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- Almgren Mason, Suzanne, 1963-
(författare)
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Life in the labyrinth : a reflexive exploration of research and politics
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about exploring the politics within and around research. The starting point is a European project which ran from late 1997 to the end of 2000. It was called "Self-employment activities concerning women and minorities: their success or failure in relation to social citizenship policies" and had as its objective to provide the EU-Commission with recommendations for improved self-employment policies. Background material was complemented by interviews with "experts", but the main source of information was in the form of biographical interviews with the self-employed, or formerly self-employed, themselves. The qualitative method was used as a way of researching how individuals' background and experiences influenced their decision to become self-employed as well as their tendency to use labour market policies available for starting businesses. It was also a way to find out how those policies impacted on the individuals' lives. The consequent recommendations included a suggestion for broadening existing policies to comprise social aspects as well as financial allowances, and also the caution that self-employment was perhaps not the best solution to labour market and social exclusion.This latter doubt arose during project work, as did questions about methodology, the role of the researcher, and eventually about the politics that inform research. Only briefly touched upon in the project reports, these issues instead became the basis for the thesis. A reflexive rereading of the Final Report led to a critical examination of the political uses of concepts and categories, of how stereotypes affect research, and of the embeddedness in ethnocentric discourses of both research and researcher. The use of postcolonial and feminist theory, discourse analysis and a social constructionist perspective broadened the analytical possibilities and furthered understanding of the connections between politics and research. A conclusion is that a comprehensive change in the social order as well as in people's conscience is required to stem ethnic discrimination in society and the perpetuation of stereotypes and preconstructed categories in research.
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Linnea, 1967-
(författare)
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Novation i norr : nya dopnamn och namngivningsmönster i Skelleftebygden 1791-1890
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to examine and elucidate the introduction of new first names and the patterns of name giving from a social perspective based on material from baptismal registers. The region I have chosen to examine is Skellefteå and its surroundings 1791-1890. The point of departure is that the name giving may be considered a symbolic indication of the division between "us" and "them", based on constantly changing taste. During the period under examination, 1791-1890, 71 149 first names occur and 582 of which has been defined as new, i.e. first names that, as far as I know, did not exist in the area before the first example. Seen as the percentage of names occurring within different social groups the largest portion of new first names is introduced by the bourgeoisie and the smallest by the agrarian group.The new first names have been categorised as either a name choice or a name formation, with the former category containing more names than the latter. As regards categories of new names the bourgeoisie predominantly utilize name choice while for the agrarian group name formation predominates.The new pattern of name giving I have examined is the polyname system, which expands from the 18th Century onwards. The custom first grows in the name giving of girls, especially if born into the bourgeoisie. This social group also introduces the custom for the boys. When the custom of giving two names becomes too common in the region the bourgeoisie returns increasingly to one first name for the children, or to three or four names for each child. As regards the order of the new or old names, for boys the old name is generally placed first, especially among the agrarian group, if the two names are even in other respects e.g. have the same number of syllables.Once a new first name has been introduced it has to spread to survive. Of the 582 new names 422 spread and 160 do not. To examine the initial diffusion process from both a social and a geographical perspective 23 names have been chosen as representatives of different patterns of diffusion. The diffusion is described in terms of influence spreading from district to district or influence in the immediate surroundings. These two geographical aspects have been treated from a social perspective, in terms of a heterogeneous or homogenous social diffusion respectively.
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| 3. |
- Kadi, F., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 100:3, s. 253-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training on the structural characteristics of the trapezius muscle in women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 10 weeks of three different training programs (strength, endurance and coordination). Enzyme-immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess muscle fibre types, fibre area, capillary supply and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. There was an increase in the proportion of type LIA fibres in strength trained group (P < 0.05). Strength training elicited a preferential increase in the area of type II fibres (P < 0.05); both strength and endurance programs induced an increase in the number of capillaries around type I and IIA muscle fibres. Finally, all training programs induced a decrease in the proportion of COX-negative fibres. In conclusion, the trapezius muscle of women with neck and shoulder myalgia is characterised by a great potential of adaptation to physical exercise over a period of 10 weeks. The significant changes in the number of capillaries and the specific changes induced by training at the level of muscle fibres might well explain the improvement of muscle function.
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| 4. |
- Lindmark, Magnus, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Miljö-ekonomi-historia
- 2002
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Den ökade miljömedevetenheten under de senaste decennierna har skapat allt större intresse för historiska förlopp. Miljön påverkas och förändras ju gradvis och långsiktigt och verkningarna av mänsklig verksamhet kan i naturen i vissa fall spåras först århundraden senare. Denna påverkan kan bli kostsam att ställa till rätta - i vissa fall uppkommer kanske irreparabla skador. Ekonomisk förändring skapar således spänningsförhållanden mellan samhälle och miljö. Vid alla förändringsprocesser krävs tillförsel av energi och materia av högre kvalitet från ett omgivande system. Under senare år har alltfler forskare inom ämnet ekonomisk historia engagerat sig i studier av miljön. Den ena, makronivån, används t ex i skapandet av miljörelaterade historiska nationalräkenskaper och den andra, mikronivån, i studier av utnyttjandet av naturresurser som jord, skog, vatten och mineraler. Denna skrift utgör den första samlade rapporten från "MESK", "Miljöperspektiv i ekonomisk-historisk forskning", ett nätverks- och samarbetsprojekt, som sedan 1997 bedrivs vid de svenska ekonomisk-historiska institutionerna. Skriften innehåller undersökningar beträffande båda nivåerna. Av några av bidragen framgår också det nära samarbete med andra ämnen som kulturgeografi och biologi med flera, vilket är oundgängligt för att komma längre i förståelse av det problemkomplex som frågorna om vår miljö utgör.
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