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- Gillberg, M., et al.
(author)
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Longitudinal changes in the sleep habits of Swedish adolescents
- 2006
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In: Journal of Sleep Research. - : Wiley. - 0962-1105 .- 1365-2869. ; 15:Suppl. 1, s. 83-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Sleep habits change during adolescence both for biological and psychological/social reasons. Longitudinal studies on suchhabits are, however, scarce. The aim of the present study was toinvestigate the longitudinal changes of subjective sleep habits in Swedish adolescents.Method: The present study was part of a larger investigation mainlyon food habits that originally included all (about 2500) 14 year oldfrom three representative middle-sized Swedish towns. The adolescents filled in questionnaires at 14, 15 and 18 years of age. The 638 adolescents that answered all the questions on their sleephabits at each of the three occasions were included in the present study.Results and discussion: The adolescents developed later weekday bed- and rise times with increasing age (bedtimes from 22:35 h to23:20 h; risetimes from 06:50 h to 07:05 h). Consequently, time inbed on weekday nights decreased (from 8:15 h to 7:45 h). On weekends the adolescents went to bed later (around 2 h) and stayed in bed longer (around 1:20 h) than during the weekdays. Weekend time in bed decreased with increasing age. Differences between genders indicated that the changes observed were more obvious among boys. A dropout analysis implied that those adolescents that only participated at one occasion (at the age of 14) or at two occasions (at 14 and 15 years of age), respectively, went to bed later, woke up later and had shorter sleep compared to those who participated at all three occasions. Hence, the results might not be completely representative.Conclusions: A delay of bedtimes and of shortening of sleep duration as a function of age was observed. Weekend changes showed a delay of bedtimes and a (presumably) compensatory increase in sleep duration. Boys seemed 'worse off'.
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- Hansson, Erika, et al.
(author)
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The difficulties of measuring adolescents' food intake and behaviors
- 2014
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The fundamental cause of weight-related problems, from obesity to anorexia, is an imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended. The "nutritional status" concept embraces more than food-intake. It elucidates the dynamics between supply, demand and factors that affect metabolism, energy balance and energy expenditure. In recent years, major changes in the spatial-temporal structures of everyday life that could be possible contributors to weight-related issues of adolescents have emerged. A modern life style of low activity, irregular meal times, late-night food intake, stress and sleep deprivation possibly leads to a disturbed regulation of food intake which further can generate physical and/or psychological illnesses. Traditional studies of eating behavior use food diaries focusing on the average intake of energy and nutrients (e.g. Bellisle et al., 2003). Such methods are demanding for the respondent and require details about consumed amounts. A "Meal Matrix" (Lennernas & Andersson, 1999) has been used in studies of several different Swedish cohorts (e.g. Wissing et al., 2000). The Meal Matrix consists of seven food categories and eight different meal "types". Categorization is based on visible properties (food types) but at the same time reflecting invisible properties (nutrients). In the present study the Meal Matrix was developed further to be used as part of a questionnaire in a study of eating behaviors in 1281 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old in a southern Swedish municipality. Meal patterns in adolescents were assessed in relation to time of day for intake, sleep and physical activity. The aim of the study was to 1) test a self-report concept for food based classification of eating behaviors in adolescents, 2) to evaluate the nutritional quality of food and meals among them and 3) to get information about the rhythm of eating and slee-ping in relation to time of day and the biological clock.
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- Holmbäck, Ulf C., et al.
(author)
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Endocrine responses to nocturnal eating : Possible implications for night work
- 2003
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In: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 42:2, s. 75-83
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Night work is becoming more common and shift workers display several metabolic disturbances. Aim: To study the endocrine responses in relation to time of day during a 24-h period and how dietary macronutrient composition affects these responses. Design: Seven males (26-43 y and 19.9-26.6 kg · m-2) were studied in a crossover design. Isocaloric diets described as highcarbohydrates (HC; 65 energy percent (E%) carbohydrates and 20E% fat) or high-fat (HF; 40E% carbohydrates and 45E% fat) were given. After a 6-day diet adjustment period, the subjects were kept awake for 24 h in a metabolic unit and were served an isocaloric meal (continuation of respective diet) every 4-h. Blood samples were taken throughout the 24-h period. Results: Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day (p ≤ 0.05). Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxin (fT4), total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Meal intake decreased cortisol concentration after meals at 0800, 1200 and 0400 but not at 1600, 2000 and 0000 h. The PP's postprandial increase was greater during 0800-1600 h compared to 2000-0800 h. With the HC meals, lower glucagon and CgA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and a tendency for lower tT3 concentrations (p = 0.053) were observed compared to the HF meals. Conclusion: Insulin, PP, TSH, fT4, cortisol and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to time of day. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake indicate that nocturnal eating and night work might have health implications.
