| 1. |
- Maaninen-Olsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Permanent and temporary work practices : Knowledge integration and the meaning of boundary activities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Knowledge Management Research & Practice. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1477-8238 .- 1477-8246. ; 6:4, s. 260-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge integration is a critical topic in current knowledge management research and practice. Research on this topic focuses primarily on how knowledge is integrated within a work setting. A less researched area is knowledge integration between different work groups. The purpose is hence to describe and analyze how knowledge is integrated between different work groups. We present two intensive case studies – one permanent and one temporary (project) work settings – which were studied using a practice-based perspective. A main result of the study is that knowledge integration in the two cases was more complicated than the literature suggests. Both differences and similarities were found between the two cases. Differences were seen in the use of boundary spanning activities and boundary objects, whereas similarities were found in the organizational structures and mechanisms, that is, purposes, rules, and infrastructures, which facilitated the integration of knowledge and/or functioned as obstacles and impediments.
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| 2. |
- Anderberg, Elsie, et al.
(författare)
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Micro processes of learning : Exploring the interplay between conceptions, meanings and expressions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Higher Education. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-1560 .- 1573-174X. ; 58:5, s. 653-668
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article describes qualitative variation in micro processes of learning, focusing the dynamic interplay between conceptions, expressions and meanings of expressions in students' learning in higher education. The intentional-expressive approach employed is an alternative approach to the function of language use in learning processes. In the empirical investigation, a dialogue model was used that both stimulates and documents students' ways of processing meaning. Results were grouped into three descriptive categories: vague, stabilising and developing ways of processing. Educational implications include, firstly, two distinct types of vague constitution of meaning in learning: one connected to fragmentary relationships between expressions and meanings, and another that triggers and creates close relationships and changes in relationships. Secondly, the categories display different unexplored ways of processing, related to deep and surface approaches in students' learning.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Attentional bias for negative self-words in young women The role of thin ideal priming and body shape dissatisfaction
- 2005
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 38:3, s. 723-733
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research suggests that body dissatisfied women are particularly susceptible to negative affect following exposure to thin media images, whereas body satisfied women may even respond positively to such images. It was thus hypothesised that negative self-referent information would be more accessible in body dissatisfied women than in women satisfied with their bodies after viewing thin ideal images. Such activation of negative self-schemata was expected to be reflected through delayed colour-naming of negative self-referent words on the emotional Stroop task. Eighty-seven young women were randomised either to a thin ideal priming condition or a neutral priming condition, before undergoing an emotional Stroop task with performance-related and interpersonal-related threat words. There was a significant interaction between body dissatisfaction and thin ideal priming on attentional bias for performance words. This effect was most clearly seen in the body satisfied group, who were faster to colour-name performance words after priming. Further, this group showed an increase in self-esteem after testing. These findings may suggest that body satisfied women responded positively to thin ideal images. Alternatively, the facilitation effect of negative performance words may have been indicative of strategic avoidant processing serving to protect against negative impact of thin ideal exposure. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Svensson, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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The use of language in understanding subject matter
- 2009
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Ingår i: Instructional science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-4277 .- 1573-1952. ; 37:3, s. 205-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Empirical results show that frequently the meaning of expressions used by students in expressing their understanding of subject matter does not correspond to the meaning of those expressions in the subject matter theory that the students are expected to learn. There is also often a lack of identity of meaning between the same students' use of the same expression from one use of the expression to another, in very similar contexts. The context gives a specific meaning to any expression. This variation in context and meaning is very central to the phenomena of teaching and learning. In educational research there is a need to differentiate between specific meanings expressed in conceptualizing subject matter, on the one hand, and concepts and meanings seen as parts of cognitive systems and social languages, on the other. The contextual character of the use of language is crucial to the understanding of teaching and learning and needs to be more carefully considered. The article is a discussion of the problem of varying meanings of language expressions in relation to major traditions of research, focusing on meanings and concepts within the field of learning and teaching.
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| 5. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Resource interfaces telling other stories about the commercial use of new technology : The embedding of biotech solutions in US, China and Taiwan
- 2009
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - Oslo : The IMP Group. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 3:2, s. 86-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on the embedding of new biotech solutions into three business landscapes - US, China and Taiwan. A "state-of-the-art" chromatography system tuned for operating in the step between laboratory and large-scale production is used as the common point of departure to investigate the supplier-user interfaces involving biotechnology in each of the three countries; the resource interaction in the networks around each machine is mapped. The analysis identifies the influences left on these resource interfaces by the national frameworks of science, policy and business. The results stress the importance of established resource structures to enable use of new technical solutions, the facilitating and restricting role of local path dependency, and the problems faced by policy in breeding network-level interactions sustaining the development and use of biotech solutions.
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Structural modeling of generalized prejudice: The role of social dominance, authoritarianism, and empathy
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Individual Differences. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2299 .- 1614-0001. ; 28:1, s. 10-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Structural equation modeling on questionnaire data showed that prejudice toward different target groups can be represented in terms of a general prejudice factor. Distinction of classical and modern prejudice only increased model fit marginally. In two separate samples (paper and pencil vs. Internet) several structural models of the relationship between key individual difference variables and prejudice were tested, revealing highly similar results. Social dominance orientation, empathy, and right-wing authoritarianism had direct effects on generalized prejudice. The effect of participant sex on generalized prejudice, where the men scored higher, was largely mediated by empathy. The benefit of including empathy in structural models of prejudice is emphasized.
