| 1. |
- Andersson, Svante, 1962-
(författare)
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Internationalization in Mature and High Growing Industries
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Principal TopicWhy firms choose to establish themselves in certain markets is a question that has been discussed by different researchers. One of the most used concepts when discussing this question is psychic distance. In this article the concept is compared with other researchers’ views of market choice. Moreover, various theories are used to analyze the market choice of different Swedish firms. The international developments of some Swedish firms are shown in case studies, where market choice in mature and high growing industries is discussed. Is psychic distance still relevant to understand firms’ market choice? If not, which other theories can be useful to understand firms’ market choice?MethodCases from the rubber product industry is chosen to illustrate internationalization in a mature industry and cases from the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) industry are chosen to illustrate internationalization in a high growing industry. The cases was chosen because their international development illustrated various situation where theories could be compared with the firms’ actual behavior.The case studies are built on secondary data, such as business magazines, annual reports and internal documents, but mainly on personal interviews. I interviewed the individuals that personally took part in the decisions and implementation of the companies’ different establishments abroad, such as chairmen of the boards, presidents, export directors, area managers, export salesmen, presidents of subsidiaries, etc. More than 50 individuals were interviewed. The individuals who had the greatest influence on the internationalization processes were interviewed several times. Former interviews led to the identification of individuals who were central in the internationalization process. The interviewees have had the opportunity to read and comment on the drafts of the different cases.ImplicationsThe conclusion is drawn that different theories are relevant in various situations. Psychic distance is identified as a partial model and different theories are appropriate dependent of the firms’ degree of internationalization and if the industry is mature or growing. Decision-makers are recommended to careful analyze their own situation and use different models in various situations.
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| 2. |
- Bååth, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
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Method for measuring molecular composition or molecular densities in gases
- 2000
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A measuring technique and method are provided to simultaneously determine the molecular density of several molecular species and the temperature within a closed process room in a melting or combustion process. In such processes in the industry, e.g. in metallurgic process industry, it is important to determine the temperature and the contents within the gas or flame without physically connect to or disturb the process. This has shown to raise large problems especially at high temperatures. The radio signal over a frequency band is measured on the outside of the process room through a window in the mantel covering as a function of frequency and registered on a computer as a radio spectrum. The system is calibrated by using a known signal transmitted through the process room. The spectral lines are identified by their frequency from a database. The temperature is determined from several lines of the same molecular specie and the molecular densities are determined from the intensities of the lines. The method is suitable to determine vibrational and rotational excitation of molecular species in the radio wavelength range of 30.mu.m to 500 m. The densities of molecular species and the temperature can be imaged in three dimensions inside the process room or exhaust channel if interferometers are used for simultaneous two dimensional imaging from several azimuth directions.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kadi, F., et al.
(författare)
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The effects of different training programs on the trapezius muscle of women with work-related neck and shoulder myalgia
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Neuropathologica. - Berlin : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0001-6322 .- 1432-0533. ; 100:3, s. 253-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the effects of training on the structural characteristics of the trapezius muscle in women with work-related trapezius myalgia. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after 10 weeks of three different training programs (strength, endurance and coordination). Enzyme-immunohistochemical analysis was performed to assess muscle fibre types, fibre area, capillary supply and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity. There was an increase in the proportion of type LIA fibres in strength trained group (P < 0.05). Strength training elicited a preferential increase in the area of type II fibres (P < 0.05); both strength and endurance programs induced an increase in the number of capillaries around type I and IIA muscle fibres. Finally, all training programs induced a decrease in the proportion of COX-negative fibres. In conclusion, the trapezius muscle of women with neck and shoulder myalgia is characterised by a great potential of adaptation to physical exercise over a period of 10 weeks. The significant changes in the number of capillaries and the specific changes induced by training at the level of muscle fibres might well explain the improvement of muscle function.
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| 5. |
- Kaestner, Anders P., et al.
(författare)
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Microwave polarimetry based wood scanning
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Nondestructive Testing of Wood. - Sopron : University of Western Hungary. - 9637180885 ; , s. 8-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We describe a method to detect knots and faults in wood logs based on microwave measurements and the depolarising properties of wood. The depolarisation is an effect of the anisotropy in the dielectric properties of wood, which is caused by the fibre structure. The measurements are made in the frequency domain where a discrete reflec-tion spectrum is sampled. By transforming the frequency spectrum into the time domain the spatial distribution of the reflections appear. The wave is transmitted in a pure linear polarisation, tilted to 45° For each discrete frequency all available information is measured for the reflected wave and therefore it is possible to calculate the complex polarisation ratio and the state of polarisation which are the quantities containing the most visible information. The measurements are one dimensional and by combining measurements from different directions we create tomographic slice images of the inner structure of a log. Our measurements has showed the possibility to follow the extension of knots in a log using only a iso-surface visualisation. The used equipment is working at low intensity and is therefore virtually harm-less to human beings, furthermore it is portable and can be operated by one single person.
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| 6. |
- Pettersson, H., et al.
(författare)
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Excitons in self-assembled quantum ring-like structures
- 2000
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Ingår i: Physica. E, Low-Dimensional systems and nanostructures. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1386-9477 .- 1873-1759. ; 6:1-4, s. 510-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A remarkable morphological change of self-assembled InAs quantum dots takes place during growth if a pause is introduced after overgrowing the dots with a few nm of GaAs. Atomic force microscopy indicates that the shape of the dots changes lens-like to ring-like. We report here the results of capacitance and interband transmission experiments on such ring-like structures embedded in a GaAs matrix. In particular, we compare the electronic properties of conventional dots with those of the rings. Significant changes are found which qualitatively support a quantum ring model. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Smeraldi, F., et al.
(författare)
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On the role of dimensionality in face authentication
- 2000
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - Halmstad : Högskolan i Halmstad. ; , s. 87-91
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A study of the dimensionality of the Face Authentication problem using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a novel dimensionality reduction algorithm that we call Support Vector Features (SVF) is presented. Starting from a Gabor feature space, we show that PCA and SVF identify distinct subspaces with comparable authentication and generalisation performance. Experiments using KNN classifiers and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) indicate that the number of PCs or SVF required for the authentication performance to saturate heavily depends on the choice of the classifier. SVMs appear to be vulnerable to excessive PCA-based compression.
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| 9. |
- Bilstrup, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Bluetooth in industrial environment
- 2000
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Ingår i: 2000 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 0780365003 ; , s. 239-246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an initial study of the use of Bluetooth in industrial environment is presented. The tests have been performed at a paper-mill, and in an office environment at Halmstad University. It shows the possibility to use Bluetooth for wireless short range communication in an industrial environment.
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| 10. |
- Blomqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Different Strategies for Transient Control of the Air-Fuel Ratio in a SI Engine
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE transactions : journal of fuels and lubricants. - Warrendale, Pa. : Society of automotive engineers (SAE). - 0768008433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares several strategies for air-fuel ratio tran-sient control. The strategies are: A factory-standard look-up table based system (a SAAB Trionic 5), a feedback PI controller with and without feed-forward throttle correction, a linear feed-forward control algorithm, and two nonlinear feed- forward algorithms based on artificial neural networks. The control strategies have been implemented and evaluated in a SAAB 9000 car during a transient driving test, consisting of an acceleration in the second gear from an engine speed of 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm. The best strategies are found to be the neural network based ones, followed by the table based factory system. The two feedback PI controllers offer the poorest performance.
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