| 1. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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The invisible work with tobacco cessation : strategies among dental hygienists
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 10:1, s. 54-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study elucidates dental hygienists’ experiences of work with tobacco cessation among patients who smoke or use snuff. Methods: Data were obtained and categorized by interviewing 12 dental hygienists, who worked actively with tobacco cessation interventions. Qualitative content analysis was used for analysis. Results: The latent content was formulated into the core category ‘the invisible oral health promotion work’. The informants thought that they had a responsibility to work with tobacco cessation. They perceived the financial system in which they perform the activity as frustrating, because tobacco cessation has no treatment code in the dental care insurance. This was one of several reasons why they had to integrate it in other treatment procedures. The results identified three categories: ‘balance in the meeting’, ‘possibilities and hindrance’ and ‘procedures’. In the narratives, both positive and negative aspects were displayed. Conclusions: The financial conditions for tobacco cessation interventions need to be reformed and the activity has to be given a higher priority in the organization of dental care. Practical training in performing tobacco cessation interventions is important during the dental hygiene education; otherwise, tobacco cessation interventions will remain invisible in oral health promotion in the future.
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| 2. |
- Andiappan, Anand Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating highly replicated asthma genes as candidate genes for allergic rhinitis
- 2013
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2350. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma genetics has been extensively studied and many genes have been associated with the development or severity of this disease. In contrast, the genetic basis of allergic rhinitis (AR) has not been evaluated as extensively. It is well known that asthma is closely related with AR since a large proportion of individuals with asthma also present symptoms of AR, and patients with AR have a 5-6 fold increased risk of developing asthma. Thus, the relevance of asthma candidate genes as predisposing factors for AR is worth investigating. The present study was designed to investigate if SNPs in highly replicated asthma genes are associated with the occurrence of AR. Methods: A total of 192 SNPs from 21 asthma candidate genes reported to be associated with asthma in 6 or more unrelated studies were genotyped in a Swedish population with 246 AR patients and 431 controls. Genotypes for 429 SNPs from the same set of genes were also extracted from a Singapore Chinese genome-wide dataset which consisted of 456 AR cases and 486 controls. All SNPs were subsequently analyzed for association with AR and their influence on allergic sensitization to common allergens. Results: A limited number of potential associations were observed and the overall pattern of P-values corresponds well to the expectations in the absence of an effect. However, in the tests of allele effects in the Chinese population the number of significant P-values exceeds the expectations. The strongest signals were found for SNPs in NPSR1 and CTLA4. In these genes, a total of nine SNPs showed P-values <0.001 with corresponding Q-values <0.05. In the NPSR1 gene some P-values were lower than the Bonferroni correction level. Reanalysis after elimination of all patients with asthmatic symptoms excluded asthma as a confounding factor in our results. Weaker indications were found for IL13 and GSTP1 with respect to sensitization to birch pollen in the Swedish population. Conclusions: Genetic variation in the majority of the highly replicated asthma genes were not associated to AR in our populations which suggest that asthma and AR could have less in common than previously anticipated. However, NPSR1 and CTLA4 can be genetic links between AR and asthma and associations of polymorphisms in NPSR1 with AR have not been reported previously.
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| 3. |
- Berggren, Vanja, et al.
(författare)
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Infibulated women have an increased risk of anal sphincter tears at delivery : a population-based Swedish register study of 250 000 births
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 92:1, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To investigate the risk for anal sphincter tears (AST) in infibulated women. Design. Population-based cohort study. Setting. Nationwide study in Sweden. Population. The study population included 250 491 primiparous women with a vaginal singleton birth at 37–41 completed gestational weeks during 1999–2008. We only included women born in Sweden and in Africa. The African women were categorized into three groups; a Somalian-group, n = 929, where over 95% are infibulated; the Eritrea-Ethiopia-Sudan-group, n = 955, where the majority is infibulated, compared to other African countries, n = 1035, where few individuals are infibulated, but had otherwise similar anthropometric characteristics. These women were compared to 247 572 Swedish-born women. Methods. Register study with data from the National Medical Birth Registry. Main outcome measures. AST in non-instrumental and instrumental vaginal delivery. Results. Compared to Swedish-born women, women from Somalia had the highest odds ratio for AST in all vaginal deliveries: 2.72 (95% CI 2.08–3.54), followed by women from Eritrea-Ethiophia-Sudan 1.80 (1.41–2.32) and other African countries 1.23 (0.89–1.53) after adjustment for major risk factors. Mediolateral episiotomy was associated with a reduced risk of AST in instrumental deliveries. Conclusion. Delivering African women from countries where infibulation is common have an increased risk of AST compared with Swedish-born women, despite delivering in a highly technical quality healthcare setting. AST can cause anal incontinence and it is important to investigate risk factors for this and try to improve clinical routines during delivery to reduce the incidence of this complication.
