| 1. |
- Abrahamsson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Making sense of the challenge of smoking cessation during pregnancy : a phenomenographic approach.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Health Education Research. - : Oxford University Press. - 0268-1153 .- 1465-3648. ; 20:3, s. 367-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In general, most women are familiar with the need to stop smoking when they are pregnant. In spite of this, many women find it difficult to stop. Using a phenomenographic approach, this study explored Swedish pregnant and post-pregnant women's ways of making sense of smoking during pregnancy. A total of 17 women who either smoked throughout pregnancy or stopped smoking during pregnancy were interviewed. Five different story types of how they are making sense of smoking during pregnancy were identified: smoking can be justified; will stop later; my smoking might hurt the baby; smoking is just given up; smoking must be taken charge of. Based on the study it is argued that the approach used in health education in relation to smoking cessation in antenatal care needs to move from information transfer and advice-giving to the creation of a dialogue. The starting point should be the woman's knowledge, concerns, rationalizations and prejudices. A model is suggested in which a woman may move in a space on three axes depending on life encounters, dialogue and reflections on meaning. The goal in health education would be to encourage movement along three axes: 'increase of self-efficacy towards control', 'increase awareness by reflection on meaning of the smoking issue' and 'avoidance of defense of the smoking behavior'.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Agneta, et al.
(författare)
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Some lessons from Swedish midwives' experiences of approaching women smokers in antenatal care.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Midwifery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3099 .- 0266-6138. ; 21:Jul 14, s. 335-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: to describe the qualitatively different ways in which midwives make sense of how to approach women smokers. Design, setting and participants: a more person-centred national project 'Smoke-free pregnancy' has been in progress in Sweden since 1992. Using a phenomenographic approach, 24 midwives who have been regularly working in antenatal care were interviewed about addressing smoking during pregnancy. Findings: four different story types of how the midwives made sense of their experiences in addressing smoking in pregnancy were identified: 'avoiding', 'informing', 'friend-making', 'co-operating'. Key conclusion: the midwives' story types about how they approached women who smoke illustrated the difficulties of changing from being an expert who gives information and advice to being an expert on how to enable a woman in finding out why she smoked and how to stop smoking. Implications for practice: health education about smoking that is built on cooperation and dialogue was seen by the midwives as a productive way of working. The starting point should be the lay perspective of a woman, which means that her thoughts about smoking cessation are given the space to grow while she talks.
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| 3. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Child witnesses’ metamemory realism
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 47, s. 461-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the degree of realism in the confidence judgments of 11-12 year old children (N=81) of their answers to questions relating to a short film clip showing a kidnapping event. Four different confidence scales were used: a numeric scale, a picture scale, a line scale, and a written scale. The results demonstrated that the children showed a high level of overconfidence in their memories. However, no significant differences between the four confidence scales were found. The results indicate that, at least in the context investigated, 11-12 year-old children’s confidence in their event memory show poor realism. A comparison with previous research on adults indicates that children show noticeably poorer realism.
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| 4. |
- Allwood, Carl Martin, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of source and type of feedback on child witnesses' metamemory accuracy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Applied Cognitive Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0888-4080 .- 1099-0720. ; 19:3, s. 331-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the effect of feedback on the accuracy (realism) of 12-year-old children's metacognitive judgments of their answers to questions about a film clip. Two types of judgments were investigated: confidence judgments (on each question) and frequency judgments (i.e. estimates of overall accuracy). The source of feedback, whether it was presented as provided by a teacher or a peer child, did not influence metacognitive accuracy. Four types of feedback were given depending on whether the participant's answer was correct and depending on whether the feedback confirmed or disconfirmed the child's answer. The children showed large overconfidence when they received confirmatory feedback but much less so when they received disconfirmatory feedback. The children gave frequency judgments implying that they had more correct answers than they actually had. No main gender differences were found for any of the measures. The results indicate a high degree of malleability in children's metacognitive judgments.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Bo, Docent, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Developing M-Services : Lessons Learned From the Developers Perspective.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Communications of the Association for Information Systems. - : Association for Information Systems. - 1529-3181 .- 1529-3181. ; 20:38, s. 605-620
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years the Swedish Police Force (SPF) have encountered greater demands on availability and 24/7 services when dealing with errands that are regarded as low priority compared to regular police work, e.g. collecting tips from the public. One attempt to meet these increasing demands was the development of a mobile communications platform that allowed the public to communicate easily with the SPF using their own mobile phones by sending SMS and MMS. The focus of this paper is on the early phases of development of this m-service, in particular, on the specific technical issues such as interoperability and standards used by the actors on the scene affecting the development of mobile information systems. The learning experiences are as follows: First, mobile communication platforms have a large potential for contributing to the field of emergency management information systems since they can be based on open and nationally accepted standards. Second, global and national standards for sending multimedia messages are not always truly standardized. Operators and mobile phone manufacturers make minor alterations and interpretations of the standard and thereby some of the benefits found in standards disappear. Third, when developing mobile information systems we suggest and recommend that the analysis phase should be enhanced compared to traditional system development, and it should address the interoperability between mobile phones on one hand and operators on the other hand.
