| 1. |
- Arumugam, Ashokan, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of neuromuscular training on knee proprioception in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament injury : A systematic review and GRADE evidence synthesis
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To systematically review and summarise the evidence for the effects of neuromuscular training compared with any other therapy (conventional training/sham) on knee proprioception following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Design: Systematic Review.Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, AMED, Scopus and Physical Education Index were searched from inception to February 2020.Eligibility criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of neuromuscular training on knee-specific proprioception tests following a unilateral ACL injury were included.Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data and assessed risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Overall certainty in evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool.Results: Of 2706 articles retrieved, only 9 RCTs, comprising 327 individuals with an ACL reconstruction (ACLR), met the inclusion criteria. Neuromuscular training interventions varied across studies: whole body vibration therapy, Nintendo-Wii-Fit training, balance training, sport-specific exercises, backward walking, etc. Outcome measures included joint position sense (JPS; n=7), thresholds to detect passive motion (TTDPM; n=3) or quadriceps force control (QFC; n=1). Overall, between-group mean differences indicated inconsistent findings with an increase or decrease of errors associated with JPS by ≤2°, TTDPM by ≤1.5° and QFC by ≤6 Nm in the ACLR knee following neuromuscular training. Owing to serious concerns with three or more GRADE domains (risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness or imprecision associated with the findings) for each outcome of interest across studies, the certainty of evidence was very low.Conclusions: The heterogeneity of interventions, methodological limitations, inconsistency of effects (on JPS/TTDPM/QFC) preclude recommendation of one optimal neuromuscular training intervention for improving proprioception following ACL injury in clinical practice. There is a need for methodologically robust RCTs with homogenous populations with ACL injury (managed conservatively or with reconstruction), novel/well-designed neuromuscular training and valid proprioception assessments, which also seem to be lacking.PROSPERO registration number CRD42018107349.
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| 2. |
- Berg, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Manganese in the litter fall-forest floor continuum of boreal and temperate pine and spruce forest ecosystems : a review
- 2015
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 358, s. 248-260
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have reviewed the literature on the role of manganese (Mn) in the litter fall-to-humus subsystem. Available data gives a focus on North European coniferous forests. Manganese concentrations in pine (Pinus spp.) foliar litter are highly variable both spatially and temporally within the same litter species and for the genus Pinus we found a range from 0.03 to 3.7mgg-1. Concentrations were related negatively to site mean annual temperature (MAT) and annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) for pine species litter but not for that of Norway spruce (Picea abies) as a single species. Combined data for several species showed a highly significant relationship to MAT.Manganese peroxidase is an Mn-dependent enzyme, found in white-rot fungi, essential for the degradation of lignin and ligninlike compounds. The decomposition rates of lignified litter tissue (late phase) is positively related to the litter’s Mn concentration. Further, the Mn concentration is positively related to the limit value for decomposition - the higher the Mn concentration the smaller the stable litter fraction. Manganese release from decomposing litter appears at least in part to be species related. Thus was release from pine needle litter significantly faster (p<. 0.001) than that from the Mn-richer litter of Norway spruce. Over Northern Europe concentrations of total Mn in mor humus as well as extractable Mn in the mineral soil increase with decreasing MAT and over a climatic gradient the Mn concentrations in Norway spruce mor increase more with decreasing MAT than in a gradient with Scots pine. Higher Mn concentrations in humus appear to decrease its stability and result in a higher release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). We conclude that this may explain (i) the lower amount of carbon (C) in mor layers under Norway spruce as compared to Scots pine as well as the higher amount of C in mineral soil under spruce. The increase in nitrogen (N) concentration in humus, following N fertilization resulted in a decrease in that of Mn. We have found four cases - empirical - with negative interaction between Mn and N; (i) in pine foliar litter fall concentrations of Mn decrease with site MAT whereas those of N increase, (ii) in decomposing late-stage litter with N retarding and Mn stimulating decomposition, (iii) for the stable phase, limit values are related negatively to N and positively to Mn, and (iv) Mn concentrations in humus decrease with MAT whereas those of N increase.
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| 3. |
- Gold, Judith E, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of biochemical biomarkers for neck and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 42:2, s. 103-124
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective This study systematically summarizes biochemical biomarker research in non-traumatic musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). Two research questions guided the review: (i) Are there biochemical markers associated with neck and upper-extremity MSD? and (ii) Are there biochemical markers associated with the severity of neck and upper-extremity MSD?Methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and SCOPUS, and 87 studies met primary inclusion criteria. Following a quality screen, data were extracted from 44 articles of sufficient quality.Results Most of the 87 studies were cross-sectional and utilized convenience samples of patients as both cases and controls. A response rate was explicitly stated in only 11 (13%) studies. Less than half of the studies controlled for potential confounding through restriction or in the analysis. Most sufficient-quality studies were conducted in older populations (mean age in one or more analysis group >50 years). In sufficient-quality articles, 82% demonstrated at least one statistically significant association between the MSD and biomarker(s) studied. Evidence suggested that: (i) the collagen-repair marker TIMP-1 is decreased in fibroproliferative disorders, (ii) 5-HT (serotonin) is increased in trapezius myalgia, and (iii) triglycerides are increased in a variety of MSD. Only 5 studies showed an association between a biochemical marker and MSD severity.Conclusion While some MSD biomarkers were identified, limitations in the articles examined included possible selection bias, confounding, spectrum effect (potentially heterogeneous biomarker associations in populations according to symptom severity or duration), and insufficient attention to comorbid conditions. A list of recommendations for future studies is provided.
