| 1. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Evolutionary mechanisms of teaching
- 2015
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In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 38, s. 25-26
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We argue that Kline’s analysis does not account for the evolutionary mechanisms that can explain the uniqueness of human teaching. We suggest that data should be complemented by an analysis of archaeological material with respect to what forms of teaching are required for the transmission of technologies over generations.
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| 2. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(author)
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The Archaeology of Teaching and the Evolution of Homo docens
- 2017
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In: Current Anthropology. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0011-3204 .- 1537-5382. ; 58:2, s. 188-201
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Teaching is present in all human societies, while within other species it is very limited. Something happened during the evolution of Homo sapiens that also made us Homo docens—the teaching animal. Based on discussions of animal and hominin learning, we analyze the evolution of intentional teaching by a series of levels that require increasing capacities of mind reading and communication on the part of the teacher and the learner. The levels of teaching are (1) intentional evaluative feedback, (2) drawing attention, (3) demonstrating, (4) communicating concepts, and (5) explaining relations between concepts. We suggest that level after level has been added during the evolution of teaching. We demonstrate how different technologies depend on increasing sophistication in the levels of cognition and communication required for teaching them. As regards the archaeological evidence for the different levels, we argue that stable transmission of the Oldowan technology requires at least teaching by demonstration and that learning the late Acheulean hand-axe technology requires at least communicating concepts. We conclude that H. docens preceded H. sapiens.
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| 3. |
- Gärdenfors, Peter, et al.
(author)
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Where does the elephant come from? : The evolution of causal cognition is the key
- 2020
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In: Behavioral and Brain Sciences. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0140-525X .- 1469-1825. ; 43, s. 25-26
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Osiurak and Reynaud do not explain the evolutionary emergence and development of the elephant in the room, that is, technical cognition. We first argue that there is a tight correlation between the evolution of cumulative technological culture (CTC) and the evolution of reasoning about abstract forces. Second, intentional teaching plays a greater role in CTC evolution than acknowledged in the target article.
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| 4. |
- Hughes, Richard, et al.
(author)
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The Chemical Composition of Some Archaeologically Significant Flint from Denmark and Sweden
- 2012
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In: Archaeometry. - : Wiley. - 0003-813X .- 1475-4754. ; 54:5, s. 779-795
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Flint was one of the most widely employed raw materials for artefact manufacture in Denmarkand Sweden during the Stone Age, and it continued to be used during subsequent periods.Prehistoric flint mining and lithic manufacturing studies in these countries have attractedconsiderable attention, but there have been no recent attempts to chemically characterize thegeological source materials. This paper builds on a pilot study (Hughes et al. 2010) and usesenergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis to determine quantitative compositionestimates for nine major, minor and certain trace elements in seven archaeologicallysignificant flint sources in Denmark and Sweden, along with new data on a number of othersources of prehistoric significance. These data provide a geochemical foundation for ongoingresearch devoted to determining contrasts and continuities in the time and space utilization offlint sources in Scandinavian prehistory.
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| 5. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Chemical analysis of red and black Heligoland flint : Initial results and comparisons with flint from Scandinavia
- 2014
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In: Siedlungs- und Küstenforschung im südlichen Nordseegebiet = Settlement and coastal research in the Southern North Sea Region. - Rahden, Westf. : Leidorf. - 1867-2744. ; 37, s. 59-66
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study presents the results of an initial chemical provenience analysis of black and red Heligoland flint and discusses these results in relation to a previously conducted chemical analysis of a large number of samples of Scandinavian fl int. The results show that it is possible to distinguish red and black Heligoland flint from Scandinavian flint.
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| 6. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Chemical and visual analysis of flint from Gotland and Öland
- 2016
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In: Fornvännen. - : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 3:111, s. 145-152
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have used visual and instrumental (EDXRF, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence) methods to analyse naturally occurring flint from Gotland and Öland. We compare the results with previously published analyses conducted on other types of flint. We identify two visually distinct types of flint from Gotland: grey and white/brown flint. The chemistry of the more common grey flint is unique compared with other Scandinavian flint types. The chemistry of the white/brown flint is similar to other types of Scandinavian flint, although its visual appearance is unique. Both flint types from Gotland are distinct from Ordovician flint from Öland, both in regard to visual properties and to chemical composition. At present we are unable to identify the geological origin of flint from Gotland.
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| 7. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Children, Teaching and the Evolution of Humankind
- 2015
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In: Childhood in the Past. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1758-5716 .- 2040-8528. ; 8:2, s. 113-121
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Social learning is essential for human evolution. To achieve such learning, cultural processes which trigger the development of active teaching and intergenerational transmission and accumulation of knowledge are needed. The understanding of how such systems and processes were developed over a long time is essential for our understanding of human evolution. The identification of children’s learning activities in the archaeological record is crucial for how we may develop this understanding.
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| 8. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Early Neolithic flint extraction in south-western Sweden : transregional practices on a local scale
- 2023
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In: Antiquity. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 97:392, s. 331-347
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies relate the introduction of Early Neolithic flint mining practices to the migration and rapid expansion of agricultural groups from north-western continental Europe into present-day Britain and southern Scandinavia. Here, the authors critically analyse this hypothesis, using a case study from south-western Sweden to demonstrate how transregional processes played out locally with their own dynamics, c. 4000 BC. They conclude that migration and population change only partly can explain what happened during the centuries immediately before and after 4000 BC. Local variation in human-material relationships also needs to be considered.
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| 9. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Human-Material Relationships around 4000 BCE : Continuity and Change in South Scandinavian Flint Tool Production Technologies
- 2023
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In: Journal of Neolithic Archaeology. - : Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology, University of Kiel, Germany. - 2364-3676 .- 2197-649X. ; :24, s. 99-129
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent studies have found that explanations of the neolithisation of South Scandinavia based on dichotomies between migration (population replacement) and diffusion (in-group change) are insufficient if we want to understand the complexity and variation involved in what happened during the centuries around 4000 BCE. However, these contrasting narratives still overshadow discussions on change in South Scandinavia ~4000 BCE. Here, we present a study that investigates continuity and change in flint tool production technologies. In focus are socio-technical framework structures and knowledge-transfer systems investigated by technological analyses of Mesolithic core axes and Early Neolithic point-butted Type I axes, as well as Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic blade attributes. Our results reveal variation in socio-technical framework structures and knowledge-transfer systems in action that refers both to a local history of technologies with a tradition and to the introduction of new technologies by groups with links to the continent.
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| 10. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(author)
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Knowing, Learning and Teaching : How Homo Became Docens
- 2015
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In: Cambridge Archaeological Journal. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0959-7743 .- 1474-0540. ; 25:4, s. 847-858
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article discusses the relation between knowing, learning and teaching in relation to early Palaeolithic technologies. We begin by distinguishing between three kinds of knowl- edge: knowing how, knowing what and knowing that. We discuss the relation between these types of knowledge and different forms of learning and long-term memory systems. On the basis of this analysis, we present three types of teaching: (1) helping and correcting; (2) showing; and (3) explaining. We then use this theoretical framework to suggest what kinds of teaching are required for the pre-Oldowan, the Oldowan, the early Acheulean and the late Acheulean stone-knapping technologies. As a general introductory overview to this special section, the text concludes with a brief presentation of the papers included.
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