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Sökning: LAR1:ki > (2000-2004) > Linköpings universitet

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1.
  • Ahmadi, Ahmad, 1964-, et al. (författare)
  • GSTM1 and mEPHX polymorphisms in Parkinson's disease and age of onset
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 269:3, s. 676-680
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of PD and biotransformation of exogenous and endogenous compounds and may play a role in inter-individual susceptibility. Therefore, we investigated the presence of null genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1, and two polymorphisms of mEPHX in subjects with Parkinson's disease and in a reference population. The study included 35 male PD patients and a male control group including 283 subjects. Homozygosity of the histidine (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX was significantly increased in PD patients (odds ratio = 3.8 CI 95% 1.2–11.8) and analysis of allele frequencies displayed an increased frequency of the H-allele among PD patients (odds ratio = 1.9 CI 95% 1.1–3.3). However, a significantly elevated median age for the onset of PD was found among GSTM1 gene carriers (median age = 68 years) compared to PD patients being GSTM1 null genotypes (median age = 57 years). Our observations suggest that (H) 113 isoform of mEPHX, which has been suggested as a low activity isoform, is overrepresented in PD patients and that inherited carriers of the GSTM1 gene postpone the onset of PD. These detoxification pathways may represent important protective mechanisms against reactive intermediates modifying the susceptibility and onset of PD.
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2.
  • Albinsson, L., et al. (författare)
  • Staff opinions about the leadership and organisation of municipal dementia care
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 10:5, s. 313-322
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The present study describes the opinions of experienced staff providing direct care to patients with dementia in municipal units in Sweden. The focus is mainly on leadership and other organisational factors. A purposeful sample of 31 staff members employed in municipal dementia care in both urban and rural areas in mid-Sweden were selected. Data were collected within a qualitative paradigm using semi-structured interviews which were tape-recorded and analysed using a modified phenomenographical approach. The nearly unanimous opinions of the interviewees indicated that there was a great lack of daily leadership in the units. Thus, few units had clearly formulated goals and few had regular care planning for their residents. Poorly developed teamwork was reported in the care of people with dementia especially regarding doctors, whose visits to the unit were too infrequent and too short, and did not include a direct exchange of information with other staff. In addition, little or no staff education and guidance/supervision was provided on a regular basis. In conclusion, without any unreasonable increase in cost, measures such as introducing clear leadership at the care unit level, concentrating on multi-professional teamwork, and providing education and guidance/supervision to the staff would probably result in better care for patients with dementia and their families.
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  • Allgulander, Christer, et al. (författare)
  • Efficacy of venlafaxine ER in patients with social anxiety disorder : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison with paroxetine
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Human Psychopharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0885-6222 .- 1099-1077. ; 19:6, s. 387-396
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study evaluated the anxiolytic efficacy, safety and tolerability of a flexible dose of venlafaxine extended release (ER) compared with placebo and paroxetine in the short-term treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder (SAD). Adult outpatients with generalized SAD (n=434) were randomized to receive capsules of venlafaxine ER 75 mg to 225 mg/day, paroxetine 20 mg to 50 mg/day, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the Liebowitz social anxiety scale total score. Secondary efficacy variables included the patient-rated social phobia inventory and the proportion of responders in each group (a responder was defined as having a clinical global impression-improvement score of 1 or 2). Treatment with venlafaxine ER was associated with significantly greater improvement than treatment with placebo for all primary and secondary efficacy variables (p<0.05). No significant differences in primary or secondary efficacy variables were observed between the venlafaxine ER and paroxetine groups. The week 12 response rates were 69%, 66% and 36% for the venlafaxine ER, paroxetine and placebo groups, respectively. Both active treatments were generally well tolerated and were associated with a similar incidence of adverse events. This study shows that venlafaxine ER is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug treatment for SAD.
