| 1. |
- Behrns, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Aphasia and text writing
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders. - 1368-2822. ; 45:2, s. 230-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Good writing skills are needed in almost every aspect of life today, and there is a growing interest in research into acquired writing difficulties. Most of the findings reported so far, however, are based on words produced in isolation. The present study deals with the production of entire texts.Aims:The aim was to characterize written narratives produced by a group of participants with aphasia.Methods & Procedures:Eight persons aged 28–63 years with aphasia took part in the study. They were compared with a reference group consisting of ten participants aged 21–30 years. All participants were asked to write a personal narrative titled ‘I have never been so afraid’ and to perform a picture-based story-generation task called the ‘Frog Story’. The texts were written on a computer.Outcome & Results: The group could be divided into participants with low, moderate, and high general performance, respectively. The texts written by the participants in the group with moderate and high writing performance had comparatively good narrative structure despite indications of difficulties on other linguistic levels.Conclusions & Implications:Aphasia appeared to influence text writing on different linguistic levels. The impact on overall structure and coherence was in line with earlier findings from the analysis of spoken and written discourse and the implication of this is that the written modality should also be included in language rehabilitation.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Claes, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Musikklassrummet i blickfånget
- 2010
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The point of departure of this study is an interest in discussing how the aesthetics of the market and the music culture of the pupils are expressed in music teaching in Swedish schools, and how these factors are transformed or whether any ideological dilemma arises when we strive to put the music culture of the pupils into practice in the everyday music teaching. In four previous projects with different foci, we have studied aesthetic activities in the school environment. Those studies were a source of inspiration for and a backdrop to this study.The theoretical framework consists of poststructuralist and social constructionist theory as well as theories of late modernity, while our methodological point of departure is a combination of continental and Anglo-Saxon approaches to discourse analysis, modified to suit our purposes.The empirical material consists of video recordings of classroom activities in secondary school settings in Sweden, and the data has been thoroughly analysed using analytical tools developed in accordance with our methodological approaches. Some important analytical concepts used here are identity, dominance, governance and knowledge formation.Our findings indicate that:- There are three different strategies for incorporating market aesthetics and the music culture of the pupils into everyday music teaching: learning about, reflecting on and putting into practice.- The only ideological dilemma occurred when the pupils´music culture was put into practice in everyday music teaching .The problem was that one of the teachers had what might be considered as an over-determined identity. He found it difficult to establish a balance between the need of the pupils for freedom of expression and the teachers’ opinions regarding what was appropriate in the school environment.- Music making activities in small groups was unsuccessful because the pupils were not yet good enough at the skills needed for composing music and playing together unsupervised.- Schools are "task-oriented" in a way that is counterproductive to creativity in music making.- Six different strategies of governance in the classrooms could be identified: through charisma and competence, through delegating responsibility, through making mantras of instructions and examination strategies, through creating solidarity or polarization, through disciplining the body and organisation of time and space and through ignoring problematic situations.- Popular music was presented as a canon similar to the canon of art music that is predominant in the teaching of music history at school.
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| 3. |
- Ericsson, Claes, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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The Music Classroom in Focus
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nordic Research in Music Education. - Oslo : Norges musikkhøgskole. - 0333-3760. ; 12, s. 101-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is based on a larger research project with the purpose to study how market aesthetics and student’s music culture are expressed in the Swedish music classroom. The empirical material consists of video observations of classroom activities in secondary school settings in Sweden. The theoretical framework consists of poststructuralist and social constructionist theory combined with theories of late modernity, while our methodological point of departure is discourse analysis. Some important analytical concepts are identity, dominance, governance and knowledge formation. Three different strategies for incorporating market aesthetics and students’ music culture into music education were identified: learning about, reflecting on and applying. An ideological dilemma occurred when the fostering mission of school was confronted with the will to meet the students’ demands for freedom of expression. The results of the project also suggest that standardised and regulated forms of activity were counterproductive to creativity in music making. Six different strategies of gentle governance in the music classroom were identified. Popular music was presented by the teachers in a way analogous to the canon of art music that is predominant in the teaching of music history at school.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Forssén, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Wind Turbine Noise Propagation over Flat Ground: Measurements and Predictions
- 2010
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Ingår i: Acta Acustica united with Acustica. - 1610-1928. ; 96:4, s. 753-7608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noise from wind turbines is of concern in the planning process of new wind farms, and accurate estimations of immission noise levels at residents nearby are required. Sound propagation from wind turbine to receiver could be modelled by a simplified standard model assuming constant meteorological conditions, by an engineering method taking atmospheric and ground propagation conditions into account, or by a more exact model. Epidemiological studies have found a higher frequency of annoyance due to wind turbine noise than to other community noise sources at equal noise levels, indicating that the often used simplified model is not sufficient. This paper evaluates the variation of immission sound levels under the influence of meteorological variation and explores if the prediction of levels could be improved by taking the effect of wind speed on sound propagation into account. Long-term sound recordings and measurements at a distance of 530 m from a wind turbine show that the simplified standard model predicts the average sound pressure levels satisfactorily under downwind conditions, and that a more complex propagation model might not be needed for wind turbine noise at a relatively short distance. Large variations of sound immission levels at the same wind speed were however present. Statistical analysis revealed that these variations were influenced by meteorological parameters, such as temperature, static pressure and deviation from ideal downwind direction. The overall results indicate that meteorological factors influence the noise generated by the wind turbine rather than the sound propagation.
