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- Flemme, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term quality of life and uncertainty in patients living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Heart & lung : the journal of critical care. - St. Louis, MO : Elsevier BV. - 0147-9563 .- 1527-3288. ; 34:6, s. 386-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study describes the quality of life (QOL) and uncertainty in patients who have an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and predicts QOL at long-term follow-up. METHODS: Long-term follow-up was defined as 6.9 years +/- 1 year (range 4.11-8.7 years). QOL was measured with the Quality of Life Index, and uncertainty was measured with the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale. RESULTS: The overall QOL and health/functioning were unchanged over time. QOL in the socioeconomic (P = .002) and psychologic/spiritual domains (P = .012) decreased in the first year. From baseline to long-term follow-up, the QOL in the family domain (P = .011) and uncertainty (P = .002) decreased. Uncertainty was a predictor of low QOL. CONCLUSION: QOL was reasonably good 6.9 years post-ICD implantation. Patients felt less uncertain once they had passed the first year of their illness.
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- Hanson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of stature, age and vehicle motion on ingress movement
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Vehicle Design. - : InderScience Publishers. - 0143-3369 .- 1741-5314. ; 51:3/4, s. 292-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vehicle ingress is an important automotive industry issue. End-users and production line assemblers perform similar ingress tasks. In this study, comparisons were made of the car ingress motion in 40 subjects of different statures, acting both as assemblers and end-users. Half of the subjects were under 28 years of age and the remaining were over 60. Results show no significant differences in motion patterns between assemblers and end-users, i.e., slow forward motion of the car on the assembly line had no effect on ingress patterns. This suggests that ergonomic departments working either with end-users or assemblers may instead cooperate or even be fully integrated. Stature significantly affected joint angle distribution and joint angle velocity distribution. No stature effect was found on time to perform ingress movements or on ingress technique. Age significantly affected all test parameters and is thus an issue for developers to consider along with anthropometric variables like stature. To facilitate age analysis, manikins in digital human modelling tools should be able to replicate the physical characteristics of different age groups and the movement behaviour of older people.
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- Holm, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-generational trust - A semi-experimental study of trust among different generations
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-2681 .- 1879-1751. ; 58:3, s. 403-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From a public database in Sweden we obtained a subject pool consisting of one group of 20 years old and another group exactly 50 years older. The groups participated in a mail-based trust game, in which the young cohort exhibited more trust than the older one. Subjects significantly preferred to place trust in co-players of their own cohort and of the female sex. When amounts sent and proportions returned in the mail-based game are compared with other trust games conducted in standard laboratory environments, it is found that the mail-based game does not seem to generate extreme distributions. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Holm, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Trust in surveys and games - A methodological contribution on the influence of money and location
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-7719 .- 0167-4870. ; 29:4, s. 522-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores methods to study trust. In a variety of settings, answers to survey questions and choices in a trust game are obtained from student sample pools. Some subjects are approached by mail and execute their task at home whereas others participate in classroom experiments. No differences between the results obtained by these methods are observed. Furthermore, one additional group plays the trust game with purely hypothetical payments, and another receives random lottery payments. This changes trust behavior dramatically, whereas trustworthiness is unaffected. Subjects without any financial incentives exhibit less trust and their trust choices are significantly correlated with survey trust answers. There is no such correlation for the corresponding choices with real payments. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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- Hultsjö, Sally, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Immigrants in emergency care : Swedish health care staff's experiences
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Nursing Review. - : Wiley InterScience. - 0020-8132 .- 1466-7657. ; 52:4, s. 276-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: During the past few decades Sweden has developed into a multicultural society. The proportion of patients with different cultural backgrounds increases, which naturally makes new demands on health care staff. Aim: To identify whether staff in somatic and psychiatric emergency care experienced problems in the care of migrants, and if so to compare these. Method: The study design was explorative. Focus group interviews of 22 women and 13 men working as nurses and assistant nurses at an emergency ward, an ambulance service and a psychiatric intensive care unit were held. Findings: The results showed that the main problems experienced in all wards were difficulties related to caring for asylum-seeking refugees. Some dissimilarities were revealed: unexpected behaviours in migrants related to cultural differences described by staff working in the emergency ward; migrants' refusal to eat and drink and their inactive behaviour in the psychiatric ward; and a lot of non-emergency runs by the ambulance staff because of language barriers between the emergency services centre and migrants. Conclusion: The main problems experienced by the health care staff were situations in which they were confronted with the need to care for asylum-seeking refugees. Practice implications: These emphasize the importance of support from organizational structures and national policies to develop models for caring for asylum-seeking refugees. Simple routines and facilities to communicate with foreign-language-speaking migrants need to be developed. Health care staff need a deeper understanding of individual needs in the light of migrational and cultural background.