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  • Andersson, RE, et al. (författare)
  • Appendectomy and protection against ulcerative colitis
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 344:11, s. 808-814
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: A history of appendectomy is rare in patients with ulcerative colitis. This suggests a protective effect of appendectomy or that appendicitis and ulcerative colitis are alternative inflammatory responses. We sought to characterize this inverse relation further. Methods:We studied a cohort of 212,963 patients who underwent appendectomy before the age of 50 years between 1964 and 1993 and a cohort of matched controls who were identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register and the nationwide census. The cohort was followed until 1995 for any subsequent diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Results: Patients who underwent appendectomy for appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis had a low risk of ulcerative colitis (for patients with perforated appendicitis, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.58 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.87], for those with nonperforated appendicitis it was 0.76 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.90], and for those with mesenteric lymphadenitis it was 0.57 [95 percent confidence interval, 0.36 to 0.89]). In contrast, patients who underwent appendectomy for nonspecific abdominal pain had the same risk of ulcerative colitis as the controls (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.06, 95 percent confidence interval, 0.74 to 1.52). For the patients who had appendicitis, an inverse relation with the risk of ulcerative colitis was found only for those who underwent surgery before the age of 20 years (P<0.001). Conclusions: Appendectomy for an inflammatory condition (appendicitis or lymphadenitis) but not for nonspecific abdominal pain is associated with a low risk of subsequent ulcerative colitis. This inverse relation is limited to patients who undergo surgery before the age of 20 years.
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8.
  • Andersson, Roland, et al. (författare)
  • Appendectomy is followed by increased risk of Crohn's disease
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Gastroenterology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5085 .- 1528-0012. ; 124:1, s. 40-46
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background & Aims: Appendectomy is associated with a low risk of subsequent ulcerative colitis. This study analyzes the risk of Crohn's disease after appendectomy. Methods: We followed-up 212,218 patients with appendectomy before age 50 years and a cohort of matched controls, identified from the Swedish Inpatient Register and the nationwide Census, for any subsequent diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Results: An increased risk of Crohn's disease was found for more than 20 years after appendectomy, with incidence rate ratio 2.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-3.79) after perforated appendicitis, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.10-3.18) after nonspecific abdominal pain, 2.15 (95% CI, 1.25-3.80) after mesenteric lymphadenitis, 2.52 (95% CI, 1.43-4.63) after other diagnoses. After nonperforated appendicitis, there was an increased risk among women but not among men (incidence rate ratio 1.37, 95% CI, 1.03-1.85, respectively, 0.89, 95% CI, 0.64-1.24). Patients operated on before age 10 years had a low risk (incidence rate ratio 0.48, 95% CI, 0.23-0.97). Crohn's disease patients with a history of perforated appendicitis had a worse prognosis. Conclusions: Appendectomy is associated with an increased risk of Crohn's disease that is dependent on the patient's sex, age, and the diagnosis at operation. The pattern of associations suggests a biologic cause.
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  • Arlander, E, et al. (författare)
  • No volume effect on retrograde colonic spread of rectally-administered ropivacaine gel
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : Wiley. - 0269-2813 .- 1365-2036. ; 18:6, s. 655-660
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Rectal administration of enemas, foams and suppositories is the most efficient way to deliver locally acting drugs to the distal colon. Ropivacaine, a long-acting local anaesthetic, was chosen as a candidate for a new rectal treatment of ulcerative colitis. Aim: To determine the colonic spread of a rectal ropivacaine formulation. Methods: In this randomized, incomplete cross-over study, 12 male volunteers were given 200 mg ropivacaine HCl rectally in 20, 40, 60 and 80 mL hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel. The viscosity of the gel was 1.1 Pa s. The spread of the radiolabelled ( 99mTc-labelled diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid) formulations was assessed by gamma-scintigraphy. Plasma was collected and analysed for ropivacaine base. Results: The retrograde spread was limited to the descending colon and the difference between the studied volumes was not statistically significant. Only the 80-mL volume tended to have a larger distribution, although the 20-mL volume showed the same maximal distribution in two subjects. No distinct relationship between volume, retrograde colonic spread and plasma concentrations could be found. Ropivacaine was well tolerated. Conclusions: Rectal ropivacaine gel in all volumes between 20 and 80 mL can spread up to the descending colon. There was no relationship between either retrograde colonic spread or the administered volume and the ropivacaine plasma concentrations.
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