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Sökning: LAR1:gu > (2010) > Chalmers tekniska högskola

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1.
  • Adams, Kelly L., et al. (författare)
  • Steady-State Electrochemical Determination of Lipidic Nanotube Diameter Utilizing an Artificial Cell Model
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 82:3, s. 1020-1026
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By exploiting the capabilities of steady-state electrochemical measurements, we have measured the inner diameter of a lipid nanotube using Fick’s first law of diffusion in conjunction with an imposed linear concentration gradient of electroactive molecules over the length of the nanotube. Fick’s law has been used in this way to provide a direct relationship between the nanotube diameter and the measurable experimental parameters Δi (change in current) and nanotube length. Catechol was used to determine the Δi attributed to its flux out of the nanotube. Comparing the nanotube diameter as a function of nanotube length revealed that membrane elastic energy was playing an important role in determining the size of the nanotube and was different when the tube was connected to either end of two vesicles or to a vesicle on one end and a pipet tip on the other. We assume that repulsive interaction between neck regions can be used to explain the trends observed. This theoretical approach based on elastic energy considerations provides a qualitative description consistent with experimental data.
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2.
  • Adiels, Martin, 1976, et al. (författare)
  • Optimization of N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide as a derivatization agent for determining isotopic enrichment of glycerol in very-low density lipoproteins.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM. - : Wiley. - 1097-0231 .- 0951-4198. ; 24:5, s. 586-592
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Stable isotope kinetic studies play an important role in the study of very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) metabolism, including basic and clinical research. Today, [1,1,2,3,3-(2)H(5)]glycerol is the most cost-effective alternative to measure glycerol and triglyceride kinetics. Recycling of glycerol from glycolysis and gluconeogenesis may lead to incompletely labelled tracer molecules. Many existing methods for the measurement of glycerol isotopic enrichment involve the production of glycerol derivatives that result in fragmentation of the glycerol molecule after ionization. It would be favourable to measure the intact tracer molecule since incompletely labelled tracer molecules may be measured as fully labelled. The number of methods available to measure the intact tracer in biological samples is limited. The aim of this project was to develop a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for glycerol enrichment that measures the intact glycerol backbone and is suitable for electron ionization (EI), which is widely available. A previously published method for N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) derivatization was significantly improved; we produced a stable derivative and increased recovery 27-fold in standards. We used the optimized MTBSTFA method in VLDL-triglyceride and found that further modification was required to take matrix effects into account. We now have a robust method to measure glycerol isotopic enrichment by GC/EI-MS that can be used to rule out the known problem of tracer recycling in studies of VLDL kinetics. Copyright (c) 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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3.
  • Ahlgren, Cecilia, 1946, et al. (författare)
  • High risk of MS in Iranian immigrants in Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 16:9, s. 1079-1082
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: In this study we investigated the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) in migrants who had moved from Iran to Gothenburg, Sweden. METHODS: Patients born in Iran were retrieved from a population-based cohort, which included 534 MS and clinically isolated syndrome patients, born 1959-1990, aged 10-39 years at disease onset in Gothenburg. The expected versus observed number of migrants from Iran was calculated. RESULTS: The MS risk in the Iranian migrants in Gothenburg was several times higher than in Isfahan, Iran (hazard ratio 3.88, 95% confidence interval 2.17-6.40). Compared with the general population of Gothenburg, the observed number of 17 Iranian patients was higher than the expected value of 9.89 (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.75). CONCLUSION: Migration from a medium-risk to a high-risk area may increase the MS risk to that of the high-risk area.
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4.
  • Ahlström, Bodil, 1968 (författare)
  • Structure, phase behavior, and dynamics of colloidal systems characterized by strong, short- and moderate-ranged attractions: a computational study
  • 2010
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Attractions between colloidal particles are often so strong that non-equilibrium behavior results. However, dissolved non-adsorbing polymer can be added to give a weak attraction between particles so that equilibrium phase transitions appear at moderate polymer concentrations. At higher polymer concentrations and small polymer-colloid size ratios non-equilibrium effects like gelation occur, for which a complete understanding is lacking. Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo-like computer simulations have been used to investigate the role of many-body effects and the structures that colloidal particles adopt under influence of a polymer-induced depletion attraction. The phase diagram proves difficult to determine for these systems by direct application of the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method, especially for small polymer-colloid size ratios that correspond to short-range attractions. However, a sequential equilibration scheme is shown be able to give equilibrated fluid-fluid coexistence data where usual application of the method fails. The dynamics of colloidal particles along this fluid-fluid coexistence curve is studied by a Brownian dynamics algorithm, corrected for the use of a large time step. The dynamics slows down as the particle and polymer concentrations are increased, but the systems appear to reach equilibrium for the cases studied. This is in contrast to what is found by applying mode coupling theory; it predicts glass-like transitions already at modest polymer concentrations for short-range attractive systems, which is an issue that is investigated to some extent. In addition, a number of approximate theories have been developed and tested against the results from the computer simulations.
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5.
  • Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of co-doping on proton conductivity in perovskite oxides BaZr0.9In0.05M0.05O3−δ (M = Yb3+ or Ga3+)
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199. ; 35:12, s. 6381-6391
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BaZr0.9In0.05M0.05O3-d (M ¼ Ga3+ or Yb3+) has been prepared by solid-statesynthesis route.Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data on as-prepared samples showed thatboth samples crystallise in the cubic space group Pm-3m. Scanning electron microscopyanalysis showed that the grains intheBaZr0.9In0.05Ga0.05O3-d sample were larger than the BaZr0.9In0.05Yb0.05O3-d sample. Dynamic thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the proton concentration was higher inpre-hydrated BaZr0.9In0.05Ga0.05O3-d sample (40%oftheoretical)than that of BaZr0.9In0.05Yb0.05O3-d sample (28%oftheoretical).Proton conductivity was studied on pre-hydrated samples(under both dry and wetAr atmospheres).Thebulk proton conductivities of the heating cycle of pre-hydrated BaZr0.9In0.05M0.05O3-d (M ¼ Ga3+ or Yb3+) samples were 2.1 * 10-5 S cm-1 and 1.9 * 10-4 Scm-1 at 350C, respectively.The effect of co-doping onproton conductivity was investigatedand the results are compared with single doped systems e.g. BaZr0.9M0.1O3-d (M=Ga3+, In3+ orYb3+) samples.
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6.
  • Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Improved Proton Conductivity in Spark-Plasma Sintered Dense Ceramic BaZr0.5In0.5O3-delta
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Electrochemical and Solid State Letters. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 1099-0062 .- 1944-8775. ; 13:11, s. B130-B134
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Spark-plasma sintering method was used to prepare dense proton conducting perovskite oxide BaZr0.5In0.5O3-delta. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the sample adopt the cubic crystal structure having the space group Pm3m. Thermogravimetric analysis of prehydrated samples showed significant mass losses beyond 300 degrees C due to loss of protons as water vapor. Scanning electron microscope images show that the grain size of the spark-plasma sintered dense sample was smaller than that of solid-state sintered porous sample. The highest total proton conductivity (2 X 10(-3) S cm(-1) at 450 degrees C) was found for dense spark-plasma sintered sample under wet H-2 than the samples prepared by other routes.
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7.
  • Ahmed, Istaq, 1972, et al. (författare)
  • Proton Conductivity in Mixed B-Site Doped Perovskite Oxide BaZr[sub 0.5]In[sub 0.25]Yb[sub 0.25]O[sub 3 - delta]
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of The Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 157:12, s. B1819-B1824
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A wet chemical route was used to prepare the oxygen deficient codoped perovskite oxide BaZr0.5In0.25Yb0.25O3−. Analysis of X-ray powder diffraction data showed that the sample belongs to the cubic crystal system with space group Pmm. Dynamic thermogravimetric (TG) analysis confirmed complete filling of oxygen vacancies (V) by protonic defects (OH) during the hydration process. The proton conductivity was investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The bulk and total conductivities of prehydrated BaZr0.5In0.25Yb0.25O3− were found to be 8.5×10−4 and 2.2×10−5 S cm−1, respectively, at 300°C. The total conductivity in the codoped perovskite oxide was higher compared to that of the respective single doped perovskite oxides with the same doping level. The bulk and grain-boundary mobility and diffusion coefficients of protons were calculated at 200°C using impedance and TG data to obtain the conductivity and proton concentration, respectively. The high bulk diffusivity (2.3×10−7 cm2 s−1) was obtained which indicates that the protons are more free to move in the heavily doped matrix compared to the lightly doped systems where trapping of protons occurs.
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8.
  • Albin, Patrik, 1960, et al. (författare)
  • A New Proof of an Old Result by Pickands
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Electronic Communications in Probability. - 1083-589X. ; 15, s. 339-345
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Let {xi(t)}(t is an element of[0,h]) be a stationary Gaussian process with covariance function r such that r(t) = 1 - C vertical bar t vertical bar(alpha) + o(vertical bar t vertical bar(alpha)) as t -> 0. We give a new and direct proof of a result originally obtained by Pickands, on the asymptotic behaviour as u -> infinity of the probability P{sup(t is an element of vertical bar 0,h vertical bar) xi(t) > u} that the process xi exceeds the level u. As a by-product, we obtain a new expression for Pickands constant H alpha
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9.
  • Alexanderson, Camilla, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats.
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 122:1-3, s. 82-90
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor alpha, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor alpha was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
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10.
  • Alipour, Salar, 1984, et al. (författare)
  • Circuit level, static power, and logic level power analyses
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology, EIT2010, Normal, IL, United States, 20-22 May 2010. - 2154-0357. - 9781424468737
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Analyzing power consumption is a major factor in CMOS electronic design procedure. Power estimation approaches are more complicated than area and delay estimation since they depend on several factors such as signal transitions, clock frequency, CMOS technology, circuit's design and etc. This article describes different components of power dissipation in CMOS circuits such as Short Circuit, Static and Dynamic power, as a background to ease the way of further discussion on estimation methods. The major concept of the paper presents some power estimation methods at circuit and logic level and also static power analyses. Two main logic level estimation methods, Simulation-Based and probabilistic techniques are briefly described. The paper is finalized by comparison of the result of different power estimation method on an ALU circuit.
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