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- Cliffordson, Christina, 1949-
(författare)
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Effects of practice and intellectual growth on performance on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT)
- 2004
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - Washington : American psychological Association. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 20:3, s. 192-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to examine effects of repeated test taking over several sessions on the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT). Self-selection effects on test performance due to background variables that must be taken into consideration are also investigated. All test repeaters with two and three test scores from three cohorts are included in the study. By using different regression models a distinction can be made between the effects of practice as a function of test-taking experience, and the effects of growth as a function of time. The results show self-selection effects due to age and grades, such that students with higher grades tend to be younger when taking the first test. Furthermore, this phenomenon tends to be more accentuated with repeated test takings. It is also shown that there are score gains as a function of practice at the first testing session, and that there are also effects of growth on the SweSAT performance. The magnitude of score gains associated with growth is equal over the two intervals measured, but different between the three cohorts. There are reasons to assume that effects of schooling may explain these differences. An additional explanation may be that the younger students have a greater potential for growth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
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- Gellerstedt, Martin, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Interpretation of subjective symptoms in double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges - interobserver reliability
- 2004
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 59, s. 354-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Subjective symptoms after food challenges are difficult to interpret and no standard is available. We discuss a strategy for how to interpret a diary. Furthermore, the interobserver reliability is evaluated. METHODS: Diaries for 32 patients with subjective symptoms were used. The diaries were re-evaluated with a predefined strategy by three independent observers. RESULTS: The proportion of positives was 21.9% among the old diagnoses, according to the new approach 34.4% (observers I and II) and 37.5% (observer III) were positive. The new approach had high interobserver reliability (97 and 100%). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of positives depends on how subjective symptoms are interpreted. Interpretations of subjective symptoms in diaries could be made with high interobserver reliability.
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- Sorbring, Emma, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Children's beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations
- 2004
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Ingår i: CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT. - : Wiley. - 0305-1862 .- 1365-2214. ; 30:1, s. 39-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective In previous research, several variables are shown to have an impact on children's perception of gender. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between discipline methods and the child's beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations. Methods In this study, variables such as type of siblings, socioeconomic status, child's sex, parental values and shared responsibility are controlled for. Two hundred and five 8-year-old children in Sweden were interviewed about discipline methods in five transgression situations and their parents were asked to fill in a battery of questions. Results The results show that harsher discipline methods, such as behaviour modification, physical restraint and physical punishment, relate to stronger beliefs about the importance of gender in transgression situations.
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- Sterner, Bertil, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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The amplitude of accommodation in 6-10-year-old children - not as good as expected!
- 2004
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Ingår i: Ophthalmic & physiological optics. - : Wiley. - 0275-5408 .- 1475-1313. ; 24:3, s. 246-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to measure the amplitude of accommodation for junior level school children and to compare it with age-expected values. A junior level school in Göteborg, Sweden, was randomly chosen and the amplitude of accommodation among 76 children aged 6-10 years was examined using Donders' push-up method. The results showed lower amplitude than expected in a large group of children. Results also showed lower amplitude than previously reported for this age group, especially under monocular conditions, which revealed an average dioptric difference from the expected value of -3.60 dioptres (D) right eye (mean 12.40 D, median 12.00 D, S.D. 3.7 D) and -3.50 D left eye (mean 12.50 D, median 12.70 D, S.D. 3.8 D) (p < 0.001 for both eyes). Consequently, we conclude that it cannot be assumed that the amplitude of accommodation is in the expected amplitude range for all children of these ages.
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- Wikström, Ann-Charlott, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Technology -an actor in the ICU : a study in workplace research tradition.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 13:5, s. 555-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The present study focuses on human-machine interaction in an intensive care unit in the West of Sweden. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to explore how technology intervenes and challenges the ICU staff's knowing in practice. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE: The study's theoretical starting point draws on workplace research tradition. Workplace studies encompass the interaction between the actors' situated activities and the technological tools that make their activities possible. METHOD: Fieldwork or in situ studies of everyday practice in an intensive care unit documented in written field notes constituted the data. RESULTS: The findings show first how technology intervenes in the division of labour when the taken-for-granted "old" everyday practice is disrupted when a new machine intervenes in the morning's work; secondly, it reveal how technology challenges practical knowing and thirdly, it shows how technology reformulates practice. Staff members' awareness of routine problems is often connected to the ability to see, which is always related to cultural/contextual competence. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that it is not talk alone that helps the caregivers to "(dis)solve" the problems. The ability to see the problems, the work environment and to find the relevant supporting tools for "(dis)solving" the routine problems is also crucial. But it is not possible to say that it is the skillful work of humans that solve problems, nor do we claim it is the tools that do so. Humans and tools are interwoven in the problem-solving process. Relevance to clinical practice. Routine problems in the intensive care unit are not "(dis)solved" through the cognitive work of individual staff members alone. Problems are also "(dis)solved" jointly with other staff members. Staff members "borrow" the knowing from each other and problems are re-represented through communication. The knowing has to be distributed among the intensive care unit staff to make the everyday work flexible.
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