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- Andersson, Svante, 1962-
(författare)
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Internationalization in Mature and High Growing Industries
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Principal TopicWhy firms choose to establish themselves in certain markets is a question that has been discussed by different researchers. One of the most used concepts when discussing this question is psychic distance. In this article the concept is compared with other researchers’ views of market choice. Moreover, various theories are used to analyze the market choice of different Swedish firms. The international developments of some Swedish firms are shown in case studies, where market choice in mature and high growing industries is discussed. Is psychic distance still relevant to understand firms’ market choice? If not, which other theories can be useful to understand firms’ market choice?MethodCases from the rubber product industry is chosen to illustrate internationalization in a mature industry and cases from the ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) industry are chosen to illustrate internationalization in a high growing industry. The cases was chosen because their international development illustrated various situation where theories could be compared with the firms’ actual behavior.The case studies are built on secondary data, such as business magazines, annual reports and internal documents, but mainly on personal interviews. I interviewed the individuals that personally took part in the decisions and implementation of the companies’ different establishments abroad, such as chairmen of the boards, presidents, export directors, area managers, export salesmen, presidents of subsidiaries, etc. More than 50 individuals were interviewed. The individuals who had the greatest influence on the internationalization processes were interviewed several times. Former interviews led to the identification of individuals who were central in the internationalization process. The interviewees have had the opportunity to read and comment on the drafts of the different cases.ImplicationsThe conclusion is drawn that different theories are relevant in various situations. Psychic distance is identified as a partial model and different theories are appropriate dependent of the firms’ degree of internationalization and if the industry is mature or growing. Decision-makers are recommended to careful analyze their own situation and use different models in various situations.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Svante
(författare)
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The internationalization of the firm from an entrepreneurial perspective
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Studies of Management and Organization. - Armonk, N.Y. : M.E. Sharpe Inc.. - 0020-8825. ; 30:1, s. 63-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are 2 dominant views in international business research: the economic and the process view. In this study it is shown that these views give some insight into the complex phenomenon of the internationalization of the firm. However, the understanding of various international behaviors in the firm's first international ventures as well as of radical strategic changes is enhanced by an analysis focusing on entrepreneurs.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, 1945-
(författare)
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Group supervision in nursing care : a longitudinal study of psychiatric nurses' experiences and conceptions
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Inom hälso- och sjukvården betonas att vården ska ges utifrån ett patientorienterat sätt. Om sjuksköterskor skall kunna ge patienten god omvårdnad, måste de själva ha en god arbetssituation. Det blir allt vanligare att sjuksköterskor i arbetet utsätts för en mängd negativa psykiska påfrestningar, såsom hot och våld, som kan leda till stress. Stress kan också relateras till att sjuksköterskorna i sitt arbete ställs inför komplicerade etiska övervägande. Det är viktigt att få möjligheter att reflektera över vilka etiska principer och ställningstagande arbetet baseras på. En metod som möjliggör reflektion är grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Deltagarna i grupphandledning bör ha samma yrkesbakgrund och ledas av en utbildad handledare, som också har samma yrkesbakgrund, som de som deltager i handledning. I handledning reflekteras över genomförda omvårdnadssituationer utifrån frågor som Vad hände? Vilka etiska aspekter förekommer? Vad kan sjuksköterskan göra annorlunda om det händer igen? Det handlar om att genom reflektion undersöka hur sjuksköterskan agerar, gör bedömningar, tänker och känner i olika omvårdnadssituationer. I detta sammanhang kan hon/han få emotionell och teoretisk återkoppling, ges möjlighet att kritiskt granska och diskutera svåra ställningstaganden samt få alternativa handlingsmöjligheter. Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie var att granska och undersöka hur psykiatrisjuksköterskors professionella kompetens över tid förändrades genom grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Tre delstudier genomfördes. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av tolv psykiatrisjuksköterskor, fördelade på två grupper som erhöll handledning i omvårdnad under två år. Inför den första delstudien konstruerades två frågeformulär för att undersöka om deltagarna i grupphandledning upplevde trygghet, tillit och lärande under handledningssammankomsterna. Resultatet från delstudie 1 visar att psykiatrisjuksköterskorna i hög grad upplevde att handledningssammankomsterna karakteriserades av ett humanistiskt synsätt. Deltagarna upplevde stöd, hjälp och att man lyssnade på varandra samt att alla hade en inlevelseförmåga. Efter varje handledningssession skrevs dagbok över vad som hänt. Avsikten med dagboksanteckningarna var att få material som beskrev handledningssituationerna. En allmän kunskapsutvecklande handledningsmodell skapades av de i resultatet framtagna orden och formuleringarna. Handledningsmodellen kan användas vid uppbyggnad och genomförande av handledning och undervisning inom olika yrkesområden för att stimulera till ökad yrkesmässig utveckling. Delstudie 2 och 3 utgjordes av svar från intervjuer med deltagarna efter ett år och två år, under pågående handledning, samt fyra år efter avslutad grupphandledning i omvårdnad. Resultatet visar att psykiatrisjuksköterskorna kände ökad arbetstillfredsställelse. De förvärvade ökad kunskap och kompetens och fick förstärkt säkerhet i omvårdnadssituationer. Vidare uppfattade de att deras självförtroende ökat. Vid fyra årsuppföljningen framkom att psykiatrisjuksköterskornas yrkesidentitet hade förstärkts. De hade integrerat omvårdnadsperspektivet i det dagliga arbetet. Grupphandledning i omvårdnad bidrog till att deltagarna vidmakthöll styrka och hade kraft att fortsätta att arbeta. Psykiatrisjuksköterskorna önskade att grupphandledning i omvårdnad skulle utgöra en integrerad del i deras yrkesverksamhet. Efter avslutad handledning kvarstod känslan av gemenskap bland de som deltagit i handledning. I Sverige är omvårdnadsforskning på frammarsch och ger sjuksköterskor en god möjlighet till uppdatering och att bli mer avancerade och skickliga i sina uppgifter. Presenterade studie visar att grupphandledning i omvårdnad är ett sätt att få ökad medvetenhet om hur omvårdnadsforskningens resultat kan förklaras, tydliggöras och tillämpas. Grupphandledning i omvårdnad bör vara en naturlig del i sjuksköterskeutbildningen.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Barbro, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how group supervision in nursing care influences their professional competence