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- Johannesson, Anton, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Lower Limb Amputation in the Diabetic and Nondiabetic General Population : A 10-year population-based cohort study of initial unilateral and contralateral amputations and reamputations
- 2009
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0149-5992 .- 1935-5548. ; 32:2, s. 275-280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To compare the incidence of vascular lower limb amputation (LLA) in the diabetic and nondiabetic general population. Research design & methods: A population-based cohort study was conducted in a representative Swedish region. All vascular LLA (at or proximal to transmetatarsal level) performed from 1997 through 2006 were consecutively registered and classified into initial unilateral amputation, contralateral amputation or re-amputation. The incidence rates were estimated in the diabetic and nondiabetic general population aged 45 years or older. Results: During the 10-year period, LLA was performed on 62 women and 71 men with diabetes and on 79 women and 78 men without diabetes. The incidence of initial unilateral amputation per 100,000 person-years (95% CI) was for diabetic women 192 (145-241) and for diabetic men 197 (152-244) and for nondiabetic women 22 (17-26) and for nondiabetic men 24 (19-29). The incidence increased from the age of 75 years. 74% of all amputations were transtibial. The incidence of contralateral amputation and of re-amputation per 100 amputee-years (95% CI) in diabetic women amputees was 15 (7-27) and 16 (8-28) and in diabetic men 18 (10-29) and 21 (12-32), respectively, and in nondiabetic women amputees were 14 (7-24) and 18 (10-28) and in men 13 (6-22) and 24 (15-35), respectively. Conclusions: In the general population aged 45 years or older the incidence of vascular lower limb amputation at or proximal to transmetatarsal level is 8 times higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic persons. One in four amputees may require contralateral amputation and/or re-amputation.
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| 10. |
- Jonson, Carl-Oscar, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory T-cell associated activity in Photopheresis-induced Immune tolerance in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 153:2, s. 174-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) has demonstrated immunological effects. The proposed cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) involvement, together with forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are associated with regulatory T cell activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the regulatory T cell-associated effect of ECP in recent onset type 1 diabetic (T1D) children. Children (n = 20) with T1D received photopheresis 8-methoxypsoralen + ECP or placebo + shampheresis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) collected pretreatment (day 1) and post-treatment (day 90) were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and T1D-associated glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) peptide a.a. 247–279. CTLA-4, sCTLA-4, FoxP3 and TGF-β mRNA transcription was quantified. Photopheresis-treated individuals' relative mRNA expression was generally maintained during the course of the study. Placebo individuals increased in spontaneous CTLA-4 mRNA (P < 0·05) but decreased in expression after stimulation with GAD65-peptide (P < 0·05) and PHA (P < 0·05). Spontaneous TGF-β (P < 0·05) increased whereas PHA- (P < 0·01) and GAD65-peptide (P < 0·01)-induced TGF-β expression decreased in the placebo group, whereas it was maintained in the treated group. Without intervention, expression of CTLA-4 and TGF-β, stimulated with PHA and GAD65 peptide, decreased with time, with a parallel reduction of GAD65-peptide and PHA-stimulated TGF-β expression. These parameters were counteracted by ECP. In conclusion, our results indicate that ECP maintains regulatory T cell-associated activity in recent-onset T1D.
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