| 1. |
- A.O., Tillmar, et al.
(författare)
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Using X-chromosomal markers in relationship testing: : How to calculate likelihood ratios taking linkage and linkage disequilibrium into account
- 2011
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Ingår i: Forensic Science International : Genetics. - Elsevier. - 1872-4973. ; 5:5, s. 506-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-chromosomal markers in forensic genetics have become more widely used during the recent years, particularly for relationship testing. Linkage and linkage disequilibrium (LD) must typically be accounted for when using close X-chromosomal markers. Thus, when producing the weight-of-evidence, given by a DNA-analysis with markers that are linked, the normally used product rule is invalid. Here we present an efficient model for calculating likelihood ratio (LR) with markers on the X-chromosome which are linked and in LD. Furthermore, the model was applied on several cases based on data from the eight X-chromosomal loci included in the Mentype® Argus X-8 (Biotype). Using a simulation approach we showed that the use of X-chromosome data can offer valuable information for choosing between the alternatives in each of the cases we studied, and that the LR can be high in several cases. We demonstrated that when linkage and LD were disregarded, as opposed to taken into account, the difference in calculated LR could be considerable. When these differences were large, the estimated haplotype frequencies often had a strong impact and we present a method to estimate haplotype frequencies. Our conclusion is that linkage and LD should be accounted for when using the tested set of markers, and the presented model is an efficient way of doing so.
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| 2. |
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A Sampler of International Media and Communication Statistics 2010
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt)abstract
- The contemporary media culture raises more complex issues than ever before. Digital technologies, and advances of media such as the Internet, have driven the development. In this changing media landscape, traditional media, such as television, radio and newspapers, remain powerful, but their preconditions are affected. ‘A Sampler of International Media and Communication Statistics 2010’ is a collection and compilation of statistics from a large number of sources. The aim of the publication is to provide a comprehensive overview of international media and communication statistics, primarily concerning television and the Internet, but also, to a lesser extent, newspapers and radio. The emphasis of this publication is on the Internet and television. These two sections are divided into two parts, respectively ‘The world’ for comparisons between different parts of the world, and in ‘Regions’ for comparisons within different parts of the globe.
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| 3. |
- Abbas, Abdul-Karim, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Emetine treatment masks initial LTP without affecting long-term stability.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Brain research. - 1872-6240. ; 1426, s. 18-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Applying emetine, a protein synthesis inhibitor, at 20-40μM for 90-120min prior to LTP induction in hippocampal slices from young rats (2-3weeks) and washing it out afterwards revealed a slowly developing potentiation that reached maximum after 20-30min, distinct from the LTP observed under normal conditions. Nevertheless, the later phase of this potentiation was similar to standard LTP as judged by experiments lasting up to 8h after induction. Emetine preapplication for 3h without subsequent washout resulted in a substantial decay of evoked responses. By comparison between test and control pathways, LTP could still be assessed in these experiments for up to 4-6h after induction and was found not to differ from normal, except for the slow onset. The NMDA-R blocker AP5 fully blocked LTP; however, with emetine pretreatment there was an initial depression of responses with a gradual recovery during 20-30min. This depression involved not only the field EPSP but also the presynaptic fiber volley. However, when using the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and anisomycin there was essentially no such depression. In conclusion, the present results support the idea that preexisting proteins are sufficient for inducing stable LTP. Moreover, emetine but not anisomycin or cycloheximide impairs presynaptic action potentials, leading to an apparent slow onset of LTP. The emetine-dependent effect could be due to a characteristic blocking spectrum of the drug, preferred targeting of presynaptic compartments or effects unrelated to protein synthesis.
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| 4. |
- Abbas, Zareen, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis, characterization and particle size distribution of TiO2 colloidal nanoparticles
- 2011
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. ; 384:1-3, s. 254-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles of controlled size, well defined shape, pure phase and of clean surfaces are ideal model systems to investigate surface/interfacial reactions. In this study we have explored the possibility of synthesizing TiO2 nanoparticles in the size range of 7–20 nm under well controlled experimental conditions. A simple method based on the hydrolysis of TiCl4 was used to obtain particles having surfaces free from organics. Stable dispersions of TiO2 nanoparticles of various sizes were obtained by optimizing the reaction/dialysis time and temperature. The synthesized TiO2 particles were found to be predominantly of anatase phase and narrow particle size distributions were obtained. The TiO2 particles were characterized with respect to their phase, size and shape by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. Particle size distribution in a colloidal dispersion was obtained by the electrospray scanning mobility particle sizer (ES-SMPS) method and compared with an average particle size determined from dynamic light scattering (DLS). The average particle sizes obtained by the DLS and ES-SMPS methods were in good agreement, while a primary particle size of 4 nm was found in X-ray diffraction irrespective of the particle size in solution. Early stages of the nucleation process were monitored by the ES-SMPS method. These results show that small particles of 4–5 nm are initially formed and it is highly likely that large particles are formed due to aggregation of primary particles.
