| 1. |
- Andersson, Henrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The early chain of care in bacteraemia patients: Early suspicion, treatment and survival in prehospital emergency care
- 2018
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Ingår i: American Journal of Emergency Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0735-6757 .- 1532-8171. ; 36:12, s. 2211-2218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Bacteraemia is a first stage for patients risking conditions such as septic shock. The primary aim of this study is to describe factors in the early chain of care in bacteraemia, factors associated with increased chance of survival during the subsequent 28 days after admission to hospital. Furthermore, the long-term outcome was assessed. Methods: This study has a quantitative design based on data from Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and hospital records. Results: In all, 961 patients were included in the study. Of these patients, 13.5% died during the first 28 days. The EMS was more frequently used by non-survivors. Among patients who used the EMS, the suspicion of sepsis already on scene was more frequent in survivors. Similarly, EMS personnel noted the ESS code "fever, infection" more frequently for survivors upon arriving on scene. The delay time from call to the EMS and admission to hospital until start of antibiotics was similar in survivors and non-survivors. The five-year mortality rate was 50.8%. Five-year mortality was 62.6% among those who used the EMS and 29.5% among those who did not (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study shows that among patients with bacteraemia who used the EMS, an early suspicion of sepsis or fever/infection was associated with improved early survival whereas the delay time from call to the EMS and admission to hospital until start of treatment with antibiotics was not. 50.8% of all patients were dead after five years. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Augustsson, Svante, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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How to Transfer Information Between Collaborating Human Operators and Industrial Robots in an Assembly
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings the NordiCHI 2014: The 8th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Publications. - 9781450325424 ; , s. 286-294
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible human-robot industrial coproduction will be important in many small and middle-sized companies in the future. One of the major challenges in a flexible robot cell is how to transfer information between the human and the robot with help of existing and safety approved equipment. In this paper a case study will be presented where the first half focus on data transfer to the robot communicating the human's position and movements forcing the robot to respond to the triggers. The second half focuses on how to visualize information about the settings and assembly order to the human. The outcome was successful and flexible, efficient coproduction could be achieved but also a number of new challenges were found.
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| 3. |
- Augustsson, Svante, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Human and robot interaction based on safety zones in a shared work environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: HRI '14. - New York : ACM Publications. - 9781450326582 ; , s. 118-119
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, early work on how to implement flexible safety zones is presented. In the case study an industrial robot cell emulates the environment at a wall construction site, with a robot performing nailing routines. Tests are performed with humans entering the safety zones of a SafetyEye system. The zone violation is detected, and new warning zones initiated. The robot retracts but continues its work tasks with reduced speed and within a safe distance of the human operator. Interaction is achieved through simultaneous work on the same work piece and the warning zones can be initiated and adjusted in a flexible way.
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| 4. |
- Axelsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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The Early Chain of Care in Patients with Bacteraemia with the Emphasis on the Prehospital Setting
- 2016
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Ingår i: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1049-023X .- 1945-1938. ; 31:3, s. 272-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about the early phase of severe infection. This report describes the early chain of care in bacteraemia as follows: (a) compare patients who were and were not transported by the Emergency Medical Services (EMS); (b) describe various aspects of the EMS chain; and (c) describe factors of importance for the delay to the start of intravenous antibiotics. It was hypothesized that, for patients with suspected sepsis judged by the EMS clinician, the delay until the onset of antibiotic treatment would be shorter.All patients in the Municipality of Gothenburg (Sweden) with a positive blood culture, when assessed at the Laboratory of Bacteriology in the Municipality of Gothenburg, from February 1 through April 30, 2012 took part in the survey.In all, 696 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their mean age was 76 years and 52% were men. Of all patients, 308 (44%) had been in contact with the EMS and/or the emergency department (ED). Of these 308 patients, 232 (75%) were transported by the EMS and 188 (61%) had “true pathogens” in blood cultures. Patients who were transported by the EMS were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs.The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in only six percent of the cases. These patients had a delay from arrival at hospital until the start of antibiotics of one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 21 minutes among the remaining patients (P =.0006). The corresponding figures for cases with “true pathogens” were one hour and 19 minutes versus three hours and 15 minutes (P =.009).Among patients with bacteraemia, 75% used the EMS, and these patients were older, included more men, and suffered from more severe symptoms and signs. The EMS nurse suspected sepsis in six percent of cases. Regardless of whether or not patients with true pathogens were isolated, a suspicion of sepsis by the EMS clinician at the scene was associated with a shorter delay to the start of antibiotic treatment.
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| 5. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Collaborative Robots to Support Flexible Operation in a Manufacturing System
- 2012
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Ingår i: Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing, FAIM 2012. - Tampere, Finland : Tampere University. - 9789521527838 - 9789521527845 ; , s. 531-538
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collaborative robotic systems where human(s) and robot(s) cooperate in performing a common task is an attractive solution to introduce automation combined with high flexibility for tasks that have a high complexity and characterized by low volume or down to one-off. By introducing collaboration in robotics systems, the operator can complement with cognitive capacity and skill in order to gain in flexibility and agility in the task operation. This paper describes on-going work related to work on collaboration between operator and robot. User scenarios are outlined together with methods, software components and hardware to support collaboration, where some of these are under development. As the standards related to collaborative robotic systems are soon to be completed, it is expected that this type of semi-automatic systems will be important for flexible and agile automation of production which otherwise cannot be automated.
