| 1. |
- Adler, Niclas, et al.
(author)
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A collaborative research effort to bridge boundaries and support deviant youths in contemporary welfare systems.
- 2005
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In: European Management Review. - : Wiley. - 1740-4754 .- 1740-4762. ; 2:1, s. 88-99
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper analyzes the challenges of introducing new approaches to the care of deviant youths in contemporary welfare systems. The specific study of early intervention programs within the area of psychosocial disturbances will be used to explore the interplay between emerging research results and the introduction of new approaches in different functionally specialized welfare carrying organizations. This paper is based on a collaborative research effort between researchers from education, psychology, psychiatry, sociology, economics and business administration and key actors from schools, police, criminal care, social security administrations, municipal health care and municipal politicians and administrative managers. The paper demonstrates that successful introduction of new coping strategies necessitates significant efforts to support the bridging of boundaries, the challenging of legacies and the learning from evidence to change established structures.
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| 2. |
- Dahlin, Moa Kindstrom, et al.
(author)
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Mentally disordered criminal offenders : Legal and criminological perspectives
- 2009
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In: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527 .- 1873-6386. ; 32:6, s. 377-382
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Legal research in Sweden has traditionally focused on a systematization of the legal rules and their practical application, while the task of studying the effects of the application of the laws has been handed over to other branches of the social sciences. In contrast, new legal theories focusing on proactive and therapeutic dimensions in law have gained increasing attention in the international arena. These approaches may be better suited for evaluating legislation governing compulsory psychiatric care. Theoretical discussions and studies of causal mechanisms underlying criminal behaviour, as well as the implementation and value of instruments for predicting behaviour, are relevant to contemporary criminological research. Criminal behaviour varies across different groups of perpetrators, and the causes can be sought in the interplay between the individual and social factors. Multi-disciplinary efforts, integrating research from forensic psychiatry, psychology, sociology, and criminology, would be beneficial in leading to a better understanding of the causes underlying criminal behaviour.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Rasoal, Chato, et al.
(author)
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Ethnocultural Empathy Among Students in Health Care Education
- 2009
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In: Evaluation & the Health Professions. - : Sage Publications. - 0163-2787 .- 1552-3918. ; 32:3, s. 300-313
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In a multicultural society, ethnocultural empathy has becomean important element in most health settings and developmentof this capacity has become a central component for health careprofessionals in their interactions with patients and clients.In this study, differences in basic empathy and ethnoculturalempathy were explored in a sample of 365 undergraduate studentsat the beginning and end of four master’s programs inhealth care (medicine, psychology, nursing, and social work).Results showed that it was mainly psychology students in thefirst semester who had significantly higher general empathicskills and ethnocultural empathic skills compared to studentsin the other study programs. Few signs of differences betweenstudents in their first and in later semesters were obtained.The observed differences may be explained by (a) levels of admissiongrades and applications requirements or (b) different culturesand expectations from the surrounding milieus in the investigatedstudy programs.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(author)
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Tinnitus and short-term serial recall in stable versus intermittent masking conditions
- 2009
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 50:5, s. 517-522
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The relation between tinnitus and short-term memory performance in varying background sounds is not well understood. In the present study a sample of 18 persons with tinnitus completed a serial recall test in three conditions, silence, masking and intermittent masking. The performance of a matched control group without tinnitus was also investigated. Based on the literature on the "irrelevant sound effect" we expected that the tinnitus group would perform worse during intermittent masking and that they would score lower overall compared to the control group. Results revealed no statistically significant differences between the groups, nor any group interaction within sound conditions for the serial recall test. Groups did however differ regarding subjective measures of concentration problems, anxiety and depression. Results are discussed in relation to thought suppression and distraction from tinnitus.
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| 7. |
- Bergström, Jan, 1976-, et al.
(author)
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An open study of the effectiveness of Internet treatment for panic disorder delivered in a psychiatric setting
- 2009
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In: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 63:1, s. 44-50
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Panic Disorder with or without or without agoraphobia (PD/A) is common and can be treated effectively with SSRI medication or cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). There is however a great lack of access to CBT services, which has motivated the development of self-help approaches requiring less therapist contact. A novel treatment modality in this field, showing efficacy in several randomised trials but until now not evaluated within the context of regular psychiatric care, is Internet-based treatment. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of Internet-based CBT for 20 consecutively referred PD patients in a psychiatric setting. At post-treatment, 94% of patients no longer met DSM-IV criteria for PD (82% at 6-month follow up). The within-group effect sizes (for the main outcome PDSS; Panic Disorder Severity Scale) were Cohens d=2.5 (pre- to posttreatment) and 2.8 (pre-treatment to follow up) respectively. The proportion of responders on the PDSS was 75% at posttreatment and 70% at 6-month follow up. These results indicate that Internet-based CBT can be both an effective, feasible and potentially cost-effective alternative within regular psychiatric care for patients with PD.
