| 1. |
- Drake, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability of isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor strength measurements in healthy young men and women
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5505 .- 1940-2228. ; 31:4, s. 229-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purposes of this study were: (i) to determine the test-retest reliability of isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor strength measurements in young healthy adults using the Biodex dynamometer, and (ii) to examine several statistical measures for the interpretation of reliability. Thirty men and women (mean age 23 +/- 3 years) performed three maximal concentric contractions at 30 degrees/s, 60 degrees/s, 90 degrees/s, 120 degrees/s and 150 degrees/s. Reliability of peak torque, work and torque at a specific time were assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1), Pearson product moment correlation coefficient (r), standard error of the measurement (SEM), method error (ME) and coefficient of variation (CV), and by plotting the differences between observations against their means. Isokinetic tests of ankle dorsiflexor strength in healthy young adults using the Biodex dynamometer were highly reliable (ICC 0.61-0.93). It is recommended that test-retest reliability analyses include the ICC and assessments of measurement errors (SEM, ME or CV), as well as graphs to indicate any systematic variations in the data.
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| 2. |
- Miller, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Superimposed single impulse and pulse train electrical stimulation: A quantitative assessment during submaximal isometric knee extension in young, healthy men
- 1999
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Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 22:8, s. 1038-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Superimposed electrical stimulation techniques can be used to detect central activation failure (CAF), defined as incomplete central nervous system recruitment, suboptimal activation of motor units, or both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate superimposed electrical stimulation techniques to be used to detect CAF during isometric knee extension. We performed three sets of experiments and compared the torque increments from transcutaneous electrical stimulation with: (i) single impulses of different amplitudes (100 V, 150 V, and 200 V) and a pulse train of 100 Hz (100 V, 100 ms); (ii) pulse trains (100 Hz, 100 V) of different lengths (100 ms, 200 ms, and 300 ms); and (iii) pulse trains (100 Hz, 100 ms) of different amplitudes (50 V, 100 V, 150 V, and 200 V). Stimulation was evaluated at submaximal (80% of MVC) isometric knee extension in 24 healthy young men using a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Electrodes were placed over the rectus femoris muscle and all stimulation impulses were monophasic, rectangular waves of 0.2-ms duration. Pulse train stimulation at 100 V always elicited a torque increment, whereas single impulse stimulation, even at 200 V, only caused a torque increment in about half of the trials. For each subject, the pulse train generated a significantly larger torque increment than for any of the three single impulses. There was no significant difference in torque increment between the three pulse trains of different lengths. Pulse trains at 150 V and 200 V generated significantly larger torque increments than at 50 V and 100 V. High-frequency maximal train stimulation may thus improve the detection of CAF during isometric knee extension. Detection of CAF may be important in the clinical assessment of muscle weakness, investigating the mechanisms underlying muscle weakness, and evaluating potential therapeutic strategies.
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| 3. |
- Sidenvall, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Elderly patients' meal patterns : A retrospective study
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of human nutrition and dietetics (Print). - 0952-3871 .- 1365-277X. ; 9:4, s. 263-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine possible causes of malnutrition in geriatric patients on admission to hospital by evaluation and comparison of their meal pattern between periods of working, retirement and hospitalization, respectively. Forty-five consecutive patients aged 60 years or older participated. By use of modified dietary history interviews, a retrospective assessment of food intake was carried out. A qualitative system for meal classification was then applied. In the retirement period there was a strong reduction in daily eating frequency when compared to working and hospital periods. Thus, the daily intake and also distribution of energy and nutrients seem to be reduced during retirement, which might lead to nutritional deficiency.
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| 4. |
- Gard, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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Motivating factors for return to work
- 1998
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Research International. - : Wiley. - 1358-2267 .- 1471-2865. ; 3:2, s. 100-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A new concept to increase return to work for patients listed as sick with chronic musculoskeletal pain has been used at a rehabilitation centre in Lulea, Sweden. The programme includes work for three days a week and intensive rehabilitation for two days a week, for 12 weeks, as a combination of 'on the job' training and rehabilitation after a period off work sick. The rehabilitation programme focused on pain reduction, identifying and finding solutions to pain problems in actual work and life situations and training of the functional capacities needed in the work and life situation. The aim of the study was to describe patients' perceptions of motivating factors for return to work. METHODS: A phenomenological method was used. A naive reading of interview notes was followed by structural analyses and reflections on the interpreted whole. Inclusion criteria for the study were musculoskeletal pain for at least one year and a period of at least four weeks' sick leave during that time. Ten patients, aged 30-54 years, participated in the study. An initial conceptual framework was developed to inform the scope of the study and to guide data collection and analysis. RESULTS: Different factors in the study framework influenced motivation to return to work. Among structural factors the division of labour at work was the most important motivator, particularly the ability to do as much as work colleagues, quantitatively and qualitatively. All the patients had jobs in the healthcare or service sectors, jobs with many social contacts. They perceived their work task content as being of minor importance compared to whether the tasks were perceived as meaningful or highly needed by others. All wanted a meaningful job content and a job which they could do in a satisfactory way according to their own norms and compared to colleagues. This highly increased motivation for return to work. Relationships (in terms of co-operation with colleagues and service to patients or clients) were important motivating factors for return to work. Self-confidence was a new factor of importance for return to work; work tasks had to be meaningful and needed by others, work must be done in a way satisfactory for the individual and in a way that was acceptable to others in the group. Everyday responsibility, feedback and support in daily work tasks were important. These aspects increased self-confidence. The results supported the development of a new conceptual framework for possible motivating factors for return to work. CONCLUSIONS: Structure, content, relationships, health and self-confidence were all important motivating factors for return to work.
