| 1. |
- Alklind Taylor, Anna-Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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The Coaching Cycle : A Coaching-by-Gaming Approach in Serious Games
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal Simulation & Gaming. - : Sage Publications. - 1046-8781 .- 1552-826X. ; 43:5, s. 648-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Military organizations have a long history of using simulations, role-play, and games for training. This also encompasses good practices concerning how instructors utilize games and gaming behavior. Unfortunately, the work of instructors is rarely described explicitly in research relating to serious gaming. Decision makers also tend to have overconfidence in the pedagogical power of games and simulations, particularly where the instructor is taken out of the gaming loop. The authors propose a framework, the coaching cycle, that focuses on the roles of instructors. The roles include instructors acting as game players. The fact that the instructors take a more active part in all training activities will further improve learning. The coaching cycle integrates theories of experiential learning (where action precedes theory) and deliberate practice (where the trainee's skill is constantly challenged by a coach). Incorporating a coaching-by-gaming perspective complicates, but also strengthens, the player-centered design approach to game development in that we need to take into account two different types of players: trainees and instructor. Furthermore, the authors argue that the coaching cycle allows for a shift of focus to a more thorough debriefing, because it implies that learning of theoretical material before simulation/game playing is kept to a minimum. This shift will increase the transfer of knowledge.
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| 2. |
- Andler, Sten F., et al.
(författare)
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Information Fusion from Databases, Sensors and Simulations : A Collaborative Research Program
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0769523064 ; , s. 234-241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper provides an overview of a collaborative research program in information fusion from databases, sensors and simulations. Information fusion entails the combination of data from multiple sources, to generate information that cannot be derived from the individual sources. This area is of strategic importance for industry and defense, as well as public administration areas such as health care, and needs to be pursued as an academic subject. A large number of industrial partners are supporting and participating in the development of the area. The paper describes the program’s general approach and main research areas, with a particular focus on the role of information fusion in systems development
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| 3. |
- Birgisson, Ragnar, et al.
(författare)
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Bounds on Test Effort for Event-Triggered Real-Time Systems
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The test effort required for full test coverage is much higher in an event-triggered than in a time-triggered real-time system. This makes it difficult to attain confidence in the correctness of event-triggered real-time applications by testing, which is a necessary complement to other verification methods. We present a more general upper bound on the test effort of constrained event-triggered real-time systems, assuming multiple resources (a refinement of previous results). The emphasis is on system level testing of application timeliness, assuming that sufficient confidence in its functional correctness has been attained. Covered fault types include incorrect assumptions about temporal attributes of application and execution environment, and synchronization faults. An analysis of the effects that our constraints have on predictability and efficiency shows that the use of designated preemption points is required. A key factor in this approach is the ability to reduce the number of required test cases while maintaining full test coverage.
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| 4. |
- Bodén, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Features of distributed representations for tree-structures : A study of RAAM
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents an in-depth analysis of properties of patterns, generated by the Recursive Auto-Associative Memory, based on the idea that representational features can be detected by a classification network. The intension of this analysis is to examine the actual reasons for the success of connectionist processes acting on super-positional activity vectors generated in the fashion described. We show that the structure supplied during training is maintained and is extractable from the generated pattern. Further, we show that the influence of the actual constituents in the structures supplied during training is not necessarily available, in the generated patterns, for holistic processing. The outlook for holistic processing is therefore limited unless new forms can be found which take into account, what Sharkey and Jackson call, `whole net' representations.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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On the Definition of Information Fusion as a Field of Research
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A more precise definition of the field of information fusion can be of benefit to researchers within the field, who may use uch a definition when motivating their own work and evaluating the contribution of others. Moreover, it can enable researchers and practitioners outside the field to more easily relate their own work to the field and more easily understand the scope of the techniques and methods developed in the field. Previous definitions of information fusion are reviewed from that perspective, including definitions of data and sensor fusion, and their appropriateness as definitions for the entire research field are discussed. Based on strengths and weaknesses of existing definitions, a novel definition is proposed, which is argued to effectively fulfill the requirements that can be put on a definition of information fusion as a field of research.
