| 1. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
ASPLe : a methodology to develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advances in computing technologies are pushing software systems and their operating environments to become more dynamic and complex. The growing complexity of software systems coupled with uncertainties induced by runtime variations leads to challenges in software analysis and design. Self-Adaptive Software Systems (SASS) have been proposed as a solution to address design time complexity and uncertainty by adapting software systems at runtime. A vast body of knowledge on engineering self-adaptive software systems has been established. However, to the best of our knowledge, no or little work has considered systematic reuse of this knowledge. To that end, this study contributes an Autonomic Software Product Lines engineering (ASPLe) methodology. The ASPLe is based on a multi-product lines strategy which leverages systematic reuse through separation of application and adaptation logic. It provides developers with repeatable process support to design and develop self-adaptive software systems with reuse across several application domains. The methodology is composed of three core processes, and each process is organized for requirements, design, implementation, and testing activities. To exemplify and demonstrate the use of the ASPLe methodology, three application domains are used as running examples throughout the report.
|
|
| 2. |
- Abbas, Nadeem, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL) - A Technical Report
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes a work in progress to develop Autonomic Software Product Lines (ASPL). The ASPL is a dynamic software product line approach with a novel variability handling mechanism that enables traditional software product lines to adapt themselves at runtime in response to changes in their context, requirements and business goals. The ASPL variability mechanism is composed of three key activities: 1) context-profiling, 2) context-aware composition, and 3) online learning. Context-profiling is an offline activity that prepares a knowledge base for context-aware composition. The context-aware composition uses the knowledge base to derive a new product or adapts an existing product based on a product line's context attributes and goals. The online learning optimizes the knowledge base to remove errors and suboptimal information and to incorporate new knowledge. The three activities together form a simple yet powerful variability handling mechanism that learns and adapts a system at runtime in response to changes in system context and goals. We evaluated the ASPL variability mechanism on three small-scale software product lines and got promising results. The ASPL approach is, however, is yet at an initial stage and require improved development support with more rigorous evaluation.
|
|
| 3. |
- Abud, Matt
(författare)
-
Toward Gender Equality : Women and the Media in Vietnam
- 2018
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The Gender-in-Media Landscape Study (Vietnam) aims to inform the activities of the Southeast Asia Media Training Network by exploring gender equity in the media workplace. Towards this end, data was gathered through a broad survey and multiple focus group discussions.The survey found:More women worked in the media than men, including in recent years increasing numbers in management positions. Balancing work demands with family pressures – which by far fall dispro- portionately upon women – was a significant challenge to many careers.Women and men worked across a wide range of roles and beats within the industry, with the main exception being relative dominance of male journalists in sport and science and technology reporting.Media institutions followed legally-mandated leave requirements, including maternity leave. However, any further policies and operations in support of gender equity – such as some flexibili- ty in hours, or carer’s leave – were inconsistent, and generally ad-hoc or dependent on personal arrangements where they exist. They often don’t adequately meet staffing needs.The great majority of respondents received at least some training in the past two years which was valued; the main complaint was the limited number of training sessions. Men had greater general access, although majorities of both genders received training.
