the STA’s platform trajectory since its release in 2014. The theoretical contributions from this thesis include design principles that seek to guide the designers of open platforms in situations where digital resources are subject to self-resourcing. These design principles cover both product and process aspects throughout the open platform’s developmental trajectory. Also, I offer additional theoretical implications based on this work. These include extensions to current theories on open platforms, different types of platform emulation, an enunciated influence response to outlaw innovation, and methodological implications for guided emergence in ADR.
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| 7. |
- Rudmark, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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From Integration to Data Sharing - How Developers Subvert the Public Sector
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783031416170 ; , s. 131-147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores how organizations expand data-sharing capabilities beyond the loci of emergence. This inquiry was ignited from an observation that external developer practices had subverted a public sector organization into developing transformational data-sharing capabilities that effectively replaced existing integration practices within the agency. To detail and explain how the administration was able to draw on the practices and platforms established for an external context in an organizational (internal) context, we analyzed our empirical dataset using dynamic capabilities theory. By unpacking enabling microfoundations and overarching capabilities, we could explain our observations and put forward six microfoundations that underpin three data-sharing capabilities.
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| 8. |
- Rudmark, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons from the Regulation of E-scooters through the MDS Standard: Policy Lessons for Connected Vehicles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : IEEE. - 9780998133164
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Connected vehicles generate new data streams that present promising opportunities for policymakers to monitor and learn from events and behavior. To explore what we can learn from how public entities leverage ubiquitous data streams for policy development and enforcement, we draw on a case study of the standard Mobility Data Specification (MDS) and its use by cities to regulate E-scooter operators. Our findings suggest that (1) the richness of real-time data changes the speed of policy revision, (2) data access enables moving some micro-decisions to the edge, and (3) policy will be formulated as fixed or flexible with different amendment rules.
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| 9. |
- Rudmark, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The Design of Open Platforms: Towards an Emulation Theory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 56th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. - : ScholarSpace. - 9780998133164
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The enrolment of third-party developers is essential to leverage the creation and evolution of data ecosystems. When such complementary development takes place without any organizational consent, however, it causes new social and technical problems to be solved. In this paper, we advance platform emulation as a theoretical perspective to explore the nature of such problem-solving in the realm of open platforms. Empirically, our analysis builds on a 10-year action design research effort together with a Swedish authority. Its deliberate change agenda was to transform unsolicited third-party development into a sanctioned data ecosystem, which led to a live open platform that is still in production use. Theoretically, we synthesize and extend received theory on open platforms and offer novel product and process principles for this class of digital platforms.
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| 10. |
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