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Sökning: LAR1:liu > Berggren Magnus

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1.
  • Abdel Aziz, Ilaria, et al. (författare)
  • Electrochemical modulation of mechanical properties of glycolated polythiophenes
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Materials Horizons. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electrochemical doping of organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors is key for modulating their conductivity, charge storage and volume enabling high performing bioelectronic devices such as recording and stimulating electrodes, transistors-based sensors and actuators. However, electrochemical doping has not been explored to the same extent for modulating the mechanical properties of OMIECs on demand. Here, we report a qualitative and quantitative study on how the mechanical properties of a glycolated polythiophene, p(g3T2), change in situ during electrochemical doping and de-doping. The Young's modulus of p(g3T2) changes from 69 MPa in the dry state to less than 10 MPa in the hydrated state and then further decreases down to 0.4 MPa when electrochemically doped. With electrochemical doping-dedoping the Young's modulus of p(g3T2) changes by more than one order of magnitude reversibly, representing the largest modulation reported for an OMIEC. Furthermore, we show that the electrolyte concentration affects the magnitude of the change, demonstrating that in less concentrated electrolytes more water is driven into the film due to osmosis and therefore the film becomes softer. Finally, we find that the oligo ethylene glycol side chain functionality, specifically the length and asymmetry, affects the extent of modulation. Our findings show that glycolated polythiophenes are promising materials for mechanical actuators with a tunable modulus similar to the range of biological tissues, thus opening a pathway for new mechanostimulation devices. This work investigates the changes in the mechanical properties of glycolated polythiophenes induced by electrochemical addressing and by electrolyte concentration, due to its ability to stabilize water.
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2.
  • Abdollahi Sani, Negar, et al. (författare)
  • A ferroelectric polymer introduces addressability in electrophoretic display cells
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: FLEXIBLE AND PRINTED ELECTRONICS. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2058-8585. ; 4:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • During the last decades, tremendous efforts have been carried out to develop flexible electronics for a vast array of applications. Among all different applications investigated in this area, flexible displays have gained significant attention, being a vital part of large-area devices, portable systems and electronic labels etc electrophoretic (EP) ink displays have outstanding properties such as a superior optical switch contrast and low power consumption, besides being compatible with flexible electronics. However, the EP ink technology requires an active matrix-addressing scheme to enable exclusive addressing of individual pixels. EP ink pixels cannot be incorporated in low cost and easily manufactured passive matrix circuits due to the lack of threshold voltage and nonlinearity, necessities to provide addressability. Here, we suggest a simple method to introduce nonlinearity and threshold voltage in EP ink display cells in order to make them passively addressable. Our method exploits the nonlinearity of an organic ferroelectric capacitor that introduces passive addressability in display cells. The organic ferroelectric material poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) is here chosen because of its simple manufacturing protocol and good polarizability. We demonstrate that a nonlinear EP cell with bistable states can be produced by depositing a P(VDF-TrFE) film on the bottom electrode of the display cell. The P(VDF-TrFE) capacitor and the EP ink cell are separately characterized in order to match the surface charge at their respective interfaces and to achieve and optimize bistable operation of display pixels.
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3.
  • Abdollahi Sani, Negar, et al. (författare)
  • All-printed diode operating at 1.6 GHz
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 111:33, s. 11943-11948
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Printed electronics are considered for wireless electronic tags and sensors within the future Internet-of-things (IoT) concept. As a consequence of the low charge carrier mobility of present printable organic and inorganic semiconductors, the operational frequency of printed rectifiers is not high enough to enable direct communication and powering between mobile phones and printed e-tags. Here, we report an all-printed diode operating up to 1.6 GHz. The device, based on two stacked layers of Si and NbSi2 particles, is manufactured on a flexible substrate at low temperature and in ambient atmosphere. The high charge carrier mobility of the Si microparticles allows device operation to occur in the charge injection-limited regime. The asymmetry of the oxide layers in the resulting device stack leads to rectification of tunneling current. Printed diodes were combined with antennas and electrochromic displays to form an all-printed e-tag. The harvested signal from a Global System for Mobile Communications mobile phone was used to update the display. Our findings demonstrate a new communication pathway for printed electronics within IoT applications.
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4.
  • Abdollahi Sani, Negar, et al. (författare)
  • Flexible lamination-fabricated ultra-high frequency diodes based on self-supporting semiconducting composite film of silicon micro-particles and nano-fibrillated cellulose
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Low cost and flexible devices such as wearable electronics, e-labels and distributed sensors will make the future "internet of things" viable. To power and communicate with such systems, high frequency rectifiers are crucial components. We present a simple method to manufacture flexible diodes, operating at GHz frequencies, based on self-adhesive composite films of silicon micro-particles (Si-ÎŒPs) and glycerol dispersed in nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). NFC, Si-ÎŒPs and glycerol are mixed in a water suspension, forming a self-supporting nanocellulose-silicon composite film after drying. This film is cut and laminated between a flexible pre-patterned Al bottom electrode and a conductive Ni-coated carbon tape top contact. A Schottky junction is established between the Al electrode and the Si-ÎŒPs. The resulting flexible diodes show current levels on the order of mA for an area of 2 mm2, a current rectification ratio up to 4 × 103 between 1 and 2 V bias and a cut-off frequency of 1.8 GHz. Energy harvesting experiments have been demonstrated using resistors as the load at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz. The diode stack can be delaminated away from the Al electrode and then later on be transferred and reconfigured to another substrate. This provides us with reconfigurable GHz-operating diode circuits.