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- Knutsson, Anders, et al.
(author)
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Postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides : Influence of the timing of meal intake during night work
- 2002
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In: Nutrition and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0260-1060 .- 2047-945X. ; 16, s. 133-141
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The objective was to study the postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides to meal intake at different clock times during night work. Eleven night shift working nurses participated. Identical test meals were ingested at 19:30, 23:30 and 03:30, and contained 440 kcal/ 1860 kJ of energy (33 E% fat, 51 E% carbohydrate, 16 E% protein). The food intake was standardized three days before the first test meal. Blood samples were drawn just before the test meals were ingested and thereafter at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. The postprandial responses were estimated as the total area under the curve (AUC) and significance testing was done using repeated measures ANOVA. The highest insulin level was found after meal intake at 23:30, and the lowest after meal intake 03:30. The glucose response showed the same pattern. The insulin response to food intake in night working nurses is more pronounced in the night compared with morning and evening. The results would have implications for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in night workers.
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- Landström, Ulf, et al.
(author)
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Laboratory studies of the effects of carbohydrate consumption on wakefulness
- 2000
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In: Nutrition and Health. - 0260-1060. ; 13:4, s. 213-225
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Changes in wakefulness before and after exposure to carbohydrate intake were tested in 30 test persons. Changes in wakefulness were tested via EEG and subjective estimates. The intakes consisted of 400 ml glucose, 250 kcal (GI 100), 400 ml fructose, 209 kcal (GI 20), and 400 ml water. The study has indicated that intake of fructose, glucose and water had a similar stimulating effect on wakefulness in drowsy subjects immediately after intake. Our results also indicate that intake of fructose can lead to a delay in the development of drowsiness. Compared to water, a 20-30 minutes delay of the point in time when high-degree drowsiness developed, took place. There was no significant difference between glucose and water.
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- Lassen, Anne Dahl, et al.
(author)
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The impact of worksite interventions promoting healthier food and/or physical activity habits among employees working 'around the clock' hours : a systematic review
- 2018
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In: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 62
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Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We conducted a systematic review of randomised studies on the impact of worksite interventions to promote healthier food and/or physical activity among people who work irregular hours 'around the clock', that is, outside of ordinary daytime working hours. The population-intervention-comparator-outcomes-study (PICOS) design format was used. Data sources were PubMed and CINAHL. An updated search was conducted on October 2017 using Google Scholar and the related articles function in PubMed on initially included studies to identify additional studies. Risk of bias was used to assess study quality. A total of seven studies (reports published in 14 papers) were included in the systematic review: Two interventions with a broader lifestyle approach, three focusing on physical exercise and two on providing healthier food or meal options. The studies had sample sizes from 30 to 1,000 and targeted a mixture of occupations, including both male- and female-dominated occupational groups. The interventions lasted from 2 to 12 months. Only one had an extended follow-up. In general, the studies showed small-to-moderate effect sizes on several measures, including dietary and/or physical activity measures, suggesting acceptable effectiveness for interventions involving community-level behaviour change. Our findings highlight a need to further develop and implement well-designed health promotion interventions with comparable outcome measures and effect size reports. A mixture of health promotion strategies is recommended for future practice in this target population, including individually tailored programmes, improving the food and physical activity environment and using broader lifestyle approaches including the use of participatory and empowerment strategies. While more research is needed in this field, the existing knowledge base on effective approaches awaits translation into practice.
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| 9. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, 1956-
(author)
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Att äta är en fråga om tajmning : klinisk översikt
- 2010
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In: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:36, s. 2084-2095
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Dygnsrytm, hunger, törst, mättnad, temperatur, sexlust, blodsockermobilisering, substratutnyttjande och energiomsättning styrs från kärnor i hypotalamus.Dygnsrytmen styr beteende och fysiologiska processer till rätt tidpunkt för att hushålla med kroppens resurser. Vävnader och organ ska inte belastas kontinuerligt eller oväntat.Nattätande och dagsömn desynkroniserar dygnsrytmen.Åldersförändringar i hypotalamus orsakar aptitbortfall, tidsdesorientering, uttorkning och sömnstörningar hos äldre, som kan behöva äta frekvent och ha kortare nattfasta.Dygns- och måltidsrytmen bör utredas vid metabola störningar och fetma.Vid anorexi, bulimi, typ 2-diabetes, sängvätning och senil demens bör dygnsrytmens prestanda utredas – testa kronoterapi.
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