|
|
| 4. |
- Abud, Matt
(författare)
-
Toward Gender Equity : Women and Media in Cambodia
- 2018
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This report aims to provide Fojo and its project partners with data and perspectives on gender in the media workplace, which can help ensure gender is integrated throughout project activities. in Cambodia project partners are the Cambodian Centre for Independent Media (CCIM) and the Cambodia Communications Institute (CCI). The report includes a brief overview of Cambodia’s current political situation, national-level gender issues, and media industry, including the industry’s scale and levels of media freedom. This provides context to interpret the findings on gender dynamics within the media sector itself.As described under ‘Methodology’ below, the data are both qualitative and quantitative, combining focus group discussions and an extended survey. The researchers hope the data can meet the goal of informing and supporting curriculum design and delivery, whether in ‘technical’ skills or in broader gender awareness and policy; and in supporting the gender policies of both partners and Fojo.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-
(författare)
-
Det är ju ingenting vi bett om... : En studie av en integrationsprocess mellan förskoleklass och skola, med fokus på personal i förändring
- 2006
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det övergripande syftet med rapporten är att följa en integration mellan förskoleklass och grundskola på en enhet under ett läsår. Undersökningen fokuseras på lärarnas och skolledningens uppfattningar om verksamheten i samband med förändringsprocessen både före, under och efter den fysiska integrationen. Tyngdpunkten läggs på att se vad olika grupper och kulturer samt läraryrkenas historiska och traditionella bakgrund spelar för roll i deras uppfattningar. I undersökningen har aktionsforskning använts. Metoden är tillåtande för triangulering, och vid datainsamlingen har samtal, observation/dagbok samt enkäter använts. Resultaten visar att förändringprocessen påverkades av att grundskollärarna så småningom underordnade sig samverkansreformen. Förskollärarna däremot balkaniserade sig och skapade ett friutrymme. Förändringsprocessen påverkades därför av en tyst maktkamp mellan lärarna, avseende inbördes traditionell och historisk rangordning, samt en kamp om pedagogiska metoder. Genom att underordna sig tog grundskollärarna makten över samverkan. Ingen spontan samverkan etablerades under det första verksamhetsåret.
|
|
| 6. |
- Adjin-Tettey, Theodora Dame, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards sustainable journalism in sub-Sahara : Policy brief
- 2021
-
Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The sustainability crisis of society, e.g. environmental crises, democratic crises, poverty, financial crises, armed conflicts, etc. Obviously, journalism has a crucial role to play here since it contributes greatly to the public agenda, as well as people’s understanding – and hence the handling – of such challenges. The sustainability crisis of journalism itself, which stems from lower advertising, decreasing subsidies for public service media, falling consumption, lack of trust in media among citizens, and fierce competition from online information brokers and advertising.The complex reality of today requires this kind of integrated journalistic approach in order to uphold the democratic function and not least the legitimacy of professional journalism. Consequently, journalism’s response to the sustainability challenges can be seen as a prerequisite for the future sustainability of journalism itself, ranging from high-quality, in-depth coverage to robust business models, but also extending into considerations of media systems and relations with governments and business interests.In this way, sustainable journalism attempts to counter the obvious risk that the efforts to maintain economic sustainability of the journalistic enterprise take place at the expense of professional journalism’s social/democratic mission – to hold power to account and to inform citizens, and to spur public engagement about current and future economic, social, and environmental challenges.Furthermore, sustainable journalism refers to journalism that integrates the three sustainability dimensions in its coverage and its financing and does not isolate environmental issues from social and economic conditions as if they were siloed issues. Examples of this kind of integrated approach would be journalism that:reflects the economic aspects of an increasingly globalising society at the same time as it acknowledges the social and environmental consequences of these aspects,is underwritten by value from new advertising formats that doesn’t jeopardise the integrity and trust of citizens, andinterlinks local and national consequences of (for instance) climate change with their economic and social ramifications on a global scale.Given the importance of the Agenda 2030 and the Paris agreement, another function of sustainable journalism can be seen as carefully scrutinising the compliance of the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 as well as exposing the sustainability challenges associated with them.However, sustainable journalism may not be practised in the same way in all countries and by each publisher, as each country and media institution has unique challenges that confront their sustainability. In order to appreciate how sustainable journalism is to be practised in the sub-Saharan African context, it is important to establish the setting within which media organisations and journalists carry out their informational mandate. It is equally important to explore the issues that confront the environmental, social and economic sustainability of media within sub-Saharan Africa.This study consequently includes a summary of three different sets of discussions, held over a two-week period in January 2021 with reporters, news editors and representatives of media development organisations in Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Kenya. The aim was to ascertain how these key stakeholders regard sustainable journalism and its possible application in sub-Saharan Africa.The golden thread that ran through discussions was that sustainable journalism connects critical developmental issues in sub-Saharan Africa to the practice of journalism. Participants were of the view that there is a general trend of slow social and economic development within sub-Saharan Africa, coupled with a looming environmental crisis, due inter alia to poor environmental governance. They also agreed that what uniquely sets sustainable journalism apart from other new journalistic approaches is the provision of a model or framework for journalists to address contemporary issues that are tied to sustainable development. And while providing this framework, it also obliges journalists to concentrate on local contexts and the three interdependent dimensions of sustainability, and to find ways to win support for the sustainability of their own service to society.
