| 1. |
- Javed, Saqib, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of Borehole Thermal Resistance
- 2016
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Ingår i: Advances in Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems. - 9780081003220 - 9780081003114 ; , s. 63-95
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The borehole thermal resistance – that is, the thermal resistance between the fluid in the U-tube and the borehole wall – is a key performance characteristic of a closed-loop borehole ground heat exchanger. Lower borehole thermal resistance leads to better system performance. Since the original identification of the concept borehole thermal resistance by Mogensen (1983), there have been numerous methods proposed for calculating this. In this chapter, we present methods for calculating local borehole thermal resistance and effective borehole thermal resistance which account for short-circuiting between the upward and downward-flowing legs of the ground heat exchanger. We also compare a wide range of simple, relatively easy-to-calculate methods to a detailed reference method and recommend suitable simplified methods.
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| 2. |
- Enejder, Annika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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SHG Imaging for Tissue Engineering Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Second Harmonic Generation Imaging. - : CRC Press. - 9781439849156 - 9781439849149 ; , s. 409-426
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Treatment of lost tissue oen relies on transplantations, either of donor or of autologous tissue. Both alternatives have limitations; there is for example a limited supply of donor transplants, which also require immunosuppression therapy with possible side eects. Transplanted autologous tissue may lack some of the functions of the original tissue and the procedure may also introduce complications at the donor site. In some cases, articial substitutes manufactured from nonbiological materials can be used, for example, synthetic polymer blood vessels or joint replacement prostheses. However, these replacements have drawbacks such as risk for infections, limited material durability, and lack of mechanisms for repair, growth, and remodeling. For these reasons, development of advanced articial tissue constructs with adaptive capabilities is desirable.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Vibration Reduction in Pipe Systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: Dynamics of Civil Structures. ; Volume 4, s. 459-468
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transmitted vibrations from water-pipe systems, involving supports standing on a concrete slab and the underlying ground, are investigated here. The effects of varying parameters of the supports, such as location, their elastic modulus and their cross-section, on the level of vibrations transmitted by the water-pipe system are analysed in order to minimise vibrations transmitted to sensitive parts in a facility. A finite element model involving use of both finite and infinite elements was employed for analyses in the frequency domain where account was taken of both fluid-structure interaction and soil-structure interaction. It was concluded from the analyses performed that the parameters of the supports had an appreciable effect on the vibration level in the facility.
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| 4. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical Study of Reduction in Vibrations Induced by Water-Pipe System
- 2015
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Ingår i: Dynamics of Civil Structures. ; 2, s. 407-419
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In certain buildings such as synchrotrons and large ground telescopes, strict requirements are stated regarding the vibration levels. Both external and internal vibration sources, for example traffic and indoor water pumps, can have an appreciable effect on the vibration levels in the buildings. The synchrotron research facility MAX IV, which is currently under construction in Sweden, serves as an example case for the analyses. In MAX IV, several water-pipe systems used for cooling purposes will be placed near vibration sensitive equipment. These systems will transmit vibrations, into structural parts of the facility, which could exceed the vibration requirements. Structural modifications of pipe systems are investigated here by means of the finite element method in order to reduce vibration levels in the building. The finite element model employed includes a water-pipe system, adjacent building parts and the underlying soil. The use of fluid-structure interaction is investigated as well as the use of component mode synthesis. This paper focuses on the numerical procedure used as well as the effects on transmitted vibrations by different placements of the pipe supports.
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| 5. |
- Koppram, Rakesh, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation for bioethanol production using corncobs at lab, PDU and demo scales
- 2015
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Ingår i: Fuel production from non-food biomass: Corn stover. - : Apple Academic Press. - 9781498728430 - 9781771881234 ; , s. 155-179
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The global CO2 emissions in 2010 from fossil energy use grew at the fastest rate since 1969. The year 2010 also witnessed that the global oil production did not match the rapid growth in consumption [1]. These recent data further intensify worldwide concerns about greenhouse gas emissions and energy security for a sustained economic development. For a reduced dependence on oil from fossil reserves, use of biofuels such as bioethanol from abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass is of great interest nowadays because they will count towards meeting the mandate of 10% binding target for biofuels from renewable sources in the transport for all European member states by 2020 [2]. Along with this interest comes increased interest in commercializing ethanol production technology from inexpensive lignocellulosic feedstocks which includes wood biomass, agricultural and forestry residues, biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal wastes. Irrespective of type, the basic structural composition of lignocellulosic biomass consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The cellulose and hemicellulose that form the polysaccharide fraction are embedded in a recalcitrant and inaccessible arrangement [3] and therefore requires a pretreatment step to disrupt the structure and make it accessible for subsequent steps. Since lignocellulosic materials are very complex, not one pretreatment method can apply for all the materials. Several methods that are classified in to physical, physico-chemical, chemical and biological pretreatment have been investigated and an elaborate review on each of these methods has been presented by Taherzadeh and Karimi [4]. One of the most commonly used pretreatment methods is steam explosion, with the addition of H2SO4 or SO2, which removes most of the hemicellulose, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to convert cellulose to glucose [5,6].
