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- Ottosson, S.
(författare)
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Qualified product concept design needs a proper combination of pencil-aided design and model-aided design before product data management
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of engineering design (Print). - Abingdon : Carfax Publishing. - 0954-4828 .- 1466-1837. ; 9:2, s. 107-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Working with computer-aided design (CAD) tools is not the optimal way of working during the initial stages of new product development, re-engineering product development or production tool development. This is due to the fact that CAD programs force engineers to build the products up from exactly defined details and not from the totality of the concept down to the details. To save time and money malting creative products the engineers instead should gradually proceed from greater roughness in dimensions and shape towards smaller tolerances and well-defined surfaces as the end result captured in product data management (PDM) format. An ideal engineering pathway from project start to production-ready product is rough sketching (pencil-aided design-PAD), rough physical modeling (model aided design-MAD) before different computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools are finally used.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Survey of post-operative patients' pain management
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 5:6, s. 341-349
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although effective pain treatment is available for both cancer-related pain and acute post-operative pain, many patients suffer unnecessarily. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-operative patients' pain management. A descriptive survey study was conducted in a 460-bed acute hospital in the southwestern part of Sweden. One hundred post-operative inpatients, on their second post-operative day, took part in the study. They were consecutively selected from six surgical wards. Data were collected using an interview questionnaire designed by the American Pain Society and analysed by descriptive and inferential statistics. At the time of the interview, 29 of the patients reported moderate to severe pain. Regarding the patients' worst pain experienced during the last 24 h, 79 of them reported moderate to very severe pain. Significant correlations were found between reported poor pain relief after pain medication and high intensity of pain both within the last 24 h and at the time of the interview. Eighty-three patients were satisfied with the way nurses treated their pain, while 64 patients were satisfied with the way physicians treated their pain. However, the higher the pain intensity experienced by the patients the less satisfied they were. The fact that patients do not know what kinds of relief are available may be one reason for the patients expressing satisfaction despite being in pain, another that the patients judge the kindness of the staff rather than their way of treating the pain. The field of pain management is rapidly changing requiring professional knowledge and experience in order to ensure pain management of good quality.
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| 5. |
- Bååth, Lars B., et al.
(författare)
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Imaging with Interferometers
- 1998
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Ingår i: Proceedings SSAB Symposium on Image Analysis. ; , s. 4-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A scanning device based on changes in the reflections of an electromagnetic wave for use on wood the image can be calculated.
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| 6. |
- Bååth, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
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Method for measuring temperature of at least one of gas and a flame in a combustion process
- 1998
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A measuring technique and method are provided to simultaneously determine the molecular density of several molecular species and the temperature within a closed process room in a melting or combustion process. In such processes in the industry, e.g. in metallurgic process industry, it is important to determine the temperature and the contents within the gas or flame without physically connect to or disturb the process. This has shown to raise large problems especially at high temperatures. The radio signal over a frequency band is measured on the outside of the process room through a window in the mantel covering as a function of frequency and registered on a computer as a radio spectrum. The system is calibrated by using a known signal transmitted through the process room. The spectral lines are identified by their frequency from a database. The temperature is determined from several lines of the same molecular specie and the molecular densities are determined from the intensities of the lines. The method is suitable to determine vibrational and rotational excitation of molecular species in the radio wavelength range of 500 m et 30 m. The densities of molecular species and the temperature can be imaged in three dimensions inside the process room or exhaust channel if interferometers are used for simultaneous two dimensional imaging from several azimuth directions.
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| 7. |
- Chu, H.S., et al.
(författare)
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VLBI observations of the puzzling BL Lacertae object 0235+164
- 1996
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : Springer. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 307:1, s. 15-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For over 20 years, many models have been proposed to explain the variability of AO0235+164. Among them, the most favorable has been micro-lensing. We have made a series of VLBI observations on this source in order to better understand its nature. The resultant maps indicate dramatic changes in the position angle of the jet between observations as well as a correlation between the intensity of the VLBI core and flux outbursts which occurred between the observing sessions. These characteristics, in conjunction with other arguments, suggest that the source variability is intrinsic, i.e. microlensing is of minor importance. We suggest two models: 1) a model in which the jet starts at a very small angle to the line of sight and then curves away to become about 6deg at about 1 mas from the core; and 2) a CME (Coronal Mass Ejection) model that also may explain the violent variability in intensity, polarization position angle, and jet direction in AO0235+164.
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| 8. |
- Dimmler, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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On-line arithmetic for real-time control of microsystems
- 1999
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Ingår i: IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics. - Piscataway, NJ : IEEE Press. - 1083-4435 .- 1941-014X. ; 4:2, s. 213-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of microcontrollers within mechanical systems is a current trend. However, decreasing the size of the system and satisfying higher precision requirements make it necessary to reevaluate the common signal processing techniques for controller implementations, because limited controller size, computation speed, and power consumption become major topics. In this paper, we demonstrate that serial computations with the most significant digits first, that is, on-line arithmetic, offer an important potential for real-time control. They enable a combination of traditional functions, such as analog-to-digital converters and control data computations. This leads to very efficient controller implementations with small size, high speed, and low power consumption. After a brief description of the requirements and challenges of microsystem controller design, the use of on-line arithmetic for real-time control is proposed. A short introduction to on-line arithmetic is given and control-specific implementation guidelines are presented and finally applied to a simple test system.
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| 9. |
- Gelzinis, Adas, et al.
(författare)
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Quality function for unsupervised classification and its use in graphic arts
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence. - Japan. ; 3:6, s. 532-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we propose quality function for an unsupervised neural classification. The function is based on the third order polynomials. The objective of the quality function is to find a place of the input space sparse in data points. By maximising the quality function, we find decision boundary between data clusters instead of centres of the clusters. The shape and place of the decision boundary are rather insensitive to the magnitude of the weight vector established during the maximisation process. A superiority of the proposed quality function over other similar functions as well as conventional clustering algorithms tested has been observed in the experiments. The proposed quality function has been successfully used for colour image segmentation.
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| 10. |
- Hellring, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Spark advance control using the ion current and neural soft sensors
- 1999
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Ingår i: SAE transactions. - New York : Society of Automotive Engineers. - 0096-736X. ; 108:03, s. 1590-1595
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two spark advance control systems are outlined; both based on feedback from nonlinear neural network soft sensors and ion current detection. One uses an estimate on the location of the pressure peak and the other uses an estimate of the location of the center of combustion. Both quantities are estimated from the ion current signal using neural networks. The estimates are correct within roughly two crank angle degrees when evaluated on a cycle to cycle basis, and roughly within one crank angle degree when the quantities are averaged over consecutive cycles.The pressure peak detection based control system is demonstrated on a SAAB 9000 car, equipped with a 2.3 liter low-pressure turbo charged engine, during normal highway driving. © 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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