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| 4. |
- Gold, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of quantitative imaging biomarkers for neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2474. ; 18
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThis study systematically summarizes quantitative imaging biomarker research in non-traumatic neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). There were two research questions: 1) Are there quantitative imaging biomarkers associated with the presence of neck and shoulder MSDs?, 2) Are there quantitative imaging biomarkers associated with the severity of neck and shoulder MSDs?MethodsPubMed and SCOPUS were used for the literature search. One hundred and twenty-five studies met primary inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from 49 sufficient quality studies.ResultsMost of the 125 studies were cross-sectional and utilized convenience samples of patients as both cases and controls. Only half controlled for potential confounders via exclusion or in the analysis. Approximately one-third reported response rates. In sufficient quality articles, 82% demonstrated at least one statistically significant association between the MSD(s) and biomarker(s) studied. The literature synthesis suggested that neck muscle size may be decreased in neck pain, and trapezius myalgia and neck/shoulder pain may be associated with reduced vascularity in the trapezius and reduced trapezius oxygen saturation at rest and in response to upper extremity tasks. Reduced vascularity in the supraspinatus tendon may also be a feature in rotator cuff tears. Five of eight studies showed an association between a quantitative imaging marker and MSD severity.ConclusionsAlthough research on quantitative imaging biomarkers is still in a nascent stage, some MSD biomarkers were identified. There are limitations in the articles examined, including possible selection bias and inattention to potentially confounding factors. Recommendations for future studies are provided.
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| 5. |
- Hadrévi, Jenny
(författare)
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New Aspects on Chronic Trapezius Myalgia : Contribution of Metabolomics and Proteomics
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. - : Informa Publications. - 1058-2452 .- 1540-7012. ; 22:4, s. 382-388
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several hypotheses regarding the underlying mechanisms and the maintenance behind chronic work-related musculoskeletal disorders have been presented. Chronic low load work and psychosocial stress is believed to be the underlying causes to these pain conditions. The recent application of comprehensive screening methods: omnics methods; to this field of research could contribute to current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of these disorders. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind chronic trapezius myalgia are discussed in the context of new findings obtained with proteomic and metabolomic methods. Proteins and metabolites which differ in abundance between healthy muscle and muscle suffering from chronic trapezius myalgia are presented. Primarily, the pathways and effects of the proteins and metabolites found in three recently published papers are discussed. Proteomics and metabolomics are efficient screening methods enabling the presentation of potential biomarkers and pathophysiological mechanisms explaining the pathophysiology of chronic work-related trapezius myalgia. The previous findings detecting systematic differences of proteins and metabolites when comparing chronic myalgic muscle to healthy muscle, indicating a higher glycogen metabolism, increased muscle turnover and increased neuronal signalling in the myalgic muscle, are discussed in this review.
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| 6. |
- Ingard, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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People with dementia as active agents in nursing homes : a scoping review
- 2023
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Ingår i: SAGE Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2158-2440. ; 13:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- People with dementia (PWD) are fragile and need aid and care in their daily lives. This scoping review explores the extent to which PWD can be involved in society and their daily lives. Publications were selected according to PRISMA guidelines. We graded the level of participation/involvement in daily life and research using a five-level participation model developed by Shier. A higher grade means a greater ambition to involve PWD in decisions. Of the 11 included studies, three reached level three according to Shier’s model. The studies describe ways of and potentials for participation, capabilities of PWD, caregivers’ opportunities to foster involvement, and cooperation between PWD caregivers and relatives. Caregivers and managers must have the attitude that PWD can be involved in decisions and caregivers need opportunities to actively promote such involvement. Shier’s model can be a tool with which organizations strive to involve PWD.
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| 7. |
- Olofsson, Anders D., et al.
(författare)
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Uptake and use of digital technologies in primary and secondary schools : a thematic review of research
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 1891-943X. ; 10:4, s. 103-121
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is a review of international research on the uptake and use of digital technologies in primary and secondary schools. The aim was to provide a credible and clear picture of current research, together with some wellinformed suggestions as to how future research could develop. Two strategies were used: (1) identify themes within current research that indicate important lessons to be learned in relation to the uptake and use of digital technologies in primary and secondary schools, and (2) based on these lessons, identify which knowledge-gaps need to be closed and in the light of this suggest directions for further research. It is concluded that a rather complex and fragmented picture of the uptake and use of digital technologies emerges from the literature review. Three specific suggestions for research on the uptake and use of digital technologies in primary and secondary school are provided: (1) the outcomes of technology use in relation to different levels in the educational system, e.g. arenas of implementation and realization, (2) digital practices that are longitudinal and information-rich and that go beyond existing knowledge, and (3) initiatives for a renewal of theoretical and mmethodological approaches when designing and analyzing studies within the field.
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