| 1. |
- Adams, Kelly L., et al.
(författare)
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Steady-State Electrochemical Determination of Lipidic Nanotube Diameter Utilizing an Artificial Cell Model
- 2010
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Ingår i: Analytical Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-6882 .- 0003-2700. ; 82:3, s. 1020-1026
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By exploiting the capabilities of steady-state electrochemical measurements, we have measured the inner diameter of a lipid nanotube using Fick’s first law of diffusion in conjunction with an imposed linear concentration gradient of electroactive molecules over the length of the nanotube. Fick’s law has been used in this way to provide a direct relationship between the nanotube diameter and the measurable experimental parameters Δi (change in current) and nanotube length. Catechol was used to determine the Δi attributed to its flux out of the nanotube. Comparing the nanotube diameter as a function of nanotube length revealed that membrane elastic energy was playing an important role in determining the size of the nanotube and was different when the tube was connected to either end of two vesicles or to a vesicle on one end and a pipet tip on the other. We assume that repulsive interaction between neck regions can be used to explain the trends observed. This theoretical approach based on elastic energy considerations provides a qualitative description consistent with experimental data.
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| 2. |
- Cans, Ann-Sofie, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Tools to monitor exocytosis: a focus on new fluorescent probes and methods
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cellscience Reviews. - 1742-8130. ; 6:3, s. 104-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A great deal of research has been focused on unraveling the processes governing the exocytotic pathway and the extent of release during the process. Arguments abound for and against both the occurrence and significance of full release during exocytosis and partial release including kiss-and-run events. Several optical methods to directly observe the exocytosis process have been developed and here we focus on fluorescence methods and probes for this work. Although, fluorescence imaging has been used for cell experiments for decades, in the last two decades a plethora of new approaches has arrived on the scene. These include application of new microscopy techniques, like total internal reflectance and stimulated emission depletion that are offering new ways to circumvent the limits of far field microscopy with diffraction limit of 200 nm, and allow tracking of single synaptic vesicles. For selective imaging of synaptic vesicles the introduction of methods to stain the vesicular compartment have involved developing probes of the vesicular membrane and intravesicular solution, nanoparticle quantum dots that can be observed during exocytosis but not via the fusion pore, and fluorescent false neurotransmitters.
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| 3. |
- Mellander, Lisa J., et al.
(författare)
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Electrochemical Probes for Spatial Detection of Exocytosis and Vesicles
- 2010
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Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 11:13, s. 2756-2763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unraveling the mechanistic details of neurotransmitter exocytosis is arguably among the most important molecular problems in neuroscience today. Investigations at single cells, particularly with electrochemical methods, have given unique chemical and biological insight into this process at the fundamental level. The rapid response time (submillisecond) of microelectrodes makes them well suited for monitoring the dynamic process of exocytosis. We review here recent developments in electrochemical techniques to spatially and simultaneously detect exocytosis across a single cell and to measure the transmitter content of single vesicles removed from cells. The former method is used to demonstrate dynamic heterogeneity in release across a cell, and in the latter work comparison is made between vesicle content and release to conclude that only a fraction of the transmitter is released during full exocytosis.
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| 4. |
- Omiatek, Donna, et al.
(författare)
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Analytical approaches to investigate transmitter content and release from single secretory vesicles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 397:8, s. 3269-3279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vesicle serves as the primary intracellular unit for the highly efficient storage and release of chemical messengers triggered during signaling processes in the nervous system. This review highlights conventional and emerging analytical methods that have used microscopy, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy to resolve the location, time course, and quantal content characteristics of neurotransmitter release. Particular focus is on the investigation of the synaptic vesicle and its involvement in the fundamental molecular mechanisms of cell communication.
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