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Sökning: LAR1:ki > (2000-2004) > Stockholms universitet

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  • Bergander, L, et al. (författare)
  • Characterization of in vitro metabolites of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and NMR.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Drug Metabolism And Disposition. - : American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET). - 0090-9556 .- 1521-009X. ; 31:2, s. 233-241
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The tryptophan photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ) exhibits the highest aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) binding affinity reported so far. In different cells, in vitro, both extracts of UV-irradiated tryptophan and the synthesized pure compound FICZ induce a rapid and transient expression of AhR-regulated genes. The transient induction suggests that the biotransformation gene battery induced by AhR activation takes part in a metabolic degradation of the ligand, whereby a low steady-state level is regained. The down-regulation of AhR-regulated gene expression was previously shown to be dependent on cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1). Metabolism of FICZ generates five major metabolites, which appeared as three peaks (M1-M3) in the high performance liquid chromatography. The aim of the present study was to use rat liver S9 from Aroclor-pretreated rats to produce large enough quantities of FICZ metabolites for structure characterization and to determine their product precursor relationship. NMR analysis of large combined fractions of the metabolites indicated that M3 and M2 contained 2 isomers, respectively. By means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (negative ion electrospray mode) and NMR spectroscopy (by H-1-NMR, correlation spectroscopy, and nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy techniques) five metabolites of FICZ were identified, and their structures were elucidated. The molecular weights of the two M3 isomers were 300 and both M2 and M1 compounds demonstrated molecular weights of 316, corresponding to addition of one (M3) and of two oxygen (M2 and M1), respectively. The structures were assigned as 2- and 8-hydroxy (M3), 2,10- and 4,8-dihydroxy (M2) and 2,8-dihydroxy derivatives of indolo[3,2-b] carbazole-6-carboxaldehyde (6-formylindolo[ 3,2-b] carbazole).
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  • Bergander, Linda, et al. (författare)
  • Metabolic fate of the Ah receptor ligand 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Chemico-Biological Interactions. - : Elsevier BV. - 0009-2797. ; 149:2-3, s. 151-164
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The physiological role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a member of the basic helix-loop-helix PER-ARNT-SIM (PAS) transcription factor family is not known. We have suggested that the AhR is involved in light signaling through binding of photoproducts with high AhR affinity. This suggestion is based on (i) the high AhR affinity of the tryptophan photoproduct formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), (ii) the induction of rapid and transient expression of AhR-regulated genes by FICZ and by extracts of UV-irradiated tryptophan as well as (iii) the fact that light induces the AhR-regulated cytochrome P450s CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and CYP2S1. The transient mRNA expression caused by light and tryptophan photoproducts suggests that the biotransformation enzymes induced by AhR activation take part in a metabolic degradation of the natural AhR ligand. This study aimed at identifying the involvement of phase I and phase II enzymes in the metabolic degradation of FICZ. A cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of FICZ giving rise to preferentially mono- and di-hydroxylated derivatives has earlier been reported. In the present study, rat and human hepatic S9 mixes were employed together with specific enzyme inhibitors and cofactors. Compared to the Aroclor-induced rat liver S9, the non-induced rat liver S9 and the human liver S9 caused a more complex metabolite profile of FICZ. The CYP1A1 enzyme was confirmed to be the most important enzyme for the first step in the metabolism. CYP1A2 was found to have overlapping specificity with CYP1A1 being able to form the same major metabolites although with different kinetics. CYP1B1 turned out to be preferentially involved in the further metabolism of dihydroxylated metabolites. Microsomal epoxide hydrolase, and as yet not identified forms of sulphotransferases and glucuronosyltransferases were also found to take part in the metabolic degradation of FICZ. Thus, tryptophan photoproducts fit into a model in which the ligand-activated AhR signaling is autoregulated by the induced metabolic enzymes.
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  • Bjork, P, et al. (författare)
  • The Chironomus tentans translation initiation factor eIF4H is present in the nucleus but does not bind to mRNA until the mRNA reaches the cytoplasmic perinuclear region
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of cell science. - : The Company of Biologists. - 0021-9533 .- 1477-9137. ; 116:22Pt 22, s. 4521-4532
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the cell nucleus, precursors to mRNA, pre-mRNAs, associate with a large number of proteins and are processed to mRNA-protein complexes, mRNPs. The mRNPs are then exported to the cytoplasm and the mRNAs are translated into proteins. The mRNAs containing in-frame premature stop codons are recognized and degraded in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay process. This mRNA surveillence may also occur in the nucleus and presumably involves components of the translation machinery. Several translation factors have been detected in the nucleus, but their functional relationship to the dynamic protein composition of pre-mRNPs and mRNPs in the nucleus is still unclear.Here, we have identified and characterized the translation initiation factor eIF4H in the dipteran Chironomus tentans. In the cytoplasm, Ct-eIF4H is associated with poly(A+) RNA in polysomes. We show that a minor fraction of Ct-eIF4H enters the nucleus. This fraction is independent on the level of transcription. CteIF4H could not be detected in gene-specific pre-mRNPs or mRNPs, nor in bulk mRNPs in the nucleus. Our immunoelectron microscopy data suggest that Ct-eIF4H associates with mRNP in the cytoplasmic perinuclear region, immediately as the mRNP exits from the nuclear pore complex.
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