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| 7. |
- Granqvist, Pehr, et al.
(författare)
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Contribution of religiousness in the prediction and interpretation of mystical experiences in a sensory deprivation context : activation of religious schemas
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychology. - 0022-3980 .- 1940-1019. ; 140:4, s. 319-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- M. A. Persinger (2002) claimed that transcranial magnetic stimulation with weak, complex magnetic fields evokes mystical experiences. However, in a double-blind experiment, P. Granqvist, M. Fredrikson, P. Unge, A. Hagenfeldt, S. Valind., et al. (2005) found no effects of field exposure on mystical experiences (N = 89), though a minority of participants reported spontaneous mystical experiences. Following the conclusion of null effects from magnetic field exposure, the setup of this experiment, including pre-experimental assessments of religiousness and sensory deprivation, can be viewed as a prime/setting for such experiences. The authors analyzed subsets of experimental data from P. Granqvist and colleagues with emphasis on the contribution of religiousness in the prediction and interpretation of mystical experiences. They found that a higher degree of religiousness predicted a higher occurrence of mystical experiences with a religious quality, but not of mystical experiences without such a quality. The authors discuss findings in terms of the experimental setup serving as a prime/setting activating the religious schemas of religious participants.
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| 8. |
- Koinberg, Inga-Lill, et al.
(författare)
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The usefulness of a multidisciplinary educational programme after breast cancer surgery : A prospective and comparative study
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - London : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 10, s. 273-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate a multidisciplinary educational programme with traditional follow-up visits to a physician after breast cancer surgery in terms of well-being, aspects of self-care and coping ability 1 year after diagnosis. A reduction in the intensity of follow-up after breast cancer surgery is recommended. New follow-up models are being debated and could be of interest. The study design was non-randomised and comparative. Ninety-six consecutively selected women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, classified as stage I or stage II, participated in either a multidisciplinary educational programme (n = 5 0), or traditional follow-up by a physician (n = 4 6). Three questionnaires were used: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), a study specific questionnaire regarding self-care aspects (SCA) and Sense of Coherence (SOC). With the exception of physical well-being at baseline there was no significant difference between the groups. The women in the multidisciplinary educational programme increased their physical and functional well-being (P < 0.0 1). The women in traditional follow-up by a physician increased their functional well-being while social/family well-being (P < 0.0 1) decreased over time. There was a statistically significant difference in SOC (P < 0.0 0 1) in the traditional follow-up by a physician between baseline (mean=74.4, SD=12.4) and the 1-year follow up (mean=67.7, SD=11.4). Thus, women in the traditional follow-up by a physician scored lower in the area of SOC 1 year after diagnosis. A multidisciplinary educational programme may be an alternative to traditional follow-up by a physician after breast cancer surgery, but more research is needed about the financial benefits and effectiveness of such a programme.
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| 9. |
- Lindén, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Baseline verbal fluency performance as predictor of state anxiety during a live hand-grenade throwing exercise - A prospective study of Swedish military conscripts
- 2007
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Ingår i: Behavioral and Brain Functions. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1744-9081. ; 3:39, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We investigated whether individual differences in baseline executive control capacity could predict state anxiety during a potentially life-threatening situation. Methods: 19 Swedish military conscripts were assessed during two measurement occasions. During a baseline measurement, data regarding performance on a letter fluency task and state anxiety were assessed. During a second measurement, performed immediately prior to participation in a live hand-grenade throwing exercise, data regarding state anxiety was assessed. All participants were male, right-handed and had fulfilled 12 years of education. Results: The level of state anxiety was significantly increased between the two measurement occasions (p < .01). Both the number of words produced ( β = -.37; p < .05) and the number of perseveration made ( β = .43; p < .05) on the verbal fluency task predicted, while controlling for state anxiety at baseline, the level of experienced state anxiety during the threatening situation. Conclusion: Although more research is needed the present finding suggests that individualdifferences in executive control capacity might be related to emotion regulation ability during acute stressor exposure.
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| 10. |
- Mattsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Empirically derived psychosocial states among adolescents diagnosed with cancer during the acute and extended phase of survival
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 20:10, s. 1722-1727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients and methods: Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and two subscales, Vitality and Mental Health, in the SF-36 4-8 weeks (T1) (n = 61), 6 (T2) (n = 57), 12 (T3) (n = 50), and 18 (T4) months (n = 48) after diagnosis. I-State as Object of Analysis was used to identify a finite set of states based on three dimensions. Cluster analysis was carried out using Ward's method. Results: Five states were obtained: psychosocial dysfunction (state A) and poor (B), incomplete (C), good (D), and excellent (E) psychosocial function. At T1, more adolescents than expected by chance were in states A (P < 0.05) and C (P < 0.01) and fewer in states D (P < 0.05) and E (P < 0.001). At T4, more adolescents than expected by chance were in state E (P < 0.001) and fewer in state C (P < 0.05). Female gender and being in late adolescence when diagnosed is related to worse psychosocial function. Conclusion: The findings provide support for subgroups of adolescents whose level of vitality, mental health, and anxiety differ during the acute and extended phase of survival of cancer. Clinical interventions tailored to the level of impairment as determined by the clusters may result in better psychosocial outcomes.
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