| 1. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Conductive Regenerated Cellulose Fibers by Electroless Plating
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Fibers. - Basel : MDPI. - 2079-6439. ; 7:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Continuous metallized regenerated cellulose fibers for advanced applications (e.g. multi-functional composites) are produced by electroless copper plating. Copper is successfully deposited on the surface of cellulose fibers using commercial cyanide-free electroless copper plating package commonly available for manufacturing of printed wiring boards. The deposited copper is found to enhance the thermal stability, electrical conductivity and resistance to moisture uptake of the fibers. On the other hand, involved chemistry results in altering the molecular structure of the fibers as is indicated by the degradation of their mechanical performance (tensile strength and modulus).
|
|
| 2. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-
(författare)
-
Development of Constituents for Multi-functional Composites Reinforced with Cellulosic Fibers
- 2019
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Bio-basedcomposites are being increasingly used in applications where weight saving,and environmental friendliness is as important as structural performance. Obviously, bio-based materials have their limitations regarding durability and stability of the properties,but their potential in use for advanced applications can be expanded if they were functionalized and considered beyond their structural performance.Multifunctionalityincomposites can be achieved by modifyingeither of the composite constituents at different levelsso that they can perform energy-associated roles besides their structural reinforcement in the system. For the fibers, this can be done at the microscale by altering theirmicrostructure during spinning process or by applying functional coatings. As for the matrix, it is usually done by incorporating additives that can impart the required characteristics to the matrix. The nano-sized additives that mightbe considered for this objective are graphene and carbon nano-tubes. A big challenge with such materials is the difficulty to reachthe dispersionstate necessary for formation ofstable network to overcome the percolation threshold for conductivity. However, once the network is formed, the composite can have improved mechanical performance together with one or more of the added functionalities such as barrier capabilities,thermal and/or electrical conductivities or electromagnetic interference ability.Enormous work has been done to achieve the functionality incomposites produced with special care in laboratories. However, when it comes to mass production, it is both cost and energy inefficient to use tedious,complex methods for the manufacturing. Hence there is a need to investigate the potential of using scalable and industrial-relevant techniques and materials with acceptable compromise between cost and properties.The work presented in this thesis is performedwithin two projects aiming to achieve functional composites based on natural and man-made cellulosic fibers suitable for industrial upscaling. Conductive Regenerated Cellulose Fibers (RCFs) were produced by coating them with copper by electroless coating process using commercial materials. On the other hand, commercial masterbatches based on Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs) were used to produce wood polymer composites (WPC) with added multifunctionality by melt extrusion process. The process is one of the conventional methods used inpolymerproductionand needsno modifications for processingfunctional composites. Both materials together can be used to produce hybrid functional composites.The incorporation of the GNP into HDPE has resulted in improvement in the mechanical propertiesof polymer as well as composite reinforced with wood fibers. Stiffness has increased to a large extent while effect on the strength was less pronounced(>100% and 18% for stiffness and strength at 15%GNP loading). The enhancement of thermal conductivityat higher graphene loadingswas also observed. Moreover, time-dependent response of the polymer has also been affected and the addition of GNP has resulted in reduced viscoplastic strains and improved creep behavior.The copper-coated cellulose fibers showed a significant increasein electrical conductivity(<1Ω/50mm of coated samples) and a potential in use as sensor materials. However, these results come with the cost of reduction in mechanical properties of fibers (10% and 70% for tensile stiffness and strength, respectively) due to theeffect ofchemicals involved in the process.
|
|
| 3. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Time-dependent properties of graphene reinforced HDPE
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of 9<sup>th</sup> International Conference on Composite Testing and Model Identification.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 4. |
- Al-Maqdasi, Zainab, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wood fiber composites with added multifunctionality
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ECCM 2018 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials. - : Applied Mechanics Laboratory. - 9781510896932
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) are used to enhance the mechanical properties and functionality of wood plastic composite (WPC) targeting applications such as de-icing or anti-icing and fast thermal diffusivity. The GNPs are integrated into neat polymer using a masterbatch containing functionalized graphene by melt compounding through a twin-screw extruder without the use of any coupling agent or compatibilizer. The same manufacturing process (melt compounding) but with the use of compatibilizer is employed to produce WPC with nano-doped matrix. The effect of different GNP loadings (up to 15 wt.%) on morphology, crystallinity, mechanical and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites and the WPCs was investigated. It was found that both strength and modulus of nanocomposites, in tension and bending, were increased with the addition of GNPs. With the aid of MAPE compatibilizer WPCs show higher flexural strength and modulus than neat polymer. GNP has marginal effect on the flexural stress but further increases flexural modulus of WPC. The preliminary results related to the thermal conductivity of studied materials indicate that the incorporation of GNP may be beneficial for faster and more uniform heat distribution in WPC.
