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Sökning: LAR1:lu > (2010-2011) > Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan

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1.
  • Abat, E., et al. (författare)
  • Combined performance studies for electrons at the 2004 ATLAS combined test-beam
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 1748-0221. ; 5, s. P11006-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In 2004 at the ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) combined test beam, one slice of the ATLAS barrel detector (including an Inner Detector set-up and the Liquid Argon calorimeter) was exposed to particles from the H8 SPS beam line at CERN. It was the first occasion to test the combined electron performance of ATLAS. This paper presents results obtained for the momentum measurement p with the Inner Detector and for the performance of the electron measurement with the LAr calorimeter (energy E linearity and resolution) in the presence of a magnetic field in the Inner Detector for momenta ranging from 20 GeV/c to 100 GeV/c. Furthermore the particle identification capabilities of the Transition Radiation Tracker, Bremsstrahlungs-recovery algorithms relying on the LAr calorimeter and results obtained for the E/p ratio and a way how to extract scale parameters will be discussed.
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2.
  • Abdo, A. A., et al. (författare)
  • FERMI Large Area Telescope and multi-wavelength observations of the flaring activity of PKS 1510-089 between 2008 september and 2009 june
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 721:2, s. 1425-1447
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We report on the multi-wavelength observations of PKS 1510-089 (a flat spectrum radio quasar (FSRQ) at z = 0.361) during its high activity period between 2008 September and 2009 June. During this 11 month period, the source was characterized by a complex variability at optical, UV, and gamma-ray bands, on timescales down to 6-12 hr. The brightest gamma-ray isotropic luminosity, recorded on 2009 March 26, was similar or equal to 2 x 1048 erg s-1. The spectrum in the Fermi Large Area Telescope energy range shows a mild curvature described well by a log-parabolic law, and can be understood as due to the Klein-Nishina effect. The. -ray flux has a complex correlation with the other wavelengths. There is no correlation at all with the X-ray band, a weak correlation with the UV, and a significant correlation with the optical flux. The. -ray flux seems to lead the optical one by about 13 days. From the UV photometry, we estimated a black hole mass of similar or equal to 5.4 x 10(8)M(circle dot) and an accretion rate of similar or equal to 0.5M(circle dot) yr(-1). Although the power in the thermal and non-thermal outputs is smaller compared to the very luminous and distant FSRQs, PKS 1510-089 exhibits a quite large Compton dominance and a prominent big blue bump (BBB) as observed in the most powerful gamma-ray quasars. The BBB was still prominent during the historical maximum optical state in 2009 May, but the optical/ UV spectral index was softer than in the quiescent state. This seems to indicate that the BBB was not completely dominated by the synchrotron emission during the highest optical state. We model the broadband spectrum assuming a leptonic scenario in which the inverse Compton emission is dominated by the scattering of soft photons produced externally to the jet. The resulting model-dependent jet energetic content is compatible with a scenario in which the jet is powered by the accretion disk, with a total efficiency within the Kerr black hole limit.
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3.
  • Abdo, A. A., et al. (författare)
  • FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE FIRST SOURCE CATALOG
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 188:2, s. 405-436
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources detected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary science instrument on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), during the first 11 months of the science phase of the mission, which began on 2008 August 4. The First Fermi-LAT catalog (1FGL) contains 1451 sources detected and characterized in the 100 MeV to 100 GeV range. Source detection was based on the average flux over the 11 month period, and the threshold likelihood Test Statistic is 25, corresponding to a significance of just over 4 sigma. The 1FGL catalog includes source location regions, defined in terms of elliptical fits to the 95% confidence regions and power-law spectral fits as well as flux measurements in five energy bands for each source. In addition, monthly light curves are provided. Using a protocol defined before launch we have tested for several populations of gamma-ray sources among the sources in the catalog. For individual LAT-detected sources we provide firm identifications or plausible associations with sources in other astronomical catalogs. Identifications are based on correlated variability with counterparts at other wavelengths, or on spin or orbital periodicity. For the catalogs and association criteria that we have selected, 630 of the sources are unassociated. Care was taken to characterize the sensitivity of the results to the model of interstellar diffuse gamma-ray emission used to model the bright foreground, with the result that 161 sources at low Galactic latitudes and toward bright local interstellar clouds are flagged as having properties that are strongly dependent on the model or as potentially being due to incorrectly modeled structure in the Galactic diffuse emission.
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4.
  • Abdo, A. A., et al. (författare)
  • The spectral energy distribution of fermi bright blazars
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 716:1, s. 30-70
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have conducted a detailed investigation of the broadband spectral properties of the gamma-ray selected blazars of the Fermi LAT Bright AGN Sample (LBAS). By combining our accurately estimated Fermi gamma-ray spectra with Swift, radio, infra-red, optical, and other hard X-ray/gamma-ray data, collected within 3 months of the LBAS data taking period, we were able to assemble high-quality and quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions (SED) for 48 LBAS blazars. The SED of these gamma-ray sources is similar to that of blazars discovered at other wavelengths, clearly showing, in the usual log nu-log nu F-nu representation, the typical broadband spectral signatures normally attributed to a combination of low-energy synchrotron radiation followed by inverse Compton emission of one or more components. We have used these SED to characterize the peak intensity of both the low-and the high-energy components. The results have been used to derive empirical relationships that estimate the position of the two peaks from the broadband colors (i.e., the radio to optical, alpha(ro), and optical to X-ray, alpha(ox), spectral slopes) and from the gamma-ray spectral index. Our data show that the synchrotron peak frequency (nu(S)(peak)) is positioned between 10(12.5) and 10(14.5) Hz in broad-lined flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and between 10(13) and 10(17) Hz in featureless BL Lacertae objects. We find that the gamma-ray spectral slope is strongly correlated with the synchrotron peak energy and with the X-ray spectral index, as expected at first order in synchrotron-inverse Compton scenarios. However, simple homogeneous, one-zone, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models cannot