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5.
  • Abelow, Alexis, et al. (författare)
  • Electroresponsive Nanoporous Membranes by Coating Anodized Alumina with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophone) and Polypyrrole
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Macromolecular materials and engineering. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 1438-7492 .- 1439-2054. ; 299:2, s. 190-197
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electrically-active nanoporous membranes are prepared by coating the surface of anodized alumina with electroactive polymers using vapor phase polymerization with four combinations of conjugated polymers and doping ions: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophone) and polypyrrole, FeCl3 and FeTs3. The permeability of the polymer-coated membranes is measured as a function of the applied electric potential. A reversible three-fold increase is found in molecular flux of a neutral dye for membranes in oxidized state compared to that in the reduced state. After analyzing various factors that may affect the molecular transport through these membranes, it is concluded that the observed behavior results mostly from swelling/deswelling of the polymers and from the confinement of the polymers inside the nanopores.
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6.
  • Abrahamsson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Formation of Monolithic Ion-Selective Transport Media Based on "Click" Cross-Linked Hyperbranched Polyglycerol.
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in chemistry. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-2646. ; 7
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the emerging field of organic bioelectronics, conducting polymers and ion-selective membranes are combined to form resistors, diodes, transistors, and circuits that transport and process both electronic and ionic signals. Such bioelectronics concepts have been explored in delivery devices that translate electronic addressing signals into the transport and dispensing of small charged biomolecules at high specificity and spatiotemporal resolution. Manufacturing such "iontronic" devices generally involves classical thin film processing of polyelectrolyte layers and insulators followed by application of electrolytes. This approach makes miniaturization and integration difficult, simply because the ion selective polyelectrolytes swell after completing the manufacturing. To advance such bioelectronics/iontronics and to enable applications where relatively larger molecules can be delivered, it is important to develop a versatile material system in which the charge/size selectivity can be easily tailormade at the same time enabling easy manufacturing of complex and miniaturized structures. Here, we report a one-pot synthesis approach with minimal amount of organic solvent to achieve cationic hyperbranched polyglycerol films for iontronics applications. The hyperbranched structure allows for tunable pre multi-functionalization, which combines available unsaturated groups used in crosslinking along with ionic groups for electrolytic properties, to achieve a one-step process when applied in devices for monolithic membrane gel formation with selective electrophoretic transport of molecules.
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7.
  • Abrahamsson, Tobias, et al. (författare)
  • Investigating the role of polymer size on ionic conductivity in free-standing hyperbranched polyelectrolyte membranes
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Polymer. - : Elsevier. - 0032-3861 .- 1873-2291. ; 223
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Polymer-based ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are utilized for many applications such as in water desalination, energy storage, fuel cells and in electrophoretic drug delivery devices, exemplified by the organic electronic ion pump (OEIP). The bulk of current research is primarily focused on finding highly conductive and stable IEM materials. Even though great progress has been made, a lack of fundamental understanding of how specific polymer properties affect ionic transport capabilities still remains. This leads to uncertainty in how to proceed with synthetic approaches for designing better IEM materials. In this study, an investigation of the structure-property relationship between polymer size and ionic conductivity was performed by comparing a series of membranes, based on ionically charged hyperbranched polyglycerol of different polymer sizes. Observing an increase in ionic conductivity associated with increasing polymer size and greater electrolyte exclusion, indi-cating an ionic transportation phenomenon not exclusively based on membrane electrolyte uptake. These findings further our understanding of ion transport phenomena in semi-permeable membranes and indicate a strong starting point for future design and synthesis of IEM polymers to achieve broader capabilities for a variety of ion transport-based applications.
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8.
