| 1. |
- Browall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Information needs of women with recently diagnosed ovarian cancer - A longitudinal study
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 8:3, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the information needs among patients with ovarian cancer and whether these information needs change over time. The information needs were evaluated three times, through structured interviews, and were based on the paired comparison approach developed by Degner and colleagues. A consecutive sample of patients (n=82) with recently diagnosed ovarian cancer was asked to participate.Sixty-four patients (78%) chose to participate. The three different measurements of participants' information needs revealed only small changes in these needs. The three most important information needs, in all measurements, were information about the likelihood of cure, information about the stage and spreading of the disease, and information about different treatment options. Information regarding sexual attractiveness was the lowest ranked item in all measurements. Regarding subgroups (age, education) the only significant difference throughout all measurements was that younger patients rated issues of sexual attractiveness higher than older patients (p=0.005).In this longitudinal study patients with ovarian cancer ranked information about the disease and its treatment (i.e. likelihood of cure, stage of disease, and treatment options) highest, and information about psychosocial aspects and self-care lowest. These findings are in accordance with the results from studies of women diagnosed with other types of cancer, which used the same methodology. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Carlsson, Gunnar E, 1930, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of demand for treatment of temporomandibular disorders based on a 20-year follow-up study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 0305-182X .- 1365-2842. ; 31:6, s. 511-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose was to test the hypothesis that signs and symptoms characteristic of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) at age 15 would predict demand for treatment during a 20-year follow-up period. Of originally 135 examined 15-year-old subjects, 103 completed a questionnaire and 84 were examined clinically at the 10-year follow-up (at age 25). After 20 years (at age 35), 114 completed a questionnaire and 100 were also examined clinically. During the 20-year follow-up period, 21 subjects received some kind of treatment of TMD. At baseline (age 15), the treated group reported tooth grinding at night more often than the non-treated group (P = 0.0042). At the 10-year follow-up (at age 25), the treated group reported more symptoms of TMD and oral parafunctions than the non-treated group. Among the clinical registrations, there was only one significant difference between the groups: anterior tooth wear was more extensive in the treated group. At the 20-year follow-up (at age 35), the treated group reported significantly more symptoms of TMD and oral parafunctions than the non-treated group. The clinical dysfunction index was also higher in the treated group. Logistic regression revealed tooth grinding at night as a significant predictor of received treatment of TMD. However, the positive predictive value was low whereas the negative predictive value was high (90%). The findings indicate that nocturnal tooth grinding is related to demand for treatment of TMD.
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| 3. |
- Coli, Pierluigi, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of a dentifrice in the prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Oral health & preventive dentistry. - 1602-1622. ; 2:2, s. 133-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of an experimental dentifrice on the prevention of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 3-month pretrial period was used to self-record data pertaining to the frequency, ulcer size, duration, and pain associated with ulcers. Thirty-six participants, who reported at least 3 RAS episodes or 30 days with RAS during the pretrial period, completed the study. Following a stratified randomization for age, sex and disease severity, the participants received the experimental dentifrice (T) or the placebo (C). The test period comprised 3 months of self-evaluation of number of ulcers, size and location. Pain related to RAS was estimated by the use of a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Symptoms were found to decrease in both groups when the pretrial and test periods were compared, although no statistical difference was reached in the C group. A statistically significant difference between the two time periods was obtained for the T group concerning the number of days with ulcers (p < 0.025) and VAS (p < 0.010). Of more clinical importance was the observation that 50% of the patients in the T group reported a more than 50% reduction in days with ulcers compared to 17% in the C group. CONCLUSIONS: The dentifrice may be used as a treatment strategy for a subgroup of patients with RAS in view of the low adverse effects and the benefit of using a treatment modality that is a part of daily routines.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hedberg, Berith, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental elements affecting the decision-making process in nursing practice.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 13:3, s. 316-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In their practice nurses constantly make decisions in a dynamic context including complex situations. Besides affecting elements related to the decision-maker and the task itself, the setting where the decision-making process takes place are of decisive importance to the quality of the decision-making outcome. AIM: The aim of this study was to explore environmental elements related to the decision-making process in nursing practice. METHODS: Six expert nurses, from three Swedish nursing settings, participated voluntarily in the study, which were designed of participated observations in everyday nursing practice. Permission to carry out the study was given by the clinics and an ethical committee. A content analysis was used to analyse the field notes where themes emerged which were found to be environmental elements affecting decision-making process of nurses. CONCLUSIONS: The most striking theme, environmental elements, included the sub-themes interruptions and the work procedures are presented in this report. The implications of environmental elements, are discussed from a perspective of nurses' competence, where the elements could be seen as a facilitator or as a hindrance to developing nursing competence. It were concluded that environmental elements have to be well considered before knowledge can be reached about decision-making in practice. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Interpersonal and technological interruptions were features highlighted in the study, features which could jeopardize the decision-making outcome. Therefore, it is of greatest importance that nurses learn to use decision-making strategies to guarantee patient care security and patient care quality.
