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- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-
(författare)
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Designing Self-Adaptive Software Systems with Reuse
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern software systems are increasingly more connected, pervasive, and dynamic, as such, they are subject to more runtime variations than legacy systems. Runtime variations affect system properties, such as performance and availability. The variations are difficult to anticipate and thus mitigate in the system design.Self-adaptive software systems were proposed as a solution to monitor and adapt systems in response to runtime variations. Research has established a vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive systems. However, there is a lack of systematic process support that leverages such engineering knowledge and provides for systematic reuse for self-adaptive systems development. This thesis proposes the Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL), which is a strategy for developing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. The strategy exploits the separation of a managed and a managing subsystem and describes three steps that transform and integrate a domain-independent managing system platform into a domain-specific software product line for self-adaptive software systems.Applying the ASPL strategy is however not straightforward as it involves challenges related to variability and uncertainty. We analyzed variability and uncertainty to understand their causes and effects. Based on the results, we developed the Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology, which provides process support for the ASPL strategy. The ASPLe has three processes, 1) ASPL Domain Engineering, 2) Specialization and 3) Integration. Each process maps to one of the steps in the ASPL strategy and defines roles, work-products, activities, and workflows for requirements, design, implementation, and testing. The focus of this thesis is on requirements and design.We validate the ASPLe through demonstration and evaluation. We developed three demonstrator product lines using the ASPLe. We also conducted an extensive case study to evaluate key design activities in the ASPLe with experiments, questionnaires, and interviews. The results show a statistically significant increase in quality and reuse levels for self-adaptive software systems designed using the ASPLe compared to current engineering practices.
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| 2. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-
(författare)
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Barns övergångar till och från förskoleklass : Gränser, identiteter och (dis-)kontinuiteter
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this study is to gain knowledge of how the transitions to and from preschool class are described and understood by children. Previous research has indicated that transitions between different school forms can be seen as both problematic and threatening. Transitions should be facilitated and "smooth", something that indicates that continuity is important. Of interest for this study is to gain knowledge of children's perspective of continuities: which continuities and discontinuities children express intransitions.Transitions are theoretically considered as social processes that are constructed, shared and reconstructed together with others. In these processes, children mark and construct borders through speech and action. Their border markings (for example, expression of differences and/or similarities between different communities and between different school forms) also become part of a child's identity constructions.The thesis is based upon the research described in three articles. The empirical data underlying these studies was constructed in a longitudinal ethnographic inspired field work where children have been observed in two transitions between three different school forms: preschool, preschool class and compulsory school.Results suggest that from children’s perspectives the transitions between different school forms contain challenges, opportunities, limitations, changes and preservation. However, the transitions also involve expressions concerning security, risk-taking and include visual markings between the different school forms.One of the conclusions that can be drawn from this work is that it isn’t enough to turn to policy level, such as curricula or even teachers’ aims or aspirations to facilitate these transitions. The child’s perspectives need to be taken into account. Through children's narratives, we have gained knowledge about the opportunities transitions can offer, but also how transitions can be considered as threats or be difficult to interpret for children. This study has also increased our understanding of the importance of continuity as well as discontinuity to mark borders between different school forms.
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| 3. |
- Adbo, Karina
(författare)
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Relationships between models used for teaching chemistry and those expressed by students
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused upon chemistry as a school subject and students' interpretations and use of formally introduced teaching models. To explore students' developing repertoire of chemical models, a longitudinal interview study was undertaken spanning the first year of upper secondary school chemistry. Matter in its different states was selected as the target framework for this study. The results presented are derived from both generalisations of groups of students as well as a case study describing an individual learner's interpretation of formal content. The results obtained demonstrated that the formal teaching models provided to the students included in this study were not sufficient to afford them a coherent framework of matter in its different states or for chemical bonding. Instead, students' expressed models of matter and phase change were to a high degree dependent on electron movement (Paper I), anthropomorphism (Paper II) and, for one student, a mechanistic approach based on small particles and gravitation (Paper III). The results from this study place focus on the importance of learners' prior learning (previous experiences) and the need to develop a coherent framework of formal teaching models for the nature of matter and phase change.