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| 8. |
- Berntson, Erik, et al.
(author)
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The relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health
- 2007
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In: Work & Stress. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1464-5335 .- 0267-8373. ; 21:3, s. 279-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Being capable of getting new employment may enable an employee to cope with turbulent situations or deteriorating job conditions. Individuals who have higher perceived employability are likely to appraise a situation at work more favourably, and consequently experience better health and wellbeing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived employability and subsequent health, while controlling for baseline health, background factors, and work environment exposures. The study is based on 53 items in the National Working Life Cohort in Sweden from two data collections (2004 and 2005), comprising 1918 individuals. Forced entry hierarchical regression analysis showed that, after controlling for demographics, psychological demands, control, and ergonomic exposures, perceived employability was positively associated with global health and mental well-being, but unrelated to physical complaints. When baseline health status was added, perceived employability was still a significant predictor of two out of three outcome variables. Individuals with higher perceived employability had a tendency to report better health and well-being a year later. It is concluded that how an employee perceives his or her possibilities in regard to acquiring new employment is relevant for well-being at a later stage. Perceived employability, which has been little studied before, is therefore a useful concept in health promotion, both at the individual and at the organizational level.
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| 9. |
- Ek, Ulla, et al.
(author)
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Cognitive strengths and deficits in schoolchildren with ADHD.
- 2007
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In: Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 96:5, s. 756-761
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Few studies provide detailed analyses of the various aspects of the entire cognitive profile of children with ADHD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cognitive test data were analysed for 10- to 11-year-old children with (1) ADHD, (2) subthreshold ADHD and (3) milder attention and/or learning problems, and compared with normative data. RESULTS: Thirty-two had ADHD and 10 met the criteria for subthreshold ADHD, prevalence rates of 5.4% and 1.6%, respectively. On a group level, children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD, and those with milder attention and/or learning problems had almost identical cognitive profiles for the 13 subtests comprising the WISC III, with particularly low results on the arithmetic, coding, information and digit span subtests (ACID profile). When analyzed individually, a complete or incomplete ACID profile (three of four subtests) was equally common in children with ADHD/subthreshold ADHD and in children with milder problems, found in about 1/5. The relative strengths of both groups were in areas demanding logical thinking, reasoning and common sense. CONCLUSION: The specific ACID profile is as common in children with ADHD as in those with minor attention and/or learning problems. The cognitive weaknesses reflected in the ACID profile might play a role as an underlying factor in various developmental disorders.
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| 10. |
- Emami, Azita, et al.
(author)
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Making sense of illness : late in life migration as point of departure for elderly Iranian immigrants´explanatory models of illness
- 2005
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In: Journal of Immigrant Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1096-4045 .- 1573-3629. ; 7:3, s. 153-164
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article is based on data gathered through 60 qualitative interviews conducted within the realm of three research projects that have used "culture-appropriate lenses" to study the postmigration situation of late-in-life Iranian immigrants to Sweden. The findings gathered through these studies were interpreted against the backdrop that culturally appropriate nursing theories provide. This meant that it was, at times, these elders' backgrounds as cultural "others" that were implicitly used to make sense of the various issues that were brought to the fore by these studies. The particular issue with which this article is concerned is the "unusualness" of these elders' explanatory models of illness. Inspired by the concept definition of situation in the symbolic interactionist perspective and by the feeling that this perspective might bring about a different interpretation of the original findings regarding their understandings of illness and disease, we set out to conduct a secondary analysis of these elders explanatory models of illness. The findings presented in this article will show how the elderly Iranian immigrants interviewed in these three studies utilize the process of "late in life migration" as a point of reference for their understandings of what has caused the illnesses from which they suffered. Hereby we will suggest that the "unusualness" of their explanatory models of illness might be best understood if we focus on what they shared as immigrants (i.e., the fact that the process of late-in-life migration has made their culture obsolete) as opposed to what they shared as Iranians (i.e., their culture of origin).
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