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| 4. |
- Hagell, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A Swedish version of the 16-item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 0001-6314 .- 1600-0404. ; 125:4, s. 288-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background – The PFS-16 is a 16-item fatigue scale for Parkinson’s disease (PD) developed in the UK. However, documented translations and psychometric evaluations are sparse. Aim – To translate the PFS-16 into Swedish and conduct initial testing of its psychometric properties. Methods – Following translation, the PFS-16 was administered twice (2 weeks apart) to 30 people with PD (18 men; mean age/PD duration, 60/6.4 years). The PFS-16 uses five response categories (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), and the total score is the mean over item scores (1–5; 5 = more fatigue). An alternative, dichotomised scoring method has also been suggested (total score, 0–16; 16 = more fatigue). Scaling assumptions, floor/ceiling effects, reliability, and correlations with other variables including the generic fatigue scale Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue scale (FACIT-F) were tested. Results – Scaling assumptions were generally supported for the original scoring [range of mean (SD) item scores, 2.1–3.3 (1–1.4); corrected item-total correlations, ≥0.40], but not for dichotomised scoring [range of mean (SD) item scores, 0.1–0.6 (0.3–0.5); corrected item-total correlations, ≥0.16]. Reliabilities were ≥0.88. Floor effects were absent (original scoring) and >23% (dichotomised scoring); there were no ceiling effects. Correlations with other variables followed expectations (e.g. −0.88 with FACIT-F scores). Conclusions – These observations support the psychometric properties of the Swedish PFS-16, but cautions against dichotomised scoring.
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| 5. |
- Halldén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of disease-associated factors in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 18:3, s. e132-e137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To investigate disease causing mechanism in haemophilia A patients without detectable mutation. Screening for F8 mutations in 307 haemophilia A patients using: re-sequencing and inversion PCR, reverse transcription (RT-PCR) of mRNA, MLPA analysis, haplotyping using SNP and microsatellite markers. No F8 mutations were detected in 9 of the 307 patients (2.9%) using re-sequencing and inversion PCR. MLPA analysis detected duplication in exon 6 in one patient and RT-PCR showed no products for different regions of mRNA in four other patients, indicating failed transcription. No obvious associations were observed between the phenotypes of the nine patients, their F8 haplotypes and the putative mutations detected. The mutation-positive patients carrying the same haplotypes as the mutation-negative patients show a multitude of different mutations, emphasizing the lack of associations at the haplotype level. VWF mutation screening and factor V measurements ruled out type 2N VWD and combined factor V and VIII deficiencyrespectively. To further investigate a possible role for FVIII interacting factors the haplotypes/diplotypes of F2, F9, F10 and VWF were compared. The nine patients had no specific haplotype/diplotype combination in common that can explain disease. Duplications and faulty transcription contribute to the mutational spectrum of haemophilia A patients where conventional mutation screening fail to identify mutations.
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| 6. |
- Halldén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of Swedish hemophilia A mutations
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 10:12, s. 2503-2511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hemophilia A (HA) has a high level of variation within the disease class, with more than 1000 mutations being listed in the HAMSTeRS database. At the same time a number of F8 mutations are present in specific populations at high frequencies. Objectives: The simultaneous presence of large numbers of rare mutations and a small number of high-frequency mutations raises questions about the origins of HA mutations. The present study was aimed at describing the origins of HA mutations in the complete Swedish population. The primary issue was to determine what proportion of identical mutations are identical by descent (IBD) and what proportion are attributable to recurrent mutation events. The age of IBD mutations was also determined. Patients/Methods: In Sweden, the care of HA is centralized, and the Swedish HA population consists of 750 patients from > 300 families (35% severe, 15% moderate, and 50% mild). Identical haplotypes were defined by single-nucleotide polymorphism and microsatellite haplotyping, and the ages of the mutations were estimated with estiage. Results: Among 212 presumably unrelated patients with substitution mutations, 97 (46%) had mutations in common with other patients. Haplotyping of the 97 patients showed that 47 had IBD mutations (22%) with estimated ages of between two and 35 generations. The frequency of mild disease increased with an increasing number of patients sharing the mutations. Conclusions: A majority of the IBD mutations are mild and have age estimates of a few hundred years, but some could date back to the Middle Ages.