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| 6. |
- Bolmsjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday ethical problems in dementia care: a teleological model.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0989 .- 0969-7330. ; 13:4, s. 340-359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a teleological model for analysis of everyday ethical situations in dementia care is used to analyse and clarify perennial ethical problems in nursing home care for persons with dementia. This is done with the aim of describing how such a model could be useful in a concrete care context. The model was developed by Sandman and is based on four aspects: the goal; ethical side-constraints to what can be done to realize such a goal; structural constraints; and nurses’ ethical competency. The model contains the following main steps: identifying and describing the normative situation; identifying and describing the different possible alternatives; assessing and evaluating the different alternatives; and deciding on, implementing and evaluating the chosen alternative. Three ethically difficult situations from dementia care were used for the application of the model. The model proved useful for the analysis of nurses’ everyday ethical dilemmas and will be further explored to evaluate how well it can serve as a tool to identify and handle problems that arise in nursing care.
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| 7. |
- Bolmsjö, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday ethics in the care of elderly people
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nursing Ethics. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0989 .- 0969-7330. ; 13:3, s. 249-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the general ethical milieu in a nursing home for elderly residents and provides a decision-making model for analysing the ethical situations that arise. It considers what it means for the residents to live together and for the staff to be in ethically problematic situations when caring for residents. An interpretative phenomenological approach and Sandman’s ethical model proved useful for this purpose. Systematic observations were carried out and interpretation of the general ethical milieu was summarized as ‘being in the same world without meeting’. Two themes and four subthemes emerged from the analysis. Three different ethical problems were analysed. The outcome of using the decision-making model highlighted the discrepancy between the solutions used and well-founded solutions to these problems. An important conclusion that emerged from this study was the need for a structured tool for reflection.
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| 8. |
- Denvall, Verner, et al.
(författare)
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Supply and Demand : Evaluation Training for Social Work and Social Care in a Swedish Context
- 2008
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Ingår i: Social Work Education. - : Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. - 0261-5479 .- 1470-1227. ; 27:1, s. 19-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Only during the last two decades has the discourse on evaluation been on the Swedish agenda of social work and social care. One assumption is that a conscious need for evaluation knowledge and evaluation capacity has finally surfaced. This is based on the view that work efforts of social service organizations are regarded as chiefly authority-based and to a lesser degree based upon scientific knowledge. This article addresses two questions: which actors are involved in training evaluators in, and of, social work in Sweden and what kind of knowledge is communicated in training programmes? Further, is the discourse of evidence-based practice incorporated into the training of social workers? A national study in Sweden, conducted in 2002, reveals that only a minority of social work and social care students are exposed to the concept and practice of evaluation throughout their education, and this is in a most rudimentary way. R&D units offer practitioners more training in evaluation and related knowledge development activities. However, this work is not conducted in a focused manner nor is every Swedish municipality necessarily targeted. If evaluation education and training opportunities are viewed in light of a supply-and-demand situation, we may find an explanation of the current curriculum for evaluation in the social work educational system and the corresponding evaluation practice levels in social service organizations
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| 9. |
- Englund, Ann-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Assisting teens with asthma to take command
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 20:2, s. 193-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In English To meet and work with teenagers may be a challenge for caregivers as adolescence is a period when youths try to establish autonomy. Although asthma is an increasing problem worldwide, few studies have addressed professional caregivers' motives and actions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe professional caregivers' strategies in their work with teenagers with asthma. Grounded theory, inspired by Glaser, was used to uncover the phenomenon. The informants were seven professional caregivers who worked at an eight-day asthma camp for teenagers in Sweden. Participant observations and interviews were used, and the first author collected the data and participated in the activities. Findings show that professional caregivers' core concern is to assist teenagers with asthma to take command. This core concern gives rise to five strategies: showing respect, being at hand, promoting own responsibility, promoting to exceed boundaries and promoting reflections. In professional caregivers' attempt to assist teenagers to take command some differences are seen in the way they support boys and girls. One conclusion drawn from our study is that the provisional theory of 'Assisting teenagers with asthma to take command' is not only suitable for professional caregivers working at asthma camps; it may, in some degree, also be used as a source of inspiration for professional caregivers in other settings.
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| 10. |
- Erikson, Martin G.
(författare)
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The meaning of the future – Towards a more specific definition of possible selves.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Review of General Psychology. - : SAGE Publications. - 1089-2680 .- 1939-1552. ; 11:4, s. 348-358
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Possible selves are traditionally defined as conceptions of our selves in future states. The author discusses the way the theory is used in the literature and argues that there is a need for a clearer definition, cecause there appear to be a number of common misinterpretations regarding possible selves. Important features of possible selves are discussed, in particular their nature as experienced meaning, their relation with the rest of the self-concept, and their social and cultural nature. It is suggested that agency is an important aspect of possible selves, and that they can be seen as narratives. The clearer definition suggested is that possible selves are conceptions of our selves in the future, including, at least to some degree, an experience of being an agent in a future situation. Possible selves get vital parts of their meaning in interplay with the self-concept which they in turn moderate, as well as from their social and cultural context.
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