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| 5. |
- Abbott, Allan D., et al.
(författare)
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Leg pain and psychological variables predict outcome 2-3 years after lumbar fusion surgery.
- 2011
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Ingår i: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. - 1432-0932.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction studies testing a thorough range of psychological variables in addition to demographic, work-related and clinical variables are lacking in lumbar fusion surgery research. This prospective cohort study aimed at examining predictions of functional disability, back pain and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 2-3 years after lumbar fusion by regressing nonlinear relations in a multivariate predictive model of pre-surgical variables. Before and 2-3 years after lumbar fusion surgery, patients completed measures investigating demographics, work-related variables, clinical variables, functional self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, fear of movement/(re)injury, mental health and pain coping. Categorical regression with optimal scaling transformation, elastic net regularization and bootstrapping were used to investigate predictor variables and address predictive model validity. The most parsimonious and stable subset of pre-surgical predictor variables explained 41.6, 36.0 and 25.6% of the variance in functional disability, back pain intensity and HRQOL 2-3 years after lumbar fusion. Pre-surgical control over pain significantly predicted functional disability and HRQOL. Pre-surgical catastrophizing and leg pain intensity significantly predicted functional disability and back pain while the pre-surgical straight leg raise significantly predicted back pain. Post-operative psychomotor therapy also significantly predicted functional disability while pre-surgical outcome expectations significantly predicted HRQOL. For the median dichotomised classification of functional disability, back pain intensity and HRQOL levels 2-3 years post-surgery, the discriminative ability of the prediction models was of good quality. The results demonstrate the importance of pre-surgical psychological factors, leg pain intensity, straight leg raise and post-operative psychomotor therapy in the predictions of functional disability, back pain and HRQOL-related outcomes.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Abdalrahim, Maysoon S, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of postoperative pain management program on improving nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward pain
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nurse Education in Practice. - 1471-5953. ; 11:4, s. 250-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective postoperative pain treatment is an essential component to good quality of care. The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ knowledge of and attitudes toward pain in surgical wards before and after implementation of a postoperative management program at a university hospital in Jordan. The program consisted of an education program for nurses, and its effect was evaluated by using a pre- and post-intervention design. Sixty five registered nurses were asked to respond to a 21 items questionnaire, and a total of 240 patients’ records were audited. After implementation of the program, the mean scores for all the questionnaire items were found to increase to 75%, with an average of 16/21 for the correct answers. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the number of correct answers between nurses’ responses in the pre-intervention phase and their responses in the post-intervention phase for most of the questionnaire items. Also, there was a statistically significant improvement in the documentation of patients’ care in 85% of the audited patients’ records. It was recommended to introduce an acute pain services (APS) using a well established and safe pain management routines to increase the quality of care.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abel, Frida, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A 6-gene signature identifies four molecular subgroups of neuroblastoma
- 2011
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Ingår i: Cancer Cell International. - 1475-2867. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Background There are currently three postulated genomic subtypes of the childhood tumour neuroblastoma (NB); Type 1, Type 2A, and Type 2B. The most aggressive forms of NB are characterized by amplification of the oncogene MYCN (MNA) and low expression of the favourable marker NTRK1. Recently, mutations or high expression of the familial predisposition gene Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) was associated to unfavourable biology of sporadic NB. Also, various other genes have been linked to NB pathogenesis. Results The present study explores subgroup discrimination by gene expression profiling using three published microarray studies on NB (47 samples). Four distinct clusters were identified by Principal Components Analysis (PCA) in two separate data sets, which could be verified by an unsupervised hierarchical clustering in a third independent data set (101 NB samples) using a set of 74 discriminative genes. The expression signature of six NB-associated genes ALK, BIRC5, CCND1, MYCN, NTRK1, and PHOX2B, significantly discriminated the four clusters (p < 0.05, one-way ANOVA test). PCA clusters p1, p2, and p3 were found to correspond well to the postulated subtypes 1, 2A, and 2B, respectively. Remarkably, a fourth novel cluster was detected in all three independent data sets. This cluster comprised mainly 11q-deleted MNA-negative tumours with low expression of ALK, BIRC5, and PHOX2B, and was significantly associated with higher tumour stage, poor outcome and poor survival compared to the Type 1-corresponding favourable group (INSS stage 4 and/or dead of disease, p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Conclusions Based on expression profiling we have identified four molecular subgroups of neuroblastoma, which can be distinguished by a 6-gene signature. The fourth subgroup has not been described elsewhere, and efforts are currently made to further investigate this group's specific characteristics.
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