  • Abrahamsson, Tobias, 1991- (författare)
  • Synthetic Functionalities for Ion and Electron Conductive Polymers : Applications in Organic Electronics and Biological Interfaces
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the search for understanding and communicating with all biological systems, in humans, animals, plants, and even microorganisms, we find a common language of all communicating via electrons, ions and molecules. Since the discovery of organic electronics, the ability to bridge the gap and communicate be-tween modern technology and biology has emerged. Organic chemistry pro-vides us with tools for understanding and a material platform of polymer electronics for communication. Such insights give us not only the ability to observe fundamental phenomenon but to actively design and construct materials with chemical functionalities towards better interfaces and applications. Organic electronic materials and devices have found their way to be implemented in the field of medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, but also in water purification and to help tackle the monumental task in creating the next generation of sustainable energy production and storage. Ultimately it’s safe to say that organic electronics are not going to replace our traditional technology based on inorganic materials but rather the two fields can find a way to complement each other for various purposes and applications. Compared to conventional silicon based technology, production of carbon-based organic electronic polymer materials are extremely cheap and devices can even be made flexible and soft with great compatibility towards biology.  The main focus of this thesis has been developing and synthesizing new types of organic electronic and ionic conductive polymeric materials. Rational chemical design and modifications of the materials have been utilized to introduce specific functionalities to the materials. The functionalities serving the purpose to facilitate ion and electron conductive charge transport for organic electronics and with biological interface implementation of the polymer materials. Multi-functional ionic conductive hyperbranched polyglycerol polyelectrolytes (dendrolytes) were developed comprising both ionically charged groups and cross-linkable groups. The hyperbranched polyglycerol core structure of the material possesses a hydrophilic solvating platform for both ions and maintenance of solvent molecules, while being a biocompatible structure. Coupled with the peripheral charged ionic functionalities of the polymer, the dendrolyte materials are highly ionic conductive and selective towards cationic and anionic charged atoms and large molecules when implemented as ion-exchange membranes. Homogenous ion-exchange membrane casting has been achieved by the implementation of cross-linkable functionalities in the dendrolytes, utilizing robust click-chemistry for efficient micro and macro fabrication processing of the ion-ex-change membranes for organic electronic devices. The ion-exchange membrane material was implemented in electrophoretic drug delivery devices (organic electronic ion pumps), which are used for delivery of ions and neurotransmitters with spatiotemporal resolution and are able to communicate and be used for therapeutic drug delivery purposes in biological interfaces. The dendrolyte materials were also able to form free-standing membranes, making it possible for implementation in fuel cell and desalination purposes. Trimeric conjugated thiophene pre-polymer structures were also developed in the thesis and synthesized for the purpose of implementation of the material in vivo to form electrically conductive polymer structures, and in such manner to be able to create electrodes and ultimately to connect with the central nervous system. The conjugated pre-polymers being both water soluble and enzymatically polymerizable serve as a platform to realize such a concept. Also, modifying the trimeric structure with cross-linkable functionality created the capability to form better interfaces and stability towards biological environments.   
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9.
  • Ahmed, Fareed, et al. (författare)
  • Manufacturing Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrocatalytic Sheets for Large-Scale H2O2 Production
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Advanced Sustainable Systems. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc. - 2366-7486. ; 6:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Producing thick films of conducting polymers by a low-cost manufacturing technique would enable new applications. However, removing huge solvent volume from diluted suspension or dispersion (1–3 wt%) in which conducting polymers are typically obtained is a true manufacturing challenge. In this work, a procedure is proposed to quickly remove water from the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) suspension. The PEDOT:PSS suspension is first flocculated with 1 m H2SO4 transforming PEDOT nanoparticles (≈50–500 nm) into soft microparticles. A filtration process inspired by pulp dewatering in a paper machine on a wire mesh with apertures dimension between 60 µm and 0.5 mm leads to thick free-standing films (≈0.5 mm). Wire mesh clogging that hinders dewatering (known as dead-end filtration) is overcome by adding to the flocculated PEDOT:PSS dispersion carbon fibers that aggregate and form efficient water channels. Moreover, this enables fast formation of thick layers under simple atmospheric pressure filtration, thus making the process truly scalable. Thick freestanding PEDOT films thus obtained are used as electrocatalysts for efficient reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, a promising green chemical and fuel. The inhomogeneity of the films does not affect their electrochemical function. © 2021 The Authors. 
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10.
  • Ail, Ujwala, et al. (författare)
  • Effect of Sulfonation Level on Lignin/Carbon Composite Electrodes for Large-Scale Organic Batteries
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2168-0485. ; 8:49, s. 17933-17944
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The key figure-of-merit for materials in stationary energy storage applications, such as large-scale energy storage for buildings and grids, is the cost per kilo per electrochemical cycle, rather than the energy density. In this regard, forest-based biopolymers such as lignin, are attractive, as they are abundant on Earth. Here, we explored lignin as an electroactive battery material, able to store two electrons per hydroquinone aromatic ring, with the targeted operation in aqueous electrolytes. The impact of the sulfonation level of lignin on the performance of its composite electrode with carbon was investigated by considering three lignin derivatives: lignosulfonate (LS), partially desulfonated lignosulfonate (DSLS), and fully desulfonated lignin (KL, lignin produced by the kraft process). Partial desulfonation helped in better stability of the composite in aqueous media, simultaneously favoring its water processability. In this way, a route to promote ionic conductivity within the lignin/carbon composite electrodes was developed, facilitating the access to the entire bulk of the volumetric electrodes. Electrochemical performance of DSLS/C showed highly dominant Faradaic contribution (66%) towards the total capacity, indicating an efficient mixed ionic-electronic transport within the lignin-carbon phase, displaying a capacity of 38 mAh/g at 0.25 A/g and 69% of capacity retention after 2200 cycles at a rate of 1 A/g.
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