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| 6. |
- Brax, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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An approach for increased supply chain security by using automatic detection of anomalous vehicle behavior
- 2009
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Ingår i: CD-ROM Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence (MDAI 2009). - 9788400088514 ; , s. 165-176
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, the development of low-cost GPS transceivers has made it possible to equip all trucks in a fleet with equipment for automatically reporting the status of the trucks to a fleet management system. The downside is that the huge amount of information that is gathered must be evaluated in real-time by an operator. We propose the use of a data-driven anomaly detection algorithm that learns "normal" vehicle behaviour and detects anomalous behaviour such as smuggling, accidents and hijacking, The algorithm is evaluated on real-world data from trucks and commuters equipped with GPS transceivers. The results give initial support to the claim that anomaly detection based on statistical learning can be used to support human descision making. This ability can increase supply chain security by alerting an operator on anomalous vehicle behaviour.
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| 7. |
- Brax, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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An ensemble approach for increased anomaly detection performance in video surveillance data
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2009), Seattle, Washington, USA, 6–9 July 2009. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9780982443804 ; , s. 694-701
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased societal need for surveillance and the decrease in cost of sensors have led to a number of new challenges. The problem is not to collect data but to use it effectively for decision support. Manual interpretation of huge amounts of data in real-time is not feasible; the operator of a surveillance system needs support to analyze and understand all incoming data. In this paper an approach to intelligent video surveillance is presented, with emphasis on finding behavioural anomalies. Two different anomaly detection methods are compared and combined. The results show that it is possible to best increase the total detection performance by combining two different anomaly detectors rather than employing them independently.
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| 8. |
- Brax, Christoffer
(författare)
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Anomaly detection in the surveillance domain
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the post September 11 era, the demand for security has increased in virtually all parts of the society. The need for increased security originates from the emergence of new threats which differ from the traditional ones in such a way that they cannot be easily defined and are sometimes unknown or hidden in the “noise” of daily life.When the threats are known and definable, methods based on situation recognition can be used find them. However, when the threats are hard or impossible to define, other approaches must be used. One such approach is data-driven anomaly detection, where a model of normalcy is built and used to find anomalies, that is, things that do not fit the normal model. Anomaly detection has been identified as one of many enabling technologies for increasing security in the society.In this thesis, the problem of how to detect anomalies in the surveillance domain is studied. This is done by a characterisation of the surveillance domain and a literature review that identifies a number of weaknesses in previous anomaly detection methods used in the surveillance domain. Examples of identified weaknesses include: the handling of contextual information, the inclusion of expert knowledge and the handling of joint attributes. Based on the findings from this study, a new anomaly detection method is proposed. The proposed method is evaluated with respect to detection performance and computational cost on a number datasets, recorded from real-world sensors, in different application areas of the surveillance domain. Additionally, the method is also compared to two other commonly used anomaly detection methods. Finally, the method is evaluated on a dataset with anomalies developed together with maritime subject matter experts. The conclusion of the thesis is that the proposed method has a number of strengths compared to previous methods and is suitable foruse in operative maritime command and control systems.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Brax, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced situational Awareness in the Maritime Domain : An Agent-based Approach for Situation Management
- 2009
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Ingår i: Intelligent Sensing, Situation Management, Impact Assessment, and Cyber-Sensing. - : SPIE Press. - 9780819476180 ; , s. Aticle ID 735203-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maritime Domain Awareness is important for both civilian and military applications. An important part of MDA is detection of unusual vessel activities such as piracy, smuggling, poaching, collisions, etc. Today's interconnected sensorsystems provide us with huge amounts of information over large geographical areas which can make the operators reach their cognitive capacity and start to miss important events. We propose and agent-based situation management system that automatically analyse sensor information to detect unusual activity and anomalies. The system combines knowledge-based detection with data-driven anomaly detection. The system is evaluated using information from both radar and AIS sensors.
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