| 1. |
- Ambrosio, Fabrisia, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of muscle loading on skeletal muscle regenerative potential : an update of current research findings relating to aging and neuromuscular pathology
- 2009
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation. - Baltimore : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 0894-9115 .- 1537-7385. ; 88:2, s. 145-155
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Skeletal muscle is a dynamic tissue with a remarkable ability to continuously respond to environmental stimuli. Among its adaptive responses is the widely investigated ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate after loading or injury or both. Although significant basic science efforts have been dedicated to better understand the underlying mechanism controlling skeletal muscle regeneration, there has been relatively little impact in the clinical approaches used to treat skeletal muscle injuries and wasting. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the basic biology of satellite cell function in response to muscle loading and to relate these findings in the context of aging and neuromuscular pathology for the rehabilitation medicine specialist.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bellner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnostic criteria and the use of ICD-10 codes to define and classify minor head injury.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. - : BMJ. - 1468-330X .- 0022-3050. ; 74:3, s. 351-352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Epidemiological research on the incidence of traumatic head injuries relies on the correct definition and classification of the injury. OBJECTIVE: To address the use of diagnostic criteria and ICD-10 codes to define minor head injury in Swedish hospitals managing patients with head injury. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all 76 Swedish hospitals managing head injuries. The hospitals were asked what diagnostic criteria they use to define minor head injury, and which ICD-10 codes they use to classify such injuries. RESULTS: 72 hospitals (95%) responded to the survey. The most common criterion was loss of consciousness (76%), followed by post-traumatic amnesia (38%). Almost half the hospitals used other signs and symptoms to define minor head injury. The ICD-10 code S.06 (intracranial injury) was used by 51 of the hospitals (91%). CONCLUSIONS: It is essential that there should be common definitions, classifications, and registration of minor head injuries. The wide variation in definition and classification found in this study emphasises the importance of improved implementation of the present guidelines.
|
|
| 3. |
- Brogårdh, Christina, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the long-term benefit of constraint-induced movement therapy? A four-year follow-up.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 23, s. 418-423
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the long-term benefits of constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke.Design: A four-year follow-up after constraint-induced group therapy assessing arm and hand function and self-reported daily hand use.Subjects: Fourteen post-stroke individuals (six women and eight men; mean age 59.6 +/- 12.7 years, range 23-75 years) with mild to moderate impairments of hand function. OUTCOME MEASURES: The Sollerman hand function test and the Motor Activity Log test.Results: Four years after constraint-induced group therapy the participants had maintained their hand function, as measured by the Sollerman hand function test. The self-reported use and quality of movements of the more affected hand, as measured by the Motor Activity Log test, had decreased compared to post-treatment and three months follow-up (P < 0.01), but was still significantly higher than pre-treatment (P < 0.05).Conclusion: There seems to be a long-term benefit of constraint-induced group therapy. Hand function was maintained over time and daily hand use had increased compared to pre-treatment. To provide guidelines about the clinical use of constraint-induced movement therapy further, larger and controlled studies are needed.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Drake, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in healthy young men and women: reliability of eccentric peak torque and work measurements
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 1650-1977. ; 33:2, s. 90-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were: (i) to assess the test-retest intrarater reliability of eccentric ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in young healthy men and women using the Biodex dynamometer; and (ii) to examine different statistical indices for the interpretation of reliability. Thirty men and women (age 22.5 +/- 2.5 years, mean +/- S.D.) performed three maximal eccentric contractions at 30 degrees/second and 90 degrees/second, with 7-10 days between test sessions. Reliability was evaluated with three intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC1,1, ICC2,1 and ICC3,1), and was excellent for peak torque (ICC 0.90-0.96) and good to excellent for work (ICC 0.69-0.83), with no discernible differences among the three ICCs. Method errors, assessed by the standard error of the measurement (S.E.M.) and S.E.M.%, were low. The Bland & Altman graphs and analyses indicated no significant systematic bias in the data. In conclusion, measurements of eccentric ankle dorsiflexor muscle performance in young healthy individuals using the Biodex are highly reliable.
|
|
| 6. |
- Drake, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of contractile and noncontractile components in human skeletal muscle by magnetic resonance imaging.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Muscle and Nerve. - : Wiley. - 0148-639X .- 1097-4598. ; 25:2, s. 251-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for the assessment of contractile and noncontractile components of human skeletal muscle is described, and the inter-rater and intra-rater test-retest reliability for repeated measurements from the same MR image are examined. Twenty cross-sectional MR images from the right lower leg were obtained from 30 healthy young men and women (mean age 24.1 years, SD 3.3). The anatomical cross-sectional area (aCSA; cm2), the cross-sectional area of noncontractile components (Noncon; cm2), the contractile cross-sectional area (cCSA = aCSA minus Noncon; cm2), and the relative amount of Noncon (%), of the ankle dorsiflexor muscle compartment were determined for each slice using a computer-based image analysis system. Reliability for repeated measurements of the slice with the largest aCSA for the 30 subjects was analyzed by two raters on two different occasions. Inter-rater reliability on both occasions, assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was excellent for cCSA (ICC3.1 = 0.99) and Noncon (ICC(3.1)
|
|
| 7. |
- Drake, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Reproducibility of isokinetic ankle dorsiflexor strength and fatigue measurements in healthy older subjects.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Isokinetics and Exercise Science. - 1878-5913 .- 0959-3020. ; 15:4, s. 263-270
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to determine the test-retest (two occasions seven days part) reproducibility of isokinetic (Biodex) concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) ankle dorsiflexor strength and fatigue measurements in older subjects using several statistical methods. Thirty healthy men (n=15) and women (n=15) aged between 70 and 85 years participated in the study. To determine the reproducibility of strength measurements, the 30 individuals performed three maximal CON and ECC contractions at 30°/s and 90°/s. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC_{2.1}) for CON and ECC strength measurements was high and ranged from 0.94 to 0.98. Bland & Altman graphs and analyses indicted no systematic bias. The standard error of measurement (SEM), representing the smallest change that indicates a real improvement (or deterioration) for a group of individuals, was small (< 2.3 Nm). The smallest real difference (SRD), representing the smallest detectable change that indicates a real improvement (or deterioration) for a single subject, was also small ('error bands' from −7.2 Nm to 5.6 Nm). A high correlation (Pearson's r > 0.94) between CON peak torque at 30°/s and 90°/s, as well as ECC peak torque at 30°/s and 90°/s, suggested that any of these two velocities could be used as a reference. To determine the reproducibility of fatigue measurements, 28 of the 30 individuals performed 50 maximal CON contractions at 60°/s. Reproducibility of the loss in work (work fatigue) and the relative loss in peak torque, comparing the first three to the last three contractions (3-3), was determined and the ICC was 0.71 and 0.60, respectively. In addition, the SEM was small (< 8.4%) and the 'error bands' to define the SRD for a single subject were also small (from −23.5% to 24.5%). In conclusion, these values indicate small measurement errors and thus provide a clinically acceptable basis for testing ankle dorsiflexion strength and fatigue of the dominant side in healthy older people.
