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- Eriksson, Per-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling procurement effects on cooperation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Construction Management and Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-6193 .- 1466-433X. ; 25:8, s. 893-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cooperative arrangements, such as partnering, have received increased interest in recent years. Several studies show however that cooperative relationships are not easily achieved in construction. Implementation of cooperative relationships requires changes in several elements of the traditional procurement procedures. The purpose of this paper is therefore to propose and test a sequential model regarding clients' cooperative procurement procedures. We especially ask: what elements in clients' procurement procedures facilitate the establishment of cooperation and trust in their relationships with contractors? The model was tested through structural equation modelling. The empirical data required for the test were collected through a survey responded to by 87 Swedish professional construction clients. The empirical results show that cooperative procurement procedures are triggered by clients' wish to involve contractors early in specification, which has a simultaneous effect on procedures regarding bid invitation and compensation. Furthermore, these simultaneous effects breed a certain kind of partner selection based on task-related attributes, which also has a direct positive effect on trust and above all on cooperation in client-contractor relationships. Besides these implications from the model, the improvement of measurements for future modelling is discussed.
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- Fell, Terence
(författare)
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Conflict and legitimacy : Explaining tensions in Swedish hunting policy at the local level
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Politics. - : Routledge. - 0964-4016 .- 1743-8934. ; 17:1, s. 105-114
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article reveals the existence of a so-called "ghost policy" (informal tradition and/or obsolete policy rules) that resists new official policy concerning the management of natural resources in Sweden. These ghost policies are often ignored in the Swedish policy making process inhibiting, therefore, viable and legitimate solutions to the profound negative consequences that costly local conflicts of interest have on democracy. These conflicts of interest expose and represent a classic and current problem intrinsic to the communitarian policy process in Sweden. That is, since the Swedish policy process has a blind spot, it focuses on the views of experts and interest organisations and, subsequently, overlooks the perceptions of those stakeholders (in this case local game hunters) affected by policy. This undermines the policy's goals since they are alien to local tradition. Furthermore, not just the existence and ubiquity of ghost policies, but even social facts such as the physical size and membership of an organisation influence conflicts of interest. This implies that there is still room for collaborations with locals as well as social engineering in the policy process. In order then for the Swedish policy process to gain more legitimacy from stakeholders involved with natural resource management the government must review and change its present processes of policy making.
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- Ji, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Thermodynamic properties for humid gases from 298 to 573 K and up to 200 bar
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Thermal Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-4311 .- 1873-5606. ; 26:2-3, s. 251-258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the needs of process design, the model proposed in our previous papers was extended to calculate the thermodynamic properties of humidity, heat capacity, molar volume, partial pressure of water vapour, enthalpy and entropy for humid gases (nitrogen, oxygen, air or a nitrogen-oxygen mixture). The comparison with other models from 300 to 473 K and I to 100 bar shows that the results calculated with different models are consistent within 50 bar and 400 K; out of this range, there is some difference. Meanwhile, mole ratios of nitrogen to oxygen in the saturated humid air were calculated from 323 to 523 K and 50 to 250 bar. It is found that the mole ratio of nitrogen to oxygen keeps almost constant, and the effect of the slight changes in the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen on the humidity, enthalpy and entropy of humid air is small enough to be neglected. Moreover, the enthalpy of dry air was predicted, and the comparison with other models again proved the reasonable assumptions and prediction capability of the new model
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- Leduc, Sylvain, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal location of wood gasification plants for methanol production with heat recovery
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 32:12, s. 1080-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Second generation biofuels from wood gasification are thought to become competitive in the face of effective climate and energy security policies. Cost competitiveness crucially depends on the optimization of the entire supply chain-field-wheel involving optimal location, scaling and logistics. In this study, a linear mixed integer programming model has been developed to determine the optimal geographic locations and sizes of methanol plants and gas stations in Austria. Optimal locations and sizes are found by the minimization of costs with respect to biomass and methanol production and transport, investments for the production plants and the gas stations. Hence, the model covers competition in all levels of a biofuel production chain including supply of biomass, biofuel and heat, and demand for bio- and fossil fuels.The results show that Austria could be self-sufficient in the production of methanol for biofuels like M5, M10 or M20, using up to 8% of the arable land share. The plants are optimally located close to the potential supply of biomass (i.e. poplar) in Eastern Austria, and produce methanol around 0.4 is an element of(-1). Moreover, heat production could lower the methanol cost by 12%.
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- Leduc, Sylvain, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing biodiesel production in India
- 2009
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Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 86:Suppl. 1, s. S125-S131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- India is expected to at least double its fuel consumption in the transportation sector by 2030. To contribute to the fuel supply, renewable energies such as jatropha appear to be an attractive resource for biodiesel production in India as it can be grown on waste land and does not need intensive water supply. In order to produce biodiesel at a competitive cost, the biodiesel supply chain - from biomass harvesting to biodiesel delivery to the consumers - is analyzed. A mixed integer linear programming model is used in order to determine the optimal number and geographic locations of biodiesel plants. The optimization is based on minimization of the costs of the supply chain with respect to the biomass, production and transportation costs. Three biodiesel blends are considered, B2, B5 and B10. For each blend, 13 scenarios are considered where yield, biomass cost, cake price, glycerol price, transport cost and investment costs are studied. A sensitivity analysis is carried out on both those parameters and the resulting locations of the plants. The emissions of the supply chain are also considered. The results state that the biomass cost has most influence on the biodiesel cost (an increase of feedstock cost increases the biodiesel cost by about 40%) and to a lower effect, the investment cost and the glycerol price. Moreover, choosing the right set of production plant locations highly depends on the scenarios that have the highest probability to occur, for which the production plant locations still produce a competitive biodiesel cost and emissions from the transportation are minimum. In this study, one set of plant locations happened to meet these two requirements.
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| 10. |
- Li, Hailong, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A new modification on RK EOS for gaseous CO2 and gaseous mixtures of CO2 and H2O
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0363-907X .- 1099-114X. ; 30:3, s. 135-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To develop an equation of state with simple structure and reasonable accuracy for engineering application, Redlich-Kwong equation of state was modified for gaseous CO2 and CO2-H2O mixtures. In the new modification, parameter 'a' of gaseous CO2 was regressed as a function of temperature and pressure from recent reliable experimental data in the range: 220-750 K and 0.1-400 MPa. Moreover, a new mixing rule was proposed for gaseous CO2-H2O mixtures. To verify the accuracy of the new modification, densities were calculated and compared with experimental data. The average error is 1.68% for gaseous CO2 and 0.93% for gaseous mixtures of CO2 and H2O, Other thermodynamic properties, such as enthalpy and heat capacities of CO2 and excess enthalpy of gaseous CO2-H2O mixtures, were also calculated; results fit experimental data well, except for the critical region.
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