| 1. |
- Alfalahi, Alyaa, et al.
(författare)
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Expanding a dictionary of marker words for uncertainty and negation using distributional semantics
- 2015
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Ingår i: EMNLP 2015 - 6th International Workshop on Health Text Mining and Information Analysis, LOUHI 2015 : Proceedings of the Workshop - Proceedings of the Workshop. - : Association for Computational Linguistics. - 9781941643327 ; , s. 90-96
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approaches to determining the factuality of diagnoses and findings in clinical text tend to rely on dictionaries of marker words for uncertainty and negation. Here, a method for semi-automatically expanding a dictionary of marker words using distributional semantics is presented and evaluated. It is shown that ranking candidates for inclusion according to their proximity to cluster centroids of semantically similar seed words is more successful than ranking them according to proximity to each individual seed word.
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| 2. |
- Ekberg, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Evidentiality in language and cognition
- 2009
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Ingår i: Functions of language. - : John Benjamins. - 0929-998X .- 1569-9765. ; 16:1, s. 5-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Engström, Robin, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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The In-group and Out-groups of the British National Party and the UK Independence Party : A Corpus-Based Discourse-Historical Analysis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Language and Politics. - : John Benjamins Publishing Company. - 1569-2159 .- 1569-9862. ; 14:4, s. 501-527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article investigates the self-presentation and the construction of immigration discourses in articles and policy documents published by the British National Party (BNP) and the UK Independence Party (UKIP). By combining corpus analysis with the Discourse-Historical Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis, a picture emerges of two parties whose use of language is governed by the same principle of differentiation. Fundamental to the BNP’s and UKIP’s language is the dichotomy in-group/out-group. The in-group analysis investigates the parties’ choice of form of self-representation, claims to unique competence, denial of attributes and mutual perception. The out-group analysis shows how the parties construct immigration, and focuses on the aspects of legal status, quantification and origin. The analyses suggest considerable lexical and conceptual overlapping in both in-group and out-group formation.
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| 4. |
- Farshchi, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses to negated and affirmative meanings in the auditory modality
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-5161. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Negation is frequently used in natural language, yet relatively little is known about its processing. More importantly, what is known regarding the neurophysiological processing of negation is mostly based on results of studies using written stimuli (the word-by-word paradigm). While the results of these studies have suggested processing costs in connection to negation (increased negativities in brain responses), it is difficult to know how this translates into processing of spoken language. We therefore developed an auditory paradigm based on a previous visual study investigating processing of affirmatives, sentential negation (not), and prefixal negation (un-). The findings of processing costs were replicated but differed in the details. Importantly, the pattern of ERP effects suggested less effortful processing for auditorily presented negated forms (restricted to increased anterior and posterior positivities) in comparison to visually presented negated forms. We suggest that the natural flow of spoken language reduces variability in processing and therefore results in clearer ERP patterns.
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| 5. |
- Farshchi, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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ERP studies of visual and auditory processing of negated sentences
- 2019
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Ingår i: [Presented at] The XIV International Symposium of Pshycholinguistics. - Tarragona : Rovira i Virgili University. ; , s. 85-85
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In two event-related potential studies, we investigated the processing of sentences with prefixal negation (unauthorized), sentential negation (not authorized) and no negation (authorized). We asked whether prefixal and sentential negation resulted in delayed processing. In Experiment 1, sentences such as “The White House announced that the new Obama biography was authorized/unauthorized/not authorized therefore the details in the book were correct/wrong in actual fact” were presented visually word by word and were followed by a forced binary-choice task (“Did the sentence make sense?”). The underlined words indicate the manipulations and the bold words indicate the critical words. In Experiment 2, the same sentences were presented auditorily. In both experiments, ERPs to the critical words were analyzed. The results suggest that in both experiments, the False version of non-negated sentences (authorized combined with wrong) elicited a larger N400 and P600 than the True version (authorized combined with correct). Sentences with prefixal and sentential negation in the visual experiment were related to slower processing suggesting a delay in integrating negation. However, in the auditory study, False sentences elicited increases in the P600 suggesting that both negation forms were successfully processed. The difference in processing the negated forms between the two modalities could be explained by the fact that the auditory paradigm allowed for a faster presentation and participants could thus keep the negated forms in working memory, while the visual study was, due to a slower presentation, more demanding on the working memory requiring an activation of the negated meanings as the critical words appeared.
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| 6. |
- Farshchi, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Processing sentences with sentential and prefixal negation : An event-related potential study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2327-3798 .- 2327-3801. ; 36:1, s. 84-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study is concerned with the integration of negation in relation to two models of the processing of negation: (i) the two-step model (Lüdtke et al., 2008), according to which negation involves two representations where negation is ignored in the first representation, and (ii) the pragmatic view (Nieuwland & Kuperberg, 2008), which posits that negation can be integrated without delay if it is used in a natural context. The processing of two negated forms (not authorised and unauthorised) and an affirmative form (authorised) was studied in complex congruent and incongruent contexts. Incongruities in affirmative sentences elicited a biphasic N400–P600. In both types of negated sentences, ERP patterns associated with higher processing difficulties (anterior and central negativities) were observed. The results did not support one or the other model, suggesting that the processing of negation cannot be fully captured by either of them.