|
|
| 5. |
- Al-Ramahi, Nawres, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
FEM analysis of stresses in adhesive single-lap joints with non-linear materials under thermo-mechanical loading
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ECCM 2018 - 18th European Conference on Composite Materials. - : Applied Mechanics Laboratory. - 9781510896932
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents comprehensive numerical stress analysis in the adhesive layer of a single-lap joint subjected to various loading scenarios (mechanical and thermal loading). For this purpose numerical model (finite element method) with novel displacement coupling conditions able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates) has been developed. This model includes nonlinear material model and geometrical nonlinearity is also accounted for. The effect of thermal residual stresses (in adhesive) is analysed for various methods of manufacturing of single lap joint. The sequences of application of thermal and mechanical loads for the analysis of the thermal residual stresses in joints are proposed. It is shown that the most common approach used in many studies of linear superposition of thermal and mechanical stresses works well only for linear materials and produces wrong results if material is non-linear. The present study demonstrates suitable method to apply combined thermal and mechanical loads to get accurate stress distributions. Based on the analysis of these stress distributions the conclusions concerning the effect of the thermal residual stresses on peel and shear stress concentrations are made. The comparison between effect of thermal stresses in case of the one-step and two-step joint manufacturing techniques is made
|
|
| 6. |
- Al-Ramahi, Nawres, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Investigation of end and edge effects on results of numerical simulation of single lap adhesive joint with non-linear materials
- 2018
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 87, s. 191-204
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents systematic numerical study of stresses in the adhesive of a single-lap joint with the objective to improve understanding of the main material and geometrical parameters determining performance of adhesive joints. For this purpose a 3D model as well as 2D model, optimized with respect to the computational efficiency by use of novel displacement coupling conditions able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates), are employed. The model accounts for non-linearity of materials (adherend and adhesive) as well as geometrical non-linearity. The parameters of geometry of the joint are normalized with respect to the dimensions of adhesive (e.g. thickness) thus making analysis of results more general and applicable to wide range of different joints. Optimal geometry of the single-lap joint allowing to separate edge effect from end effects is selected based on results of the parametric analysis by using peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer as a criterion. Three different types of single lap joint with similar and dissimilar (hybrid) materials are considered in this study: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of composite laminates, four lay-ups are evaluated: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic laminates ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). The influence of the abovementioned parameters on peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer is examined carefully and mechanical parameters governing the stress concentrations in the joint have been identified, this dependence can be described by simple but accurate fitting function. The effect of the used material model (linear vs non-linear) on results is also demonstrated.
|
|
| 7. |
- Al-Ramahi, Nawres, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Model for numerical simulation and parametric analysis of composite adhesive joints under thermo-mechanical loading
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ICCS20. - Paris : Società Editrice Esculapio, 2017. - 9788893850414 ; , s. 234-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The current investigation focuses on development and verification of a modelfor numerical simulation of performance of adhesive joints under tensile loading. Differentcombination of materials in joints is considered: metal-metal, composite-composite andcomposite-metal. The objective of this paper is to present simulation results of joints usingan accurate finite element model including non-linear behaviour and large deformation.Moreover, several loading scenarios are analysed, including simultaneous application oftemperature and mechanical load. Not only the effect of temperature on mechanicalperformance of materials (adhesive as well as adherents) is analysed but also built up ofresidual thermal stresses during the manufacturing of joints are taken into account. Thisapproach is demonstrated by simulation of tensile tests of joints at several temperatures.Two scenarios of application of temperature and mechanical load using large deformationtheory are considered: 1) the thermal and mechanical loads are applied simultaneously (theproperties of the materials are adjusted accordingly to their performance at differenttemperatures); 2) temperature is applied on specimen which is not macroscopicallyconstrained and the obtained stress distribution is used as initial state for the nextsimulation of mechanical loaded joint. The influence of edge effects (due to limited widthof the joint) on the stress distribution within the joint are studied. In order to eliminatethese effects the periodic boundary conditions (BC) are used in the numerical model.These BC are adjusted to optimize numerical model and obtain efficient calculation routinefor analysis of stresses within interior part of the structure. The validity of these BCs isevaluated and verified by analysing number of case studies. The comparison between full3D FEM model and simplified 2D model is carried out. The resulting stress distributions inthe overlap region of joints are presented for different joints (the parameters are: materialcombinations, material models, geometry of adhesive layer, constraints and BCs) withcomprehensive analysis and recommendations for optimal numerical model that can beused in joint design.
