| 1. |
- Agerström, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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Etnicitet och övervikt:
- 2007
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Särbehandling i anställningsprocessen av specifika grupper, såsom personer med en bakgrund i Mellanöstern och överviktiga, har traditionellt ansetts bero på ett medvetet val från arbetsgivarens sida. Forskning inom social kognition tyder dock på att denna särbehandling skulle kunna ske omedvetet, påverkat av arbetsgivarens omedvetna (implicita) fördomar. I den här studien har studenter och arbetsgivare genomfört tre olika implicita associationstester i syfte att mäta deras implicita attityder och prestationsstereotyper gentemot arabmuslimska män relativt infödda svenska män och deras implicita prestationsstereotyper gentemot överviktiga relativt normalviktiga. Resultaten visar att studenter och arbetsgivare på implicit nivå associerar arabmuslimska män och överviktiga med lägre prestation jämfört med infödda svenska män och normalviktiga män, samt har en mer negativ implicit attityd gentemot arabmuslimska män jämfört med infödda svenska män.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson-Olsson, Diana, et al.
(författare)
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Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture as a novel method for enrichment of Campylobacter species
- 2007
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Ingår i: Applied and Environmental Microbiology. - 0099-2240. ; 73:21, s. 6864-6869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we present a novel method to isolate and enrich low concentrations of Campylobacter pathogens. This method, Acanthamoeba-Campylobacter coculture (ACC), is based on the intracellular survival and multiplication of Campylobacter species in the free-living protozoan Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Four of the Campylobacter species relevant to humans and livestock, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. hyointestinalis, were effectively enriched by the coculture method, with growth rates comparable to those observed in other Campylobacter enrichment media. Studying six strains of C. jejuni isolated from different sources, we found that all of the strains could be enriched from an inoculum of fewer than 10 bacteria. The sensitivity of the ACC method was not negatively affected by the use of Campylobacter-selective antibiotics in the culture medium, but these were effective in suppressing the growth of seven different bacterial species added at a concentration of 10(4) CFU/ml of each species as deliberate contamination. The ACC method has advantages over other enrichment methods as it is not dependent on a microaerobic milieu and does not require the use of blood or other oxygen-quenching agents. Our study found the ACC method to be a promising tool for the enrichment of Campylobacter species, particularly from water samples with low bacterial concentrations.
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| 3. |
- Bensch, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal dynamics and diversity of avian malaria parasites in a single host species
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Ecology. - Blackwell Publishing. - 0021-8790. ; 76:1, s. 112-122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have used molecular methods to unravel a remarkable diversity of parasite lineages in a long-term population study of great reed warblers Acrocephalus arundinaceus that was not foreseen from traditional microscopic examination of blood smears. This diversity includes eight Haemoproteus and 10 Plasmodium lineages of which most probably represent good biological species.Contrary to expectation, the relative frequency of parasite lineages seemed not to change over the 17-year study period and we found no effects of the parasites on a male secondary sexual ornament (song repertoire size) and two measures of fitness (adult survival and production of recruited offspring).We discuss whether the absence of fitness consequences of the parasites might relate to the fact that we have studied the host at the breeding sites in Europe, whereas the transmission seems to take place at the wintering sites in Africa, where the naive birds encounter the parasites for the first time and the resulting primary infections likely make them sicker than during the chronic phase of the infection.The prevalence of the three most common lineages appeared to fluctuate in parallel with a periodicity of approximately 3-4 years. Theoretical models based on intrinsic interactions between parasite antigen and host immune genes cannot explain such dynamics, suggesting that knowledge of extrinsic parameters such as vector distribution and alternative hosts are required to understand these patterns.