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| 7. |
- Frännhag, Helena, 1971-
(författare)
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Interpretive Functions of Adjectives in English : A Cognitive Approach
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis presents a theoretical discussion of meaning creation in general, and interpretive functions of English adjectives in particular. The discussion rests on a dynamic view of meaning and interpretation, according to which there are no fixed linguistics meanings – not even for single lexemes. Instead of symbolising meaning in a more or less static and ‘eternal’ fashion, linguistic items are assumed to effect the creation of meaning and to shape meaning dynamically in the particular communicative event at hand, from some kind of underlying ‘raw material’ (also referred to as purport and schemas). It is suggested that the interpretive functions of linguistic items – that is the effects that such items have in the creation of meaning – may be approached in two main ways, namely from the formal and from the semantic point of view respectively. Effects triggered by the form of a certain item are referred to as formal interpretive functions (FIFs), and effects prompted by the meaning created for the form are referred to as semantic interpretive functions (SIFs). FIFs are claimed to be the same for all items – namely to activate, delimit and shape underlying purport and schemas – whereas SIFs are said to differ between items, and also for one and the same item on different occasions of use. It is furthermore suggested that FIFs affect the creation of meaning for the relevant item itself, whereas SIFs affect the creation of meaning for other items, on any level of conceptual organisation. For instance, a form such as tall typically activates and delimits purport and schemas to do with some kind of extension (notably in space), thereby shaping a basic word meaning tall. The meaning thus created may in turn affect other meaning in the larger context. For instance, tall, as created in default interpretation of a tall man entered the room, affects the meaning of the noun phrase a tall man as a whole, in that it specifies the interpreter’s conception of a certain something that entered a specific room. In this case, the relevant SIF is thus to specify. Other SIFs suggested for adjectives are kind identification, element identification, identity provision and stipulation. The aim of the thesis is two-fold: on the one hand to outline a suggestive theory of meaning creation and interpretive function in general, and, on the other hand, to present a theoretical discussion of adjective functions in particular, with the ultimate goal of providing a general framework from which more specific models for in-depth empirical research can be obtained.
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| 8. |
- Jones, Steven, et al.
(författare)
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Googling for opposites: a web-based study of antonym canonicity
- 2007
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Ingår i: Corpora. - 1755-1676. ; 2:2, s. 129-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to explain why some semantically-opposed word pairs are more likely to be seen as canonical antonyms (for example, cold/hot) than others (icy/scorching, cold/fiery, freezing/hot, etc.). Specifically, it builds on research which has demonstrated that, in discourse, antonyms are inclined to favour certain frames, such as ‘X and Y alike’, ‘from X to Y’ and ‘either X or Y’ (Justeson and Katz, 1991; etc.), and to serve a limited range of discourse functions (Jones, 2002). Our premise is that the more canonical an antonym pair is, the greater the fidelity with which it will occupy such frames. Since an extremely large corpus is needed to identify meaningful patterns of co-occurrence, we turn to Internet data for this research. As well as enabling the notion of antonym canonicity to be revisited from a more empirical perspective, this approach also allows us to evaluate the appropriateness (and assess the risks) of using the World Wide Web as a corpus for studies into certain types of low-frequency textual phenomena.
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| 9. |
- Kerren, Andreas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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From Culture to Text to Interactive Visualization of Wine Reviews
- 2013
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Ingår i: Knowledge Visualization Currents<em></em>. - London : Springer. - 9781447143024 ; , s. 85-110
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of a large corpus of wine reviews, this chapter proposes a range of interactive visualization techniques that are useful for linguistic exploration and analysis of lexical, grammatical and discursive patterns in text. Our visualization tool allows linguists and others to make comparisons of visual, olfactory, gustatory and textual properties of different wines for example from different countries, from different grape varieties, or from different vintages. It also supports the visual exploration of sensory descriptions as well as confirmatory investigations of text and discourse. Besides a more technical discussion of our visualization approach, we also provide a more general overview of text and corpus visualizations and highlight linguistic challenges that we had to address during the development phase.
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| 10. |
- Kerren, Andreas, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of Sensory Perception Descriptions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Visualisation. - : IEEE. - 9780769544762 ; , s. 135-144
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the basis of a large corpus of wine reviews, this paper proposes a range of interactive visualization techniques that are useful for linguistic exploration and analysis of lexical, grammatical and discursive patterns in text. Our visualization tool allows linguists and others to make comparisons of visual, olfactory, gustatory and textual properties of different wines from different parts of the worlds, from different grape varieties, or from different vintages. It also supports the immediate creation of visual profiles for descriptions of sensory perceptions for exploratory purposes as well as for purposes of confirmatory investigations of linguistic patterns in text and discourse and their correlations to metadata variables.
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