| 1. |
- Fröberg, Andreas, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an Empowerment-Based Health-Promotion School Intervention on Physical Activity and Sedentary Time among Adolescents in a Multicultural Area
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - Basel : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 15:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Physical activity (PA) decreases with age, and interventions are needed to promote PA during adolescence, especially, among those in low-socioeconomic status (SES) areas. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention had any effects on changes in (a) moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), (b) sedentary time (SED), (c) exercise training (ET) frequency, and (d) ET duration, among adolescents. Participants (aged 12-13 years at baseline) from one intervention school and two control schools, were recruited from a multicultural area of Sweden, characterized by low-SES. During the course of the two-year intervention, a total of 135 participants (43% boys) were included in the study. The intervention was developed and implemented as a result of cooperation and shared decision-making among the researchers and the participants. MVPA and SED were measured with accelerometers, and ET frequency and duration was self-reported at the beginning of the seventh, eighth, and ninth grade, respectively. There were no significant effects of the two-year, empowerment-based health-promotion school intervention on changes in the accelerometer-measured MVPA and SED, or the self-reported ET frequency and duration, among the adolescents. Overall, the intervention was unsuccessful at promoting PA and reducing SED. Several possible explanations for the intervention's lack of effects are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial stress as a predictor of injury in elite junior soccer : A latent growth curve analysis
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - Chatswood : Elsevier BV. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 17:4, s. 366-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate by use of a latent growth curve analysis framework whether athletes' individual levels and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population. Design: A prospective design with repeated measurement points. Methods: Participants were 101 Swedish elite junior soccer players (67 males and 34 females). Ten sets of measures were taken on a weekly basis during which participants completed the Hassles and Uplifts Scale (HUS). Latent growth curve models were used to examine whether the level and change in psychological stress could predict the frequency of injury over the 10-week period. Results: The results show that injury occurrence was significantly associated with both the initial level of daily hassle and the change in daily hassle. High initial daily hassle levels and a smaller decrease in daily hassles were associated with injury occurrence. Moreover, injury occurrence was significantly associated with a greater decrease in daily uplift. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of focusing on state variables using prospective designs and appropriate analysis of within-person change to detect complex and dynamic associations across time in injury-prediction research. (C) 2013 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Things We Still Haven't Learned (So Far)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 37:4, s. 449-461
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is like an immortal horse that some researchers have been trying to beat to death for over 50 years but without any success. In this article we discuss the flaws in NHST, the historical background in relation to both Fisher's and Neyman and Pearson's statistical ideas, the common misunderstandings of what p < .05 actually means, and the 2010 APA publication manual's clear, but most often ignored, instructions to report effect sizes and to interpret what they all mean in the real world. In addition, we discuss how Bayesian statistics can be used to overcome some of the problems with NHST. We then analyze quantitative articles published over the past three years (2012-2014) in two top-rated sport and exercise psychology journals to determine whether we have learned what we should have learned decades ago about our use and meaningful interpretations of statistics.
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| 4. |
- Josefsson, Torbjörn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders : Meta- analysis and systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Malden, United States : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 24:2, s. 259-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous meta-analyses investigating the effect of exercise on depression have included trials where the control condition has been categorized as placebo despite the fact that this particular placebo intervention (e.g., meditation, relaxation) has been recognized as having an antidepressant effect. Because meditation and mindfulness-based interventions are associated with depression reduction, it is impossible to separate the effect of the physical exercise from the meditation-related parts. The present study determined the efficacy of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression compared with no treatment, placebo conditions or usual care among clinically defined depressed adults. Of 89 retrieved studies, 15 passed the inclusion criteria of which 13 studies presented sufficient information for calculating effect sizes. The main result showed a significant large overall effect favoring exercise intervention. The effect size was even larger when only trials that had used no treatment or placebo conditions were analyzed. Nevertheless, effect size was reduced to a moderate level when only studies with high methodological quality were included in the analysis. Exercise may be recommended for people with mild and moderate depression who are willing, motivated, and physically healthy enough to engage in such a program.
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| 5. |
- Rennemark, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Relationships between physical activity and perceived qualities of life in old age. Results of the SNAC-study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 13:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships of different types Quality of life to strenuous and light physical activity in old age. Methods: The Swedish SNAC-Blekinge baseline database, consisting of data on 585 men and 817 women 60 to 96 years of age, was utilized. The independent variables were light and strenuous physical activity. Four dependent variables concerned with various quality of life components were employed (well-being, engagement, emotional support and social anchorage). Age, gender, functional ability and co-morbidity were included as possible confounders. Non-parametric bivariate and multivariate statistical tests were performed. Results: Correlations suggested there to generally be a positive relationship between physical activity and quality of life. Multivariate logistic regression analyses controlling for possible confounders showed light physical activity to increase the odds of experiencing well-being, engagement and social anchorage, whereas strenuous physical activity increased the odds of experiencing engagement and emotional support. Thus, light physical activity and strenuous physical activity differed in their relation to quality of life generally. Conclusions: The results indicate that physical activity has a salutogenic effect by enhancing the quality of life and it can be assumed to be connected to quality of life by generating pleasure and relaxation.
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| 6. |
- Stenling, Andreas, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling in Sport and Exercise Psychology
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology (JSEP). - Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics. - 0895-2779 .- 1543-2904. ; 37:4, s. 410-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bayesian statistics is on the rise in mainstream psychology, but applications in sport and exercise psychology research are scarce. In this article, the foundations of Bayesian analysis are introduced, and we will illustrate how to apply Bayesian structural equation modeling in a sport and exercise psychology setting. More specifically, we contrasted a confirmatory factor analysis on the Sport Motivation Scale II estimated with the most commonly used estimator, maximum likelihood, and a Bayesian approach with weakly informative priors for cross-loadings and correlated residuals. The results indicated that the model with Bayesian estimation and weakly informative priors provided a good fit to the data, whereas the model estimated with a maximum likelihood estimator did not produce a well-fitting model. The reasons for this discrepancy between maximum likelihood and Bayesian estimation are discussed as well as potential advantages and caveats with the Bayesian approach.
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