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| 6. |
- Holmqvist Andersson, Elisabeth
(författare)
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Mild traumatic brain injuries : the impact of early intervention on late sequelae
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Studies I & II:To assess the incidence of Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) in western Sweden and to investigate health-related quality of life and post-concussion symptoms (PCS). Study III: To test the hypothesis that a programme of early rehabilitation for selected Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) patients would reduce late sequelae. Study IV: To investigate the parallel reliability, concurrent validity and inter-observer reliability of the Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (PCSQ). Methods: Studies I & II: Data were collected prospectively and retrospectively. 173 patients aged between 16 and 60 and collected consecutively at Södra Älvsborg Hospital received two mailed questionnaires three months and one year after injury. Study III: 1719 patients were registered at Södra Älvsborg Hospital and 395 MTBI patients were selected. Patients allocated to the control group (n=131) received regular care. Patients assigned to intervention (n=264) were contacted 2-8 weeks (median 3 weeks) after injury and offered rehabilitation. The intervention was designed according to their perceived individual needs. Outcome was measured as the change in the occurrence of PCS, life satisfaction, health-related quality of life and daily activities one year after injury, as compared with before injury for the different groups. Study IV: In the parallel reliability and concurrent validity study, 35 patients filled in the PCSQ, answering, “Yes” or “No”. The patients were than interviewed to check the certain “Yes” or “No” answers. In the inter-observer study, the observers filled in their ratings independently. Results: Studies I & II: 753 cases were identified, representing an incidence of 546 per 100,000 a year in western Sweden. A statistically-significant correlation was found between an increasing number of PCS and reduced health-related quality of life. Study III: No statistical differences were found between the intervention and control groups with respect to intervention. Patients who experienced few PCS 2-8 weeks (median 3 weeks) after the injury and declined rehabilitation recovered and returned to their pre-injury status. Patients who suffered several PCS and accepted rehabilitation did not recover during the period of one year. Study IV: The parallel reliability and concurrent validity ranged from 82-100 per cent of agreement between the two questionnaires. The range of agreement was 93-100 per cent in the inter-observer study. Conclusions: Study I: The incidence of TBI is high in western Sweden, 546 per 100,000. Study II: There is a statistically-significant correlation between a higher increase in the number of PCS and reduced health-related quality of life. Study III: In this particular MTBI sample, early active rehabilitation did not change the outcome to a statistically-significant degree. Study IV. The PCSQ is a reliable and valid instrument for screening PCS after an MTBI.
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| 7. |
- Jansson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Gender differences in heritability of depressive symptoms in the elderly
- 2004
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Ingår i: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 34:3, s. 471-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the relative importance of genetic and environmental influences on depressive symptoms in the elderly. METHOD: Depressive symptoms were assessed through the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. The CES-D scale was administered to 959 twin pairs (123 female MZs, 90 male MZs, 207 same-sex female DZs, 109 same-sex male DZs and 430 opposite-sex DZs) aged 50 years or older (mean age 72 years). A dichotomous depressed state variable was constructed based on CES-D cut-offs and self-reported use of antidepressant medication. Structural equation models were fitted to the data to dissect genetic and environmental variance components. RESULTS: The sex-specific heritability estimates for depressive symptoms were 14% for males and 29% for females and 23% when constrained to be equal for men and women. The prevalence of clinically significant depressive symptoms was 16% for men and 24% for women. Heritability estimates for the dichotomous depressed state measure were 7% for males and 49% for females in the full model and 33% when constrained to be equal. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms in the elderly are moderately heritable, with a higher heritability for women than men, although differences in heritability estimates were not statistically significant.
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(författare)
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Change in cognitive cababilities in the old-old: The effects of proximity to death in genetically-related individuals over a six-year period.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psych Aging. - : American Psychological Association (APA). ; :19, s. 145-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Change in cognitive abilities was assessed over a 6-year period in a sample of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twin pairs (N = 507 individuals), aged 80 and older (mean age = 83.3 years: SD = 3.1). who remained nondemented over the course of the study. Latent growth models (LGMs) show that chronological age and time to death are consistent predictors of decline in measures of memory, reasoning, speed, and verbal abilities. Multivariate LGM analysis resulted in weak and often negative correlations among rates of change between individuals within twin pairs, indicating greater differential change within twin pairs than occurs on average across twin pairs. These findings highlight several challenges for estimating genetic sources of variance in the context of compromised health and mortality-related change
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| 9. |
- Knutsson, Susanne, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Visits of children to patients being cared for in adult ICUs : policies, guidelines and recommendations
- 2004
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Ingår i: Intensive & Critical Care Nursing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0964-3397 .- 1532-4036. ; 20:5, s. 264-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the frequency of children visiting their nearest relatives in adult ICUs or if there are any policies/guidelines or recommendations regarding these. The aims of this multi-centre descriptive study were to survey Swedish ICUs policies/guidelines or recommendations, and examine the reasons given both for and against restricting child visits; if parents/guardians sought advice in connection with such visits, and if any differences in demographic data could be ascertained. Fifty-six Lead Nurse Managers (LNM), representing as many general adult ICUs, participated by answering a questionnaire. Only one ICU had written policy/guidelines concerning child visits; most ICUs (70%) had no policies/guidelines at all. All LNMs reported that their ICU was positive to child visits, but only two actively encouraged these. Nineteen (34%) of the ICUs restricted child visits. More than 50% of the LNMs reported that only about half of their patients ever had visits from children. Seventy percent of the ICUs had no restrictions on visiting hours, but 30% imposed some form of restriction. Twenty LNMs reported that 75% of the parents/guardians of children 0-6 years old asked for advice about child visits. However, those responsible for children >12 years of age seldom asked for any advice at all.
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| 10. |
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