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| 5. |
- Adeniji, Anna
(författare)
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Inte den typ som gifter sig? : Feministiska samtal om äktenskapsmotstånd
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här avhandlingen undersöker frågan om äktenskapsmotstånd i dagens svenska samhälle, media och kultur. Boken belyser olika sätt att uttrycka äktenskapsmotstånd och vad det betyder att formulera feministisk kritik av normerande familjevärderingar.Undersökningen baseras på etnografi och kritisk kulturanalys och granskar synen på äktenskap, relationer och familj som ett kulturellt imaginärt fält. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer med kvinnor som inte har velat gifta sig, liksom ett brett material från tv, webbsidor, dagstidningar, skvallerpress och bloggar.I avhandlingen genomförs och presenteras en feministisk metodologisk process, grundat i akademiskt kreativt och självreflexivt skrivande. Detta innebär att skrivprocessen, textformatet, liksom minnesarbete, olika intervjutekniker och andra kreativa analytiska praktiker är en del av det metodologiska ramverket.De teoretiska perspektiven som ligger till grund för denna studie består av flera feministiska strömningar: radikalfeminism, queerfeminism, liberealfeminism, anarkafeminism och ett socialt rättviseperspektiv. De belyser, på olika sätt, intersektioner mellan äktenskap, genus, sexualitet, nationalitet, klass och makt. En gemensam utgångspunkt är att identitetskategorier, möjligheter att agera liksom vår plats i världen är konstruerade av maktrelationer och normativa föreställningar om genus. Dessa perspektiv tillhandahåller analytiska verktyg för att diskutera och dekonstruera kulturella föreställningar om äktenskap och äktenskapsmotstånd.
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| 7. |
- Adolfsson, Carl-Henrik, 1976-
(författare)
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Kunskapsfrågan : En läroplansteoretisk studie av den svenska gymnasieskolans reformer mellan 1960-talet och 2010-talet
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In a society where the labour market is becoming increasingly knowledge intensive and more differentiated, education has assumed greater importance for the capitalist states integrative functions as for the competitiveness in the global economy. As a consequence, the educational system has become a key governing resource for the state to meet and manage different kinds of social changes and problems. Against this background the thesis raises the main question - “what kind of societal problems are the educational reforms studied here considered to be the solution of?” The aim of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of the changes of the formation of knowledge in Swedish upper secondary curriculum between the 1960s and 2010s. In what way attained these changes in view of knowledge legitimacy in relation to the socioeconomic context? And what do these changes mean in terms of the attribution of the positioning of upper secondary school pupils and teachers? This thesis draws on a “classical” theoretical framework of curriculum theory (i.e. the frame-factor theory) this means that the analytical focus is directed at the relationship between the content of the curriculum and the social context. With theoretical and methodological inspiration from critical realism and critical discourse analysis (CDA) the thesis argue for an alternative way to theoretical and empirical examined this relationship. Three historical reform periods are used to explore the discursive changes in the formation of knowledge in the Swedish upper secondary education reforms. The results show how changes in socioeconomic conditions, such as economic crisis, over time have acted as important triggers for governing mechanisms embedded in the control of the educational system. These changes and mechanisms, in turn, have resulted in some major discursive knowledge shifts between the reforms studied, from the 1960s combination of an economic-rational and an objective-subject knowledge discourse, through the deregulated goal-rational and socio-cultural oriented knowledge discourse of the 1990s towards the 2010s knowledge discourses that are characterized by an increased focus on learning outcomes and measurability. Against the background of these discursive shifts, the analysis also points to some underlying continuities in terms of a general “reform imperative”, based on a number of overarching values such as efficiency and rationality. The result show how this imperative was embedded in all three educational reforms and has ruled the order of discourses about what was deemed to be legitimate curriculum knowledge, a professional teacher and a desirable pupil.
