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Träfflista för sökning "LAR1:gu ;spr:eng;mspu:(licentiatethesis)"

Sökning: LAR1:gu > Engelska > Licentiatavhandling

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  • Abdula, Rahimaisa, 1976 (författare)
  • Climate Change Policy of Bio-Energy: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis
  • 2005
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper explores the intersectoral and land-use dynamics behind bio-energyâ??s development as a climate change policy. Bio-energy from agriculture and forestry can potentially mitigate the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) from energy use and land-use changes (LUC) by its substitution to fossil fuels and its diversion of land-use to biomass plantation. Two major issues concerning its interplay with the other sectors of the economy and other land-use options are mapped in the study, namely its competition with other energy sources and sectors of similar production structure such as the crops and livestock sector; and its competition for land with other land-use based CO2 mitigation option of afforestation. By employing a computable general equilibrium with a land-use change model, the study was able to depict the various interfaces of bio-energy with the rest of the economy and with the land market. Moreover, the model enabled the mapping of policy implications upon the economy, welfare, and pattern of land-use changes and its subsequent contribution to CO2 emissions. The main policy considered in this study is the carbon taxation with revenues geared towards the reduction of direct taxes and towards the finance of bio-energy subsidy. Results showed that the carbon taxation per se does not ensure the growth of the bio-energy sector, unless the tax base is extended to land-use changes and unless the proceeds are directed to subsidize the sector or to buttress the incomes and consumptions of rural households; the main users of bio-energy. Investment in bio-energy as a complementary mitigation policy to carbon taxation has resulted into the improvements in the domestic capacity for energy sourcing and the welfare of the rural households. It successfully lowered the cost of mitigation by shifting reliance away from fossil fuels and by inducing land-use conversion to bio-energy and forestry purposes, without instigating dramatic transformations in the land-use system and without producing catastrophic burden upon the agricultural sector. Moreover, despite the competition for scarce land resource of the different land-use based mitigation options, synergies between developing carbon offset through bio-energy and building carbon sink through afforestation can be achieved through the market mechanism. The same benefits are presented by integrating land-use changes emissions into the carbon tax coverage.
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  • Abenius, Tobias, 1979 (författare)
  • Towards Precision Medicine: Exploiting Genetic Variation in Tumours by Inferring Multitype Gene Regulatory Networks
  • 2019
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Precision medicine aims to customize treatment to a patient given measured genetic or other molecular data for diagnostics. In cancer, optimal medical treatment, depends on how far the disease has progressed, type and subtype of cancer and, the individual tumor’s circumstances. Finding large-scale genome-wide models for cancer tumours comes with several challenges including, but not limited to, the relatively small size of the cohort compared to the vast number of genes. In this licentiate thesis, using DNA copy number aberration (CNA), mRNA expression data and survival data, methods were developed to adress some of the issues along the path towards useful large-scale models. In paper I, two related models were suggested that incorporate these data types. To allow large-scale computations a new LASSO solver based on Cyclic Coordinate Descent were coded in C/BLAS for both R and Matlab. A set of validation techniques were used and the solutions to the models could find both previously known genes involved in cancer as well as new candidate targets for intervention, predicting survival length and further elucidated the connectome. One of these candidate targets were verified in vitro. In paper II, the techniques and the software developed in paper I, were further refined in the form of R packages and exposed in a book chapter as a hands on tutorial. In paper III, efforts were made to increase the likelihood of reproducibility and save both human and machine time in calculations and report writing. Having calculations splitted into interdependent blocks and caching computations, results in a dynamic update of reports which change if data or analysis change. This allows for certain in silico issues in the reproducibility process to be mitigated. In paper IV, a model was developed to find similarites and differences between cancer types or subtypes. Potential benefits are to further elucidate the workings of the gene regulatory networks in cancer for multiple cohort clusters at any granularity by exploiting the accumulative statistical strength for coinciding cross-type subnetworks increasing the available sample size while keeping the resolution at a type or sub-type specific level. Known genes relevant to cancer appear in the models and the networks inferred disclose candidate hub genes, connections of interest for candidate sub-hub interventions predictors for survival important for selection of therapy. A generalization to pairwise fused LASSO were used as a model and a solver were implemented using Split Bregman optimization and parallel computations in C/BLAS. I conclude that the tools and models presented may aid in accelerating the system biology loop and provide insights into the biology of cancers, be it type, subtype or as more data come in, even smaller groups.
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  • Adolfsson, Kerstin, 1988 (författare)
  • Blame attribution in rape scenarios: Understanding the role of personal beliefs and situational factors
  • 2017
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Previous studies have found victim-blaming attitudes to hinder victims of rape from reporting to the police. Many victims fear being blamed by people in their near surroundings or by professionals in the legal as well as in the healthcare system. Psychological research has investigated various variables that might affect levels of attributed victim and perpetrator blame in rape cases. These variables are connected to the rape situation as well as personal beliefs and attitudes on behalf of the participants. However, studies have predominantly investigated only a few variables at a time. The aim of this thesis was to investigate if blame attributions are affected more by situational-specific variables or by observers’ personal beliefs. Also, the thesis aimed to shed light on age effects and multiple perpetrator rapes as these aspects are previously understudied in the field. The studies were conducted with a multi-analytical approach using both analyses of variance as well as more elaborated and exploratory analyses. In Study I, the effects of victim and participant age, participant gender, sympathy for the victim, trust in the justice system, belief in a just world, and acceptance of rape myths were investigated in three experiments. The three experiments employed a vignette methodology. In total, 877 Swedish adolescents and adults read scenarios that described common acquaintance rape situations in party settings. Victim age (18 or 31) was manipulated, but did not affect attributed blame. Effects of participant age and gender varied markedly across scenarios. Sympathy for the victim and acceptance of rape myths were better predictors of attributed blame than the gender and age. This shows that blame attributions were found to be more affected by personal beliefs than situational-specific variables. Study II investigated the effects of multiple perpetrators and perpetrators’ use of force on blame attributions. This was done in two experiments with a total of 2928 Swedish community members. Using vignette methodology, participants read scenarios depicting either a multiple-perpetrator rape or a lone-perpetrator rape and subsequently made ratings of blame, rape myth acceptance, just-world beliefs, and sympathy for the victim, perception of consent and trust in the legal system. Experiment 1 showed that a victim of multiple perpetrator rape was attributed more blame than a victim of a single perpetrator rape. Experiment 2 showed that the perpetrator’s used force did not affect levels of attributed blame. The best predictors of attributed blame were participants’ perception of consent, sympathy for the victim and rape myth acceptance. In line with Study I, the results show the importance of participants’ beliefs about rape above situational factors. To summarize, personal beliefs were more predictive of levels of attributed blame, and a victim of multiple perpetrator rape was attributed higher levels of blame than a victim of lone perpetrator rape. Rape myth acceptance, sympathy for the victim and perception of consent were the most predictive factors of victim and perpetrator blame. This result has implications for future projects preventing victim blame. It shows what to focus on: Changing attitudes, decreasing rape myth acceptance, and increasing sympathy for rape victims. Additionally, across both studies, principal component analyses resulted in factors which, included in hierarchical multiple regression analyses, proved to explain a substantial part of the variance in levels of victim and perpetrator blame. These factors were not present in the analyses of variance. This result has implications for future research to productively use more elaborated analyses including several more variables at a time.
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