|
|
| 8. |
- Drake, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
The structure and function of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles in young and moderately active men and women.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1601 .- 8750-7587. ; 95:6, s. 2416-2424
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate determinants of ankle dorsiflexor muscle (DF) strength and size in moderately active young men and women ( n = 30; age 20–31 yr). Concentric (Con) and eccentric (Ecc) strength were measured isokinetically. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Multiple biopsies were obtained from the tibialis anterior muscle to determine total numbers, areas (Area I and II) and proportions (Prop I and II) of type I and II fibers, respectively, and relative contents of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms MHC1, MHC2a, and MHC2x. Women had lower Con and Ecc strength (24 and 27%; P < 0.01), smaller CSA (19%; P < 0.001), lower Ecc DF specific strength (strength/CSA) (10%; P < 0.01), and smaller Area I and Area II (21 and 31%; P < 0.01) than men. Prop I, MHC1, estimated total number of fibers, and Con DF specific strength were similar for both sexes. Con DF strength was up to 72% determined by CSA and Prop I, and Ecc DF strength was up to 81% determined by CSA, Prop I, and sex; variables other than CSA explained at most 9%. Body weight and fiber areas explained >50% of the variation in CSA. In conclusion, CSA was the predominant determinant of DF strength, CSA was to a great extent determined by the body weight and the sizes of muscle fibers, and sex differences in Ecc specific strength require further study.
|
|
| 9. |
- Flansbjer, Ulla-Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Knee muscle strength, gait performance, and perceived participation after stroke
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-9993 .- 1532-821X. ; 87:7, s. 974-80
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To assess the relation between knee muscle strength, gait performance, and perceived participation in subjects with chronic mild to moderate poststroke hemiparesis. DESIGN: Descriptive analysis of convenience sample. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty men and women (mean age, 58+/-6.4y) 6 to 46 months poststroke. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Isokinetic concentric knee extension and flexion strength was measured at 60 degrees /s. Gait performance was assessed by Timed Up & Go, comfortable and fast gait speed, stair climbing ascend and descend, and 6-minute walk test. Perceived participation was assessed with the Stroke Impact Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation (P < .01) between knee muscle strength and gait performance for the paretic but not for the nonparetic lower limb. Strength for the paretic limb explained 34% to 50% of the variance in gait performance; the addition of strength for the nonparetic limb explained at most a further 11% of the variance in gait performance. There was a significant correlation (P < .01) between gait performance and perceived participation; gait performance explained 28% to 40% of the variance in perceived participation. CONCLUSIONS: Knee muscle strength is a moderate to strong predictor of walking ability in individuals with chronic mild to moderate poststroke hemiparesis. Walking ability influences perceived participation, but the strengths of the relations indicate that other factors are also important
|
|
| 10. |
- Flansbjer, Ulla-Britt, et al.
(författare)
-
Progressive resistance training after stroke: Effects on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1651-2081 .- 0001-5555 .- 1650-1977. ; 40:1, s. 42-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of progressive resistance training on muscle strength, muscle tone, gait performance and perceived participation after stroke. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS: Twenty-four subjects (mean age 61 years (standard deviation 5)) 6-48 months post-stroke. METHODS: The training group (n = 15) participated in supervised progressive resistance training of the knee muscles (80% of maximum) twice weekly for 10 weeks, and the control group (n = 9) continued their usual daily activities. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention and at follow-up after 5 months. Muscle strength was evaluated dynamically and isokinetically (60 degrees /sec) and muscle tone by the Modified Ashworth Scale. Gait performance was evaluated by Timed "Up & Go", Fast Gait Speed and 6-Minute Walk tests, and perceived participation by Stroke Impact Scale. RESULTS: Muscle strength increased significantly after progressive resistance training with no increase in muscle tone and improvements were maintained at follow-up. Both groups improved in gait performance, but at follow-up only Timed "Up & Go" and perceived participation were significantly better for the training group. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive resistance training is an effective intervention to improve muscle strength in chronic stroke. There appear to be long-term benefits, but further studies are needed to clarify the effects, specifically of progressive resistance training on gait performance and participation.
|
|