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| 8. |
- Adolfsson Jörby, Sofie
(författare)
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Sustainable Development in Swedish Municipalities : To know, to be able, to want and to do
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A process of change like the building-up of sustainable societies can be visualised as four steps: to know, to be able, to want and to do. To pay attention to the appropriate measures and the best solutions implies a wide range of knowledge of natural and societal conditions. But to make it possible to realize them, there has to be space of action including physical tools (technique, money etc.), as well as desire and courage among the participants and decision-makers to act towards sustainability. The most important prerequisites for sustainable development are considered to be appropriate natural resources management and public participation. In this thesis I concentrate on the possibilities of modifying administration at local levels in order to economise resources in durable ways, locally as well as globally. In some case studies I examine to what extent local Agenda 21 (LA21) processes can facilitate this realization. In developing more sustainable societies I emphasise the following aspects to be among the most relevant: Society has to prepare for unexpected outcomes, thus the apparent unpredictability of the behaviour of ecosystems and their response to impacts have to be taken into account in planning and in making decisions. Moreover, it has to be discussed what to do if aims are reached without obtaining the expected recovery in the ecosystems and in the natural situation. Environmental space and function should more often be used as a basis when managing natural resource. Finally, the interplay beween the central and the local levels should be enhanced in order to choose the most relevant measures and to strive in the same direction: towards creating more flexible societies. The LA21 processes can very well be excellent tools in this work because they provide platforms for better understanding and exchange of knowledge and experience among different levels of society. These discussions can make the participants more willing to take actions as well as to find new solutions and new ways acting. The case studies show that the first steps towards more sustainable societies are taken. The support for LA21 given by the local governments has been and is absolutely vital to the progress and results of the processes. The most progressive results are found in the municipalities of the case study where top-level politicians have been most interested and have taken on the responsibility of LA21. My main conclusions of how the LA21 processes and the striving towards sustainability could be improved are that goals and visions should be discussed more thoroughly involving many parts of society. More and more these visions and objectives should observe the connections between environmental, economic and social issues. Furthermore, measures and actions should be diversified and flexible, and co-operation across administrative borders should be developed. It is also essential to formulate strategies of how to deal with up-coming ideas and proposals as well as how to increase the level of influence of all participants. In order to improve the handling of natural resources the kind of resource and the functions making it one has to be identified. To choose the most appropriate measures it is important to know if the resource is vital and scarce, scarce, or poisonous and/or if its use may cause pollution. Paper I comprises the frame of and the tools for developing the local system in Sweden in the direction of global sustainability. Swedish municipalities have taken the first steps towards sustainability mainly through local Agenda 21 processes. Environmental issues have a prominent role in the decision-making of the local governments, but social and economic topics are not connected to decisions on sustainable development to the same extent. How to proceed at the local level is discussed in this paper as is the national frame and local prerequisities for achieving sustainable development. This article states that most important factors, when creating sustainable societies, are active, high-level politicians and officials, a structured process with co-operation aiming at including all stakeholders' real influence, increased knowledge among all participants, positive thinking, feedback and information, money and much time. To use limited projects as one of the first steps of a more comprehensive process may attract more inhabitants to take part. Their results can be shown quite rapidly, further encouraging actions and involvement in other areas of interest. The papers II and III are based on a five-year study of the LA21 processes in four Swedish municipalities. In Paper II the LA21 of two of the chosen municipalities are analysed. Comparisons between attitudes among local politicians and officials and LA21 documents and projects indicate that the most important issues, to protect clean air and to co-operate with the inhabitants in LA21, are followed up in plans, actions and projects connected to LA21. The local governments have made efforts to improve the natural resources management, to prolong the views of planning in the local government, but they have difficulties in interpreting visions and long-term goals in their daily decisions. It is still too early to discern whether or not the two municipalities have moved towards sustainability. Paper III includes results from all four municipalities. This study shows that the LA21 processes have aroused many new thoughts, brought fields together and introduced new subjects into the municipal world. In the decisions of the local govemments' environmental considerations are treated seriously. There are signs of an increased dialogue and of public influence, especially within fields where the inhabitants are users. It is indicated that LA21 does not seem to have great influence on which natural resources are dealt with, but on how. New stakeholders within and outside the municipal organization have been identified through the LA21 processes, and more comprehensive ways of solving problems and a positive climate of testing new ideas have been created. In these respects LA21 has been and will be a significant support to the development of appropriate natural resources management at the local level. In Paper IV a part of a local Agenda 21 project aiming at reducing the nutrient supply into a Swedish Baltic Sea fjord is analysed. The reduction is to be carried out in way that permits and facilitates the re-use of the nutrients as fertilizers. This article is focused on how to implement the project and on how to increase public participation, especially that of farmers and owners of houses of single sewage treatment systems. Increased public participation needs continuous efforts by the project leaders. Indivdual as well as group actions, forming of small groups, information, feedback and continous encouragement are crucial. The homogenous group of farmers considers the management of natural resources very important. They have voluntarily formed five watercourse groups where community management is developed. The owners of houses of single sewage treatment systems form a heterogeneous group. They are mostly interested in individual measures. Constant changes of the prerequisites of sewage systems and lack of knowledge are other obstacles against carrying out voluntary measure.
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