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| 7. |
- Halldén, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Origin of Swedish hemophilia B mutations
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 11:11, s. 2001-2008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background More than 1100 mutations that cause hemophilia B (HB) have been identified. At the same time, specific F9 mutations are present at high frequencies in certain populations, which raise questions about the origin of HB mutations. ObjectivesTo describe the mutation spectrum of all HB families in Sweden and investigate if mutations appearing in several families are due to independent recurrent mutations (RMs) or to a common mutation event (i.e. are identical by descent (IBD)). Patients/MethodsThe registered Swedish HB population consists of patients from 86 families. Mutations were identified by resequencing and identical haplotypes were defined using 74 markers and a control population of 285 individuals. The ages of IBD mutations were estimated using ESTIAGE. ResultsOut of 77 presumably unrelated patients with substitution mutations, 47 patients (61%) had mutations in common with other patients. Haplotyping of the 47 patients showed that 24 patients had IBD mutations (51%) with estimated ages of between two and 23 generations. A majority of these patients had mild disease. Eight of the 15 mutations observed in more than one family were C>T transitions in CpG sites and all eight were RMs. ConclusionsThe association of IBD mutations with a mild phenotype is similar to what has been previously observed in hemophilia A. Noteworthy features of the mutations that are common to more than one family are the equal proportions of patients with RM and IBD mutations and the correlation between the occurrence of RMs and C>T transitions at CpG sites.
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| 8. |
- Hallström, Hadar, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of probiotic lozenges on inflammatory reactions and oral biofilm during experimental gingivitis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 71:3-4, s. 828-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. Probiotic bacteria have been introduced for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. The aim was to assess if daily oral administration of probiotic bacteria could influence the inflammatory response and the composition of supragingival plaque in an experimental gingivitis model. Materials and methods. Eighteen healthy female adults volunteered after informed consent. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over design was used. The buccal surface of first molars was used as experimental sites. A mouth-guard covering the first premolar to second molar was used when brushing, preventing accidental cleaning during 3 weeks of plaque accumulation. Lozenges containing L. reuteri (ATCC55730 and ATCC PTA5289) or placebo were taken twice a day. During the run-in and washout periods, professional tooth cleaning was performed 5 days/week. At baseline and follow-up, plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing were recorded. Samples of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analysed for concentration of seven inflammatory mediators. Bacterial samples were processed with checkerboard DNA/DNA-hybridization. Results. All subjects presented a local plaque accumulation and developed manifest gingivitis at the test sites during the intervention periods. The volume of GCF increased in both groups but was statistically significant only in the placebo group (p < 0.05). The concentrations of IL1-beta and IL-18 increased significantly (p < 0.05), while IL-8 and MIP1-beta decreased (p < 0.05). No differences were displayed between test and placebo. Likewise, the microbial composition did not differ between the groups. Conclusion. Daily intake of probiotic lozenges did not seem to significantly affect the plaque accumulation, inflammatory reaction or the composition of the biofilm during experimental gingivitis.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Johannsen, Annsofi, et al.
(författare)
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Dental implants from the patients perspective : transition from tooth loss, through amputation to implants – negative and positive trajectories
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Periodontology. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0303-6979 .- 1600-051X. ; 39:7, s. 681-687
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of this study was to explore patients' expectations on and experiences from dental implant treatment through deep-interview technique. Material & Methods A qualitative study design was chosen and 17 patients were interviewed by open-ended questions. All patients in the study had a previous history of periodontal disease with, in most cases, many years of treatment. The interviews were transcribed; a coding process was used according to qualitative conventional content analysis. Results In the analysis, a core category was identified as “Transition from tooth loss, to ‘Amputation’, and to implants – negative and positive trajectories”. When the patients faced the fact that it was not possible to keep the teeth any longer, a period of fear, shame and denial, which also affected their social life negatively followed. After they received their implants and the chewing ability and appearance became better, it also improved their quality of life. Conclusion Treatment with dental implants improved function, enhanced self-esteem, social life and, thus quality of life. In clinical practice, information about dental implants and motivational strategies are needed during the period before getting dental implants. Follow-up is important thereafter, capturing both the pros and cons with implants.
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