|
|
| 8. |
- Al-Ramahi, Nawres, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical stress analysis in adhesive joints under thermo-mechanical load using model with special boundary conditions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 518, Mechanical and Materials Engineering. - : Institute of Physics Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A numerical study of the adhesivejoint made of similar and dissimilar adherends subjected to thermo-mechanical loading is presented. A comprehensive numerical model was used for this purpose with the novel displacement coupling conditions which are able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates). The geometrical nonlinearity as well as nonlinear material model are also taken into account. Three different types of single-lap and double-lap adhesive joints are considered in this study: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of composite laminates, four lay-ups are evaluated: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic laminates ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). This paper focuses on the parameters which have the majoreffect on the peel and shear stress distribution within adhesive layer at the overlap ends. The comparison of behaviour of single-and double-lap joints in relation to these parameters is made. The master curves for maximum stress (peel and shear) at the ends of the overlap with respect to the bending stiffness and axial modulus of the adherends are constructed by analysing stress distributions in the middle of the adhesive.The main conclusions of this paper are: the maximum peel stress value for SLJ is reduced with increase of the adherend bending stiffness and for DLJ,similar behaviour was observed at the end next to the inner plate corner, while, at the end next to the outer plate corner peel stress is reduced with increase of adherend axial modulus.
|
|
| 9. |
- Al-Ramahi, Nawres, 1980-
(författare)
-
Numerical stress analysis in hybrid adhesive joint with non-linear materials
- 2018
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents systematic numerical study of stresses in the adhesive of a single-lap joint subjected to various loading scenarios (mechanical and thermal loading). The main objective of this work is to improve understanding of the main material and geometrical parameters determining performance of adhesive joint for the future analysis of failure initiation and development in these structures.The first part of the thesis deals with development of a 3D model as well as 2D model, optimized with respect to the computational efficiency by use of novel displacement coupling conditions able to correctly represent monoclinic materials (off-axis layers of composite laminates). The model takes into account the nonlinearity of materials (adherend and adhesive) with geometrical nonlinearity also accounted for. The parameters of geometry of the joint are normalized with respect to the dimensions of adhesive (e.g. thickness) thus making analysis of results more general and applicable to wide range of different joints. Optimal geometry of the single-lap joint is selected based on results of the parametric analysis by using peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer as a criteria and it allows separation of edge and end effects. Three different types of single lap joint with similar and dissimilar (hybrid) materials are considered: a) metal-metal; b) composite-composite; c) composite-metal. In case of composite laminates, four lay-ups are evaluated: uni-directional ([08]T and [908]T) and quasi-isotropic laminates ([0/45/90/-45]S and [90/45/0/-45]S). The influence of the abovementioned parameters is carefully examined by analyzing peel and shear stress distributions in the adhesive layer. Discussion and conclusions with respect to the magnitude of the stress concentration at the ends of the joint overlap as well as overall level of stresses within overlap are presented. Recommendations concerning use of nonlinear material model are given.The rest of the work is related to the various methods of manufacturing of joint (curing) and application of thermo-mechanical loading suitable to these scenarios. The appropriate sequences of application of thermal and mechanical loads for the analysis of the residual thermal stresses developed due to manufacturing of joints at elevated temperature required to cure polymer (adhesive/composite) are proposed. It is shown that the most common approach used in many studies of simple superposition of thermal and mechanical stresses works well only for linear materials and produces wrong results if material is non-linear. The model and simulation technique presented in the current thesis rectifies this issue and accurate stress distributions are obtained. Based on the analysis of these stress distributions the following conclusions can be made: joint processing at elevated temperature causes high stresses inside the adhesive layer; the residual thermal stresses will reduce the peel stress concentration at the ends of overlap joint and the shear stress within the overlap, moreover, this effect is more pronounced for the case of the one-step joint manufacturing in comparison with two-step processing technique.This study has generated a lot of results for better understand of behavior of adhesive joints and it will help in design of stronger, more durable adhesive single-lap joints in the future.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