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| 6. |
- Haraldsson, Katarina, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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What makes the everyday life of Swedish adolescent girls less stressful: a qualitative analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL. - 0957-4824. ; 25:2, s. 192-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress is a widespread phenomenon in society today, not least among children and adolescents. Stress-related ill-health has increased in this population and affects girls to a greater extent than boys. Against this background, it is important to acquire knowledge about measures that prevent stress, especially in girls. The aim of this study was therefore to illuminate adolescent girls' experiences and reflections about what makes everyday life less stressful. An explorative design, qualitative content analysis, was used. In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen 17-year-old girls. The analysis comprised both manifest and latent content and revealed the girls' own experiences of and reflections about what makes everyday life less stressful. Three categories, 'Enjoyment and Recovery', 'Trust' and 'Insight and Influence', and nine subcategories emerged. The latent content of these categories is described by the theme 'access to sources of strength'. It is essential that persons in the girls' surroundings are aware of all sources that provide the strength to resist and prevent stress in everyday life. A climate has to be created in all arenas of the girls' everyday life in which they can access these sources of strength. Utilizing the girls' experiences and views about what needs to be done is the first step towards a preventive and promotive mode of working on their own circumstances and wishes. This approach is consistent with the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which emphasizes the importance of involving the target group.
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| 7. |
- Hildingh, Cathrine, et al.
(författare)
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The association among hypertension and reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances : a population study
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318. ; 24:2, s. 366-371
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypertension (HP) is a serious condition affecting about one quarter of all adults, both men and women. Genetic and environmental factors are of importance in its aetiology, while psychosocial factors may also play a role. This study focused on psychosocial factors and examined the association among reduced psychological well-being, anxiety, sleep disturbances and HP by comparing people with HP and the general population. A national survey of 12 166 individuals (hypertensives n = 2047; rest of population n = 10 119) was conducted using two-step multiple logistic regression with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. The study is in accordance with Swedish legislation pertaining to ethics. Reduced psychological well-being, anxiety and sleep disturbances were higher in the HP group and, in addition, reduced psychological well-being was, still higher in the presence of severe anxiety and serious sleep disturbances. These three factors are of major importance for HP, but it is difficult to know whether they are causes or consequences. In order to prevent HP, support for people who exhibit such risk factors should be a matter of high priority.
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| 8. |
- Jansson, Inger, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of documented nursing care plans by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294. ; 16:3, s. 611-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Rationale and aim: There is a lack of evidence that nursing care plans affect patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether documented nursing care plans affect patient outcomes by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional design with patients surveyed at time of discharge from two hospital units for patients with stroke and after 2-3 weeks at home. The control unit (A) did not employ care plans. The intervention unit (B) used care plans on a daily basis. Outcome was measured by 'the National Stroke Register' and the two questionnaires: 'Quality of patients' perspective' and 'Euroquol five dimensions'. Data were collected over a 5-month period (October 2007-February 2008). Results: In total, 87 patients were included in the study. Patient characteristics in the two groups at admission and the health-related quality of life 2 to 3 weeks after discharge were similar. The patients from unit B were more satisfied with individual care (P = 0.03) and participation (P = 0.007). Unit B also had a shorter length of stay (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The effects of documented care plans are difficult to evaluate from a patient perspective, as many factors can improve the outcome. However, documentation of care plans is a prerequisite for measuring the quality and outcome of the care provided. This small study indicates that documented care plans may affect patient satisfaction regarding individual care, participation and length of hospital stay.
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| 9. |
- Jansson, Inger
(författare)
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Planerad processorienterad omvårdnad – nytta och implementering
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- To ensure the provision of good and safe nursing care in the ward, the nursing needs of each patient should be established and clearly documented in the form of care plans in his/her medical record. There is a lack of scientific evidence of the benefits of this method of working as well as why this part of the nursing process is not always successful. The main aim of this thesis was to describe the assessment and decision-making process pertaining to nursing needs performed by nurses, to evaluate the consequences of planned, process oriented nursing care and to identify the factors and conditions that have had an impact on the implementation of individual care plans (ICP) and standardized care plans (SCP). In studies I and III, qualitative methods were used. In study I, data collection and analysis were carried out by means of Grounded theory. Study III was conducted by means of directed content analysis and guided by “The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework”. In studies II and IV, quantitative methods were employed. The benefits of a planned, process oriented method of working involving documentation of care plans have been investigated from the perspective of both the patient and the nurse. Nurses who applied the process oriented method adopted a nursing perspective in the assessment of and decision making pertaining to the patient’s nursing needs, which was not the case with nurses who did not work in this way and who instead exhibited a more medical approach (I). Patients cared for in wards where care plans were documented reported being more involved and that the care was more tailored to their individual needs compared to those not cared for in this manner (II). Leadership that prioritises the development of nursing care is essential for the implementation and continued use of ICPs and SCPs. Another important factor was the presence of internal facilitators in the ward in the form of nurses with a clear mandate to work with these issues. The nurses reported that they did not discuss scientific evidence as a basis for performing planned process oriented nursing care and that they did not listen to patient experiences to any great extent (III, IV). The conclusion is that structured, process oriented nursing care based on written care plans probably promotes the nursing perspective and enables patient participation. Leadership as well as facilitators with a clear role and mandate are important factors in the implementation of this method of working and scientific evidence is of less importance.
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| 10. |
- Josefsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Motivation till motion och fysisk aktivitet
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hälsa och Livsstil : forskning och praktiska tillämpningar. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144058405 - 978-91-44-05840-5 ; s. 207-225
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt)
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