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| 6. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, 1955-
(författare)
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Reconfigurable and Flexible Industrial Robot Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Advances in robotics & automation. - : OMICS international. - 2168-9695. ; 3
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents a concept for reconfigurable and flexible robot systems. To reach a technology readiness level where solutions and results can be implemented in industry, the focus in this work is on systems with limited number of robots, and work scenarios which are reasonable complex but hard to automate using standard solutions.Four distinct areas have been identified as important within the concept and further studies: (i) human machine interaction, (ii) safety including collaboration, (iii) programming and deployment, and (iv) planning and scheduling. Feasibility studies have been made which addressed issues (ii) and (iii), in scenarios with collaboration between robot and human, or between two robots. For the chosen work scenario, manufacturing of structures in wood for family houses, challenges related to programming and safety was identified and possible solutions outlined.The concept and the studies indicate that feasible solutions can be found and designed given a reasonable consistent work processes and products. In this study, the processes are similar, nailing and screwing but different sizes may apply, the material is similar but variations may apply, and the construction is different of each product, but include the same type of operations at different locations. Our study confirm that human collaboration improves the ability to implement and use robots as it make it possible to move some operations to the human which otherwise would add to the complexity of the system. Furthermore, programming can also I general be simplified although methods for automatic programming has been tried out. But in some cases, the solution space is limited and the ability to move certain operations to a human simplifies the programming task. However, further work needs to be done in this area specifically related to safety issues for safe collaboration.
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| 7. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Robotic Friction Stir Welding of complex geometry and mixed materials
- 2018
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Ingår i: 50th International Symposium on Robotics, ISR 2018. - : VDE Verlag GmbH. - 9783800746996 - 9781510870314 ; , s. 35-41
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state process for joining materials which has demonstrated advantages compares with other methods which include joining of mixed materials, hard to weld alloys and consistent and high quality. This paper presents a study of robotic FSW initiated by Volvo Skövde plant to join an insert workpiece of extruded aluminium with a cylinder block of aluminium casting. A three-stage procedure was decided to determine the feasibility to apply robotic FSW. The stages included study of welding the mixed materials, weld along the complex joint line with holes and channels close to the joint, and finally welding the cylinder block. The results based on preliminary analysis indicate that the final tests were successful and the process is feasible for the challenging case study. However, further studies are recommended in order to identify the operating parameters window, tool design, and control of the process in order to optimize productivity and quality. © VDE VERLAG GMBH
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| 8. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Safety System for Industrial Robots to Support Collaboration
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Ergonomics of Manufacturing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783319416960 - 9783319416977 ; , s. 253-265
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing trend towards manufacturing of customized products generates an increased demand on highly efficient work methods to manage product variants through flexible automation. Adopting robots for automation is not always feasible in low batch production. However, the combination of humans together with robots performing tasks in collaboration provides a complementary mix of skill and creativity of humans, and precision and strength of robots which support flexible production in small series down to one-off production. Through this, collaboration can be used with implications on reconfiguration and production. In this paper, the focus and study is on designing safety for efficient collaboration operator—robot in selected work task scenarios. The recently published ISO/TS 15066:2016 describing collaboration between operator and robot is in this context an important document for development and implementation of robotic systems designed for collaboration between operator and robot.
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| 9. |
- Bolmsjö, Gunnar, 1955-
(författare)
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Supporting Tools for Operator in Robot Collaborative Mode
- 2015
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Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2015) and the Affiliated Conferences, AHFE 2015. - : Elsevier. ; 3, s. 409-416
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Making use of robot automation for customized products put high demand not only on the robot but on the efficiency, simplicity and flexibility to actually deploy and use robots in manufacturing stations and production lines in short batches and low volume production. Hence, market oriented product development and production requires more products to be developed and offered in less time than before, and produced for the market with more customizable options. The role of the operator is in this context an important factor and tools are needed to support the operator for highly efficient and flexible production. In this paper, the development and study of supporting tools for operators is presented. A demonstrator has been built for robotic nailing, screwing and manipulation operation in producing scaled down gable wall elements in wood for a family house. Issues raised to support the operator included automatic programming and generating relevant information for the operator for the deployment procedure to prepare for production. During production, different concepts of safety system to support collaboration mode between the operator and the robot was developed and studied. Wearable devices was used for the operator to access the information generated and different safety configurations were developed and evaluated. The baseline for this work has been to identify industrial use cases which has a clear need for automation as well as collaboration between operator(s) and robot(s). Work scenarios were discussed and analyzed with industrial partners and it was concluded that, in addition to the deployment tools, a smart safety system which is able to detect and react on humans entering the robot system work area is needed. This should support for efficient production and less downtime for both automatic mode and collaboration mode. The benefit of operator – robot collaboration is clearly shown as well as the need for supporting tools.
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| 10. |
- De Backer, Jeroen, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Deflection model for robotic friction stir welding
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial robot. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0143-991X .- 1758-5791. ; 41:4, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to present a deflection model to improve positional accuracy of industrial robots. Earlier studies have demonstrated the lack of accuracy of heavy-duty robots when exposed to high external forces. One application where the robot is pushed to its limits in terms of forces is friction stir welding (FSW). This process requires the robot to deliver forces of several kilonewtons causing deflections in the robot joints. Especially for robots with serial kinematics, these deflections will result in significant tool deviations, leading to inferior weld quality.This paper presents a kinematic deflection model, assuming a rigid link and flexible joint serial kinematics robot. As robotic FSW is a process which involves high external loads and a constant welding speed of usually below 50 mm/s, many of the dynamic effects are negligible. The model uses force feedback from a force sensor, embedded on the robot, and predicts the tool deviation, based on the measured external forces. The deviation is fed back to the robot controller and used for online path compensation.The model is verified by subjecting an FSW tool to an external load and moving it along a path, with and without deviation compensation. The measured tool deviation with compensation was within the allowable tolerance for FSW.The model can be applied to other robots with a force sensor.The presented deflection model is based on force feedback and can predict and compensate tool deviations online.
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