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| 4. |
- Berling, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Demand and sales value considerations for differentiating the service levels
- 2007
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Ingår i: NOFOMA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- How to choose the appropriate service level has been described by many authors and logistics professionals. The common basis for differentiating the policy parameters between products used by many professionals is a traditional ABC-analysis based on the sales volume in SEK, i.e. the demand times the price per unit. Even if this basis is suitable for several issues in inventory management it is not the best for differentiating the service level. This since the value of having a high service level for a high-price product is comparatively low whereas the value of having it for a high demand product is high. There hence exist arguments both for a high and a low service level for A products.The purpose of this work is to 1) estimate the potential savings from differentiating the service level 2) contribute to the understanding of which factors should be used as the base for differentiating the service level 3) develop an easy to use method for grouping the products and determining the appropriate service level for each group. In the paper we suggest a simple method for differentiating the service level using a combined ABC/XYZ analysis based on the sales volume in SEK (as the traditional method) and the demand in units. The economical benefits of the suggested method have been evaluated using numerical examples based on real life demand data. This study indicates that substantial cost benefits can be achieved compared to a system with no differentiation of the service levels.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bring, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Colour development in copper ruby alkali silicate glasses : Part 1. The impact of tin (II) oxide, time and temperature
- 2007
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Ingår i: Glass Technology, Eur J Glass Sci Technol A. - Society of Glass Technology. ; 48:2, s. 101-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of the red colour in copper ruby alkali silicate glasses has been studied by means of ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy, TEM and EXAFS. The results show that in both red and slightly overstruck, brownish glasses the colour is due to clusters of metallic copper. Before striking non-coloured glasses contain mainly cuprous ions, Cu+. Tin acts as a reducing agent but also has an accelerating effect on colour development.
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| 7. |
- Bring, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Selenium-molybdenum-based colouration of alkali silicate glasses
- 2007
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Ingår i: Glass Technology - European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A. - Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3546. ; 48:5, s. 213-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between selenium and molybdenum in reduced alkali silicate melts, resulting in red glasses has been studied. The oxidation state of Mo is Mo(VI) as evidenced by XANES and ESCA results. Selenium is present in a reduced state, as indicated by ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy and XANES. The colour is described by ultraviolet/visible spectra and CIE colour coordinates. The main absorption peaks are at 450 and 540 nm. Similar bands are reported for MoOSe32-. Several commonly used glass components must be avoided in the batch, as they prevent formation of the red colour.
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| 8. |
- Carlsson, Magnus, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence of ethnic discrimination in the Swedish labor market using experimental data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Labour Economics. - Elsevier. - 0927-5371. ; 14:4, s. 716-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present evidence of ethnic discrimination in the recruitment process by sending fictitious applications to real job openings. Applications with identical skills were randomly assigned Middle Eastern or Swedish-sounding names and applications with a Swedish name receive fifty percent more callbacks for an interview. We extend previous analyses by adding register and interview information on firms/recruiters to the experimental data. We find that male recruiters and workplaces with fewer than twenty employees less often call applications with a Middle Eastern name for an interview.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Einvall, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of reforming catalyst deactivation by exposure to fly ash from biomass gasification in laboratory scale
- 2007
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Ingår i: energy & Fuels. - Amer Chemical Soc. - 0887-0624. ; 21:5, s. 2481-2488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production of synthesis gas by catalytic reforming of product gas from biomass gasification can lead to catalyst deactivation by the exposure to ash compounds present in the flue gas. The impact of fly ash from biomass gasification on reforming catalysts was studied at the laboratory scale. The investigated catalyst was Pt/Rh based, and it was exposed to generated K2SO4 aerosol particles and to aerosol particles produced from the water-soluble part of biomass fly ash, originating from a commercial biomass combustion plant. The noble metal catalyst was also compared with a commercial Ni-based catalyst, exposed to aerosol particles of the same fashion. To investigate the deactivation by aerosol particles, a flow containing submicrometer-size selected aerosol particles was led through the catalyst bed. The particle size of the poison was measured prior to the catalytic reactor system. Fresh and aerosol particle exposed catalysts were characterized using BET surface area, XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction), and H-2 Chemisorption. The Pt/Rh catalyst was also investigated for activity in the steam methane reforming reaction. It was found that the method to deposit generated aerosol particles on reforming catalysts could be a useful procedure to investigate the impact of different compounds possibly present in the product gas from the gasifier, acting as potential catalyst poisons. The catalytic deactivation procedure by exposure to aerosol particles is somehow similar to what happens in a real plant, when a catalyst bed is located subsequent to a biomass gasifier or a combustion boiler. Using different environments (oxidizing, reducing, steam present, etc.) in the aerosol generation adds further flexibility to the suggested aerosol deactivation method. It is essential to investigate the deactivating effect at the laboratory scale before a full-scale plant is taken into operation to avoid operational problems.
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