| 1. |
- Hughes, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The Chemical Composition of Some Archaeologically Significant Flint from Denmark and Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Archaeometry. - : Wiley. - 0003-813X .- 1475-4754. ; 54:5, s. 779-795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flint was one of the most widely employed raw materials for artefact manufacture in Denmarkand Sweden during the Stone Age, and it continued to be used during subsequent periods.Prehistoric flint mining and lithic manufacturing studies in these countries have attractedconsiderable attention, but there have been no recent attempts to chemically characterize thegeological source materials. This paper builds on a pilot study (Hughes et al. 2010) and usesenergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis to determine quantitative compositionestimates for nine major, minor and certain trace elements in seven archaeologicallysignificant flint sources in Denmark and Sweden, along with new data on a number of othersources of prehistoric significance. These data provide a geochemical foundation for ongoingresearch devoted to determining contrasts and continuities in the time and space utilization offlint sources in Scandinavian prehistory.
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| 2. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical analysis of red and black Heligoland flint : Initial results and comparisons with flint from Scandinavia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Siedlungs- und Küstenforschung im südlichen Nordseegebiet = Settlement and coastal research in the Southern North Sea Region. - Rahden, Westf. : Leidorf. - 1867-2744. ; 37, s. 59-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study presents the results of an initial chemical provenience analysis of black and red Heligoland flint and discusses these results in relation to a previously conducted chemical analysis of a large number of samples of Scandinavian fl int. The results show that it is possible to distinguish red and black Heligoland flint from Scandinavian flint.
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| 3. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical and visual analysis of flint from Gotland and Öland
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 3:111, s. 145-152
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used visual and instrumental (EDXRF, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence) methods to analyse naturally occurring flint from Gotland and Öland. We compare the results with previously published analyses conducted on other types of flint. We identify two visually distinct types of flint from Gotland: grey and white/brown flint. The chemistry of the more common grey flint is unique compared with other Scandinavian flint types. The chemistry of the white/brown flint is similar to other types of Scandinavian flint, although its visual appearance is unique. Both flint types from Gotland are distinct from Ordovician flint from Öland, both in regard to visual properties and to chemical composition. At present we are unable to identify the geological origin of flint from Gotland.
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| 4. |
- Högberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing Polish and Scandinavian flint using visual and chemical analysis: some preliminary results
- 2013
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 1404-9430 .- 0015-7813. ; 108:4, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this brief article we present initial results of chemical analyses of flint samples from six Polish sites and one Ukrainian site near the Polish border. The purpose is to examine the extent to which Polish flint resembles or differs chemically from Scandinavian flint. Flint from five of the seven analysed localities proved distinguishable from Scandinavian flint on the basis of chemical analysis. We found that flint types which look the same can have different chemical compositions and that flint types which look the same and have the same chemical characteristics can come from places as far distant from each other as southern Scandinavia and western Ukraine.
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| 5. |
- Högberg, Anders, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Many Different Types of Scandinavian Flint : Visual Classification and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 107:4, s. 225-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hogberg, A.; Olausson, D. & Hughes, R., 2012. Many Different Types of Scandinavian Flint - Visual Classification and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence. Fornvannen 107. Stockholm. Proceeding from previously published studies of the provenance of southern Scandinavian flint based on visual classification and chemical sourcing, this paper presents a comprehensive study of flint provenancing. Existing knowledge of the appearance and geological origin of flint types is discussed and reappraised, and new chemical analyses of flint from 25 localities are presented. The results show that although there are certain problems in identifying the provenance of south Scandinavian flint using geochemical and visual criteria, in most cases these problems can be overcome. The study ends with a discussion of how the results of the study can be applied more broadly in future archaeological research.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Högberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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The Spread of Flint Axes and Daggers in Neolithic Scandinavia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Památky Archeologické. - 0031-0506. ; 92:2, s. 193-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flint has a limited distribution in the Scandinavian area, natural sources being largely confined to the southern regions. Here, the use of flint for making daggers and polished axes during the Neolithic is widespread and extensive. There is also evidence for mining of flint at Södra Sallerup in southern Sweden and on several sites in Denmark, but flint is available in till deposits as well. The goal of the article is to study the distribution of flint as a raw material in Neolithic contexts, concentrating on local and long-distance movement. We begin with a discussion of flint sources and their exploitation during the Neolithic. Thereafter we present three case studies illustrating how the use of flint varied over both time and space.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Olausson, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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A New Look at Bjurselet. The Neolithic Flint Axe Caches from Västerbotten, Sweden using non-destructive energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analysis for provenance determination
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Archaeologica. - Copenhagen : Brill. - 0065-101X .- 1600-0390. ; 83:2012, s. 83-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Because of the inexact nature of visual classification schemes and the resulting uncertainties of specifying raw material origins, geochemical methods applicable for sourcing Scandinavian flint have been sought. The authors have shown that EDXRF analysis yields geochemical data sufficiently precise and accurate to discriminate among many different varieties of archaeologically significant flint. However, these results are based on geologic specimens, most of which were culled fresh from in situ deposits. The goal of the present article was to determine if EDXRF analysis could yield meaningful results when applied to archaeological specimens. The Middle Neolithic flint objects discovered in the province of Västerbotten in northern Sweden, some 1500 kilometers distant from any flint sources, were deemed to be a suitable archaeological case study. Results from the Bjurselet analyses suggest that light patination does not appear to seriously compromise the geochemical results, at least for the elements tested here. Although EDXRF data alone were not sufficient for pinpointing the exact place of origin for the flint at Bjurselet, the results confirmed conclusions based on other kinds of evidence. The results provide an incentive to build up a more comprehensive geochemical library for further provenance work.
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| 10. |
- Olausson, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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The Use of Non-Destructive Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Analysis for Sourcing Flint in Northern Europe: Progress to Date and Prospects for the Future : Progress to Date and Prospects for the Future
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Exploitation of Raw Materials in Prehistory : Sourcing, Processing and Distribution - Sourcing, Processing and Distribution. - Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing. - 9781443895972 - 1443895970 ; , s. 98-112
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article summarizes the results of work since 2010 to develop non- destructive energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis (EDXRF) as a non-destructive method for determining the provenience of flint in northern Europe. Some 40 localities from Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Ukraine have been sampled and analyzed. Trace elements have not proven particularly effective in drawing distinctions between and among flint and chert because they often occur below, or near, detection limits. However CaO and Fe compositions usually generated the highest count rates and total counts using EDXRF and their concentrations allowed satisfactory partitioning of some of the flints we analyzed. EDXRF can help us to discriminate among various outcrops of flint used for tool production during prehistory. Future work involves investigating correlations between flint chemistry and visual appearance, as well as investigating source-critical aspects of post-depositional effects on tool surfaces.
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