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| 6. |
- Nedic, Mitja, et al.
(författare)
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Herglotz functions and applications in electromagnetics
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Mathematical Methods for Electromagnetics. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781785613845 - 9781785613852 ; , s. 491-514
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Herglotz functions inevitably appear in pure mathematics, mathematical physics, and engineering with a wide range of applications. In particular, they are the pertinent functions to model passive systems, and thus appear in modeling of electromagnetic phenomena in circuits, antennas, materials, and scattering. In this chapter, we review the basic theory of Herglotz functions and its applications to determine sum rules and physical bounds for passive systems.
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| 7. |
- Hatti-Kaul, Rajni, et al.
(författare)
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Anaerobes in industrial- and environmental biotechnology
- 2016
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Ingår i: Anaerobes in Biotechnology. Advances in Biochemical Engineering : Biotechnology - Biotechnology. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0724-6145. - 9783319456515 - 9783319456492 ; 156, s. 1-33
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic microorganisms present in diverse ecological niches employ alternative strategies for energy conservation in the absence of oxygen which enables them to play a key role in maintaining the global cycles of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, and the breakdown of persistent compounds. Thereby they become useful tools in industrial and environmental biotechnology. Although anaerobes have been relatively neglected in comparison to their aerobic counterparts, with increasing knowledge about their diversity and metabolic potential and the development of genetic tools and process technologies to utilize them, we now see a rapid expansion of their applications in the society. This chapter summarizes some of the developments in the use of anaerobes as tools for biomass valorization, in production of energy carriers and chemicals, wastewater treatment, and the strong potential in soil remediation. The ability of several autotrophic anaerobes to reduce carbon dioxide is attracting growing attention as a means for developing a platform for conversion of waste gases to chemicals, materials, and biofuels.
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| 8. |
- Athanasopoulos, Stefanos D., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping Grain Strains in Sand Under Load Using Neutron Diffraction Scanning
- 2018
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Ingår i: Micro to MACRO Mathematical Modelling in Soil Mechanics. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2297-0215 .- 2297-024X. - 9783319994734 - 9783319994741 ; , s. 23-33
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Towards the improvement of the understanding of force/stress distribution in granular media under load, a new experimental approach is suggested. Neutron diffraction, a non-conventional experimental technique, has been successfully used to map the evolution of intragranular strains in sand specimens loaded in a novel plane-strain apparatus. Representative preliminary results from recent experiments are presented, focusing on the correlation between the macro- and micro-scale response of the material, to highlight the potential of the experimental approach.
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| 9. |
- Hummerdal, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Learning from Failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering. - 9780199757183
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling, Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Technical Infrastructures
- 2012
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Ingår i: Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures – A Guideline for Analysis. - London : Springer London. - 9781447146605 ; 1, s. 49-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk and Interdependencies in Critical Infrastructures Springer Series in Reliability Engineering 2012, pp 49-65 Modelling, Simulation and Vulnerability Analysis of Interdependent Technical Infrastructures Jonas Johansson, Henrik Hassel … show all 2 hide » Download Book (7 380 KB) As a courtesy to our readers, the eBook is provided DRM-free. However, please note that an invisible watermark has been included to safeguard the author’s interests. » Download Chapter (429 KB) Abstract In this chapter, a modelling framework for interdependent technical infrastructures is presented. As input to the framework, characteristics of interdependencies and the objectives of the modelling framework are discussed. The overall approach is to divide the modelling of technical infrastructures into two parts, a topological part and a functional part. The topological part describes the structure and how components are connected. The functional part describes the flow of the infrastructure and how the system reacts when strains affect it. This generic approach of how to model individual infrastructures then enables the inclusion of dependencies in and analyses of a “system-of-system” model. Three perspectives of vulnerability analyses are also presented: global vulnerability, critical components and geographical vulnerability. The presented framework is utilized in, but not limited to, the context of vulnerability analyses in Chap. 6 for two different types of interdependent technical infrastructures.
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