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Management. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 0966-0429 .- 1365-2834. ; 8:3, s. 175-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: The aim of the study was to describe, after 1 and 2 years respectively, psychiatric nurses' conceptions of how group supervision within nursing care influenced their professional competence.BACKGROUND: The intention of group supervision in nursing care is to understand nurses' experiences within real care settings and to structure these in a professional and personal context.THE STUDY: Ten psychiatric nurses participated in the group supervision. They were interviewed on two occasions: after 1 and 2 years, respectively.FINDINGS: The data analysis was influenced by the phenomenographic approach and provided four description categories: a feeling of job satisfaction; acquiring knowledge and competence; gaining a sense of security in nursing situations; and a feeling of personal development.CONCLUSIONS: In supervision, practice and theory are integrated, resulting in enhanced nursing competence among the participants. Supervision should be an integrated part of nursing work and regarded as a means of quality assurance. A long-term follow-up could give valuable proof that group supervision in nursing care has a lasting effect on nurses' professional competence.
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Åsa B., 1955, et al.
(författare)
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How bystanders perceive their cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention : a qualitative study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 47:1, s. 71-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior to arrival of the emergency medical service is well documented. In Sweden, CPR is initiated prior to emergency medical services (EMS) arrival in about 30% of cardiac arrests out-of-hospital, a figure which should be improved urgently. To do so, it is of interest to know more about the bystanders' perceptions of their intervention. A qualitative method inspired by the phenomenographic approach was applied to 19 bystanders who had performed CPR. In the analysis, five main categories and 14 subcategories emerged. The main categories were: to have a sense of humanity, to have competence, to feel an obligation, to have courage and to feel exposed. Interviews described how humanity and concern for another human being were the foundation of their intervention. CPR training offers the possibility to give appropriate help in this emergency. If the aim of CPR training was extended beyond teaching the skill of CPR to include preparation of the rescuer for the intervention and his/her reactions, this might increase the number of people able to take action in the cardiac arrest situation.
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| 8. |
- Bilstrup, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Bluetooth in industrial environment
- 2000
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Ingår i: 2000 IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems. - Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press. - 0780365003 ; , s. 239-246
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an initial study of the use of Bluetooth in industrial environment is presented. The tests have been performed at a paper-mill, and in an office environment at Halmstad University. It shows the possibility to use Bluetooth for wireless short range communication in an industrial environment.
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| 9. |
- Blomqvist, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Different Strategies for Transient Control of the Air-Fuel Ratio in a SI Engine
- 2000
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Ingår i: SAE transactions : journal of fuels and lubricants. - Warrendale, Pa. : Society of automotive engineers (SAE). - 0768008433
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper compares several strategies for air-fuel ratio tran-sient control. The strategies are: A factory-standard look-up table based system (a SAAB Trionic 5), a feedback PI controller with and without feed-forward throttle correction, a linear feed-forward control algorithm, and two nonlinear feed- forward algorithms based on artificial neural networks. The control strategies have been implemented and evaluated in a SAAB 9000 car during a transient driving test, consisting of an acceleration in the second gear from an engine speed of 1500 rpm to 3000 rpm. The best strategies are found to be the neural network based ones, followed by the table based factory system. The two feedback PI controllers offer the poorest performance.
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| 10. |
- Bååth, Lars, 1948-
(författare)
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Method for measuring molecular composition or molecular densities in gases
- 2000
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- A measuring technique and method are provided to simultaneously determine the molecular density of several molecular species and the temperature within a closed process room in a melting or combustion process. In such processes in the industry, e.g. in metallurgic process industry, it is important to determine the temperature and the contents within the gas or flame without physically connect to or disturb the process. This has shown to raise large problems especially at high temperatures. The radio signal over a frequency band is measured on the outside of the process room through a window in the mantel covering as a function of frequency and registered on a computer as a radio spectrum. The system is calibrated by using a known signal transmitted through the process room. The spectral lines are identified by their frequency from a database. The temperature is determined from several lines of the same molecular specie and the molecular densities are determined from the intensities of the lines. The method is suitable to determine vibrational and rotational excitation of molecular species in the radio wavelength range of 30.mu.m to 500 m. The densities of molecular species and the temperature can be imaged in three dimensions inside the process room or exhaust channel if interferometers are used for simultaneous two dimensional imaging from several azimuth directions.
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