|
|
| 7. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Abandoning intolerance in a tolerant society : the influence of length of residence on the recognition of political rights among immigrants
- 2017
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents and empirically evaluates the idea that individual level political tolerance is influenced by the overall tolerance in society. Hence, the expectation is that more politically tolerant attitudes would be developed as a consequence of exposure to a social environment in which people in general are more inclined to accept freedom of speech, also when the message (or the messenger as such) challenges one’s own values and beliefs. The theoretical base of the analyses is a learning model, according to which more broad-minded and permissive attitudes, from a democratic point of view, are adopted as a result of (1) an adjustment stimulated by mere observation of an overall high-level of political tolerance in society (‘passive learning’), and (2) an adjustment due to cognition and interaction within important spheres in society (‘active learning’). Using surveydata, we explore empirically how length of residence among immigrants in high-tolerance Sweden are related to attitudinal measures of political tolerance, and to what extent a time-related effect is mediated through participation in ‘learning institutions’ of education, working-life, civil society and political involvement. In concert with expectations, the empirical findings suggest that an observed positive effect of time in Sweden on political tolerance may be explained by a gradual adoption of the principle that political rights should be recognized. Such an adoption, however, seems to require participation in activities of learning institutions, as we find that passive learning alone is not sufficient.
|
|
| 8. |
- Adman, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Can’t, won’t, or no one to ask? : Explaining why more recently arrived immigrants know less about Swedish politics
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Immigrants in Western countries in general participate less in politics, and show lower levels of political efficacy, than native-born citizens. Research is scarce when it comes to immigrants’ knowledge about politics and public affairs in their new home country, and about what happens with this knowledge over the years. This paper focuses on immigrants in Sweden, a country known for ambitious multicultural policies, but where immigrants also face disadvantages in areas such as labor and housing markets. Utilizing particularly suitable survey data we find that immigrants in general know less about Swedish politics than natives, but also that this difference disappears with time. Exploring the positive influence of length of residence on political knowledge, the paper shows that the positive effect of time in Sweden among immigrants remains after controlling for an extensive set of background factors. Moreover, the paper examines this political learning effect through the lens of an Ability– Motivation–Opportunity (AMO) model. The findings suggest that the development of an actual ability to learn about Swedish politics—via education in Sweden, and by improved Swedish language skills—is an especially important explanation for the increase in political knowledge.
|
|
| 9. |
- Adman, Per, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Political Trust as Modest Expectations : Exploring Immigrants’ Falling Confidence in Swedish Political Institutions
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent studies report high levels of political trust among immigrants in Western Europe. Notably, such confidence tend to be particularly pronounced among immigrants from countries without democratic institutions and poor records in terms of corruption level. Yet over time, members of these population categories tend to express decreasing levels of political trust. Following previous research, such a pattern may be explained by high initial—although with time retreating—expectations concerning the quality of institutions in Western Europe. Analyzing Swedish survey data—particularly appropriate in the light of competing hypotheses concerning acculturation and barriers to integration, including discrimination—this paper presents additional support for the importance of expectations when it comes to political trust. Our analyses suggest that the gradual development of more modest expectations regarding institutional performance in the new country is a trustworthy explanation of the falling levels of immigrants‘ political trust.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