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| 5. |
- Jacobson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Hur ser en damfotbollspelare ut?
- 1999
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Ingår i: Svensk idrottsmedicinsk förenings vårmöte. - : Svensk idrottsmedicinsk förening.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Lennernäs, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Food-based classification of eating episodes (FBCE)
- 1999
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Ingår i: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 32:1, s. 53-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept for categorization of eating episodes in dietary surveys was originally developed in studies of shift workers to compare 'meal patterns' between night and day work shifts. The concept has been further improved through experience from applications in dietary surveys in other populations. In this paper, results from categorization of eating episodes in shift workers, elderly women and men during life transition periods, elderly female leg ulcer patients and obese men and their lean controls are shown and discussed. The categorization concept is based on seven food categories with food items of similar nutrient characteristics within each category. Each eating event is categorized as any of four types of 'meals' or four types of 'snacks' due to its combination of food categories. Thus, categorization is based on visible properties (food types) but at the same time reflecting invisible properties (nutrients). Criteria is also established to sub-categorize the 'meal' types as being either 'prepared' or 'quick-prepared' from a behavioural perspective. Use of a defined and reliable concept for categorization is necessary to study eating episodes in dietary surveys, their determinants and also consequences on health and performance. Nocturnal eating during the circadian nadir might affect nutritional status. Since increasingly western populations appear to be moving from regular and planned meals to more episodic eating 'around the clock', such analyses are of increasing interest in a bio-social perspective.
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| 8. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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A morphometrical comparison of right and left whole human vastus lateralis muscle: how to reduce sampling errors in biopsy techniques
- 1991
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - 1365-2281 .- 0144-5979. ; 11:3, s. 271-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In studies of the effects of different training programmes, one muscle--most commonly the vastus lateralis--is used for the experiment while the contralateral muscle serves as a control, at the same time as muscle biopsies are taken from both sides. In order to increase the reliability of such studies, the sources and the magnitude of the sampling errors in the biopsy techniques need to be assessed in detail. In this study, cross-sections of whole right and left vastus lateralis muscle from six young sedentary right-handed men were prepared, and the total number and size of fibres and the proportion of the different fibre types were calculated. A significant difference (P less than 0.05-P less than 0.001) between the right and the left muscle was found for at least one of the three variables in each of the six men, but there was no systematic difference and, therefore, no significant right-left difference for the whole group. The maximum difference between the right and the left side for the mean fibre size was 25% and for the fibre type proportion 5%; these differences are much smaller than the known variation within individual muscles. In conclusion, any study involving biopsies from both the right and the left vastus lateralis may use either muscle for the experiment while the contralateral muscle serves as a control without leading to systematic sampling error, whereas the errors involved in taking small samples from each muscle are much more important to control and to reduce.
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| 9. |
- Lexell, Jan
(författare)
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Effekter av styrke- och uthållighetsträning på skelettmuskulaturen hos äldre. Gamla muskler blir som nya!
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 96:3, s. 207-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A well-known effect of increasing age is the gradual reduction of muscle function, and thus of performance in the activity of daily living. Recent research has shown that, even among the very elderly, exercise can improve not only strength and endurance, but also balance and mobility, thus reducing the risk of falls. The possibility of counteracting some of the age-related muscle changes has also been demonstrated. The article reviews current knowledge of strength and endurance training in the elderly, the importance of exercise to improve physical performance, and how lifelong exercise can counteract the effects associated with the ageing of the neuromuscular system.
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| 10. |
- Lexell, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Fibre type composition of rabbit tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Anatomy. - 0021-8782 .- 1469-7580. ; 185:Pt 1, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles are used extensively in studies of stimulation-induced fibre type transformation, but the proportions and sizes of the 2 main fibre types, and the way in which they are distributed within the muscles, have never been described in any detail. In this study, transverse sections were processed by enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques and assessed morphometrically. The data were analysed by multivariate methods. In both TA and EDL muscles, the proportion of type 1 fibres varied significantly, and to a similar extent, within a cross-section, from lateral to medial and from superficial to deep parts. The fibre density, an indirect estimate of the mean muscle fibre area, also varied significantly, but not systematically, within a cross-section. For the EDL muscle, the proportion of type 1 fibres was consistently higher in the distal than in the proximal part of the muscle. The proportion of type 1 fibres was also significantly higher in the EDL than in the TA muscle for each of the 6 rabbits. There was no systematic variation between muscles from left and right limbs. The type proportions and fibre densities for both TA and EDL muscles differed significantly between individual rabbits, but not between sexes. The study provides a database that has hitherto been lacking on normal fibre type composition and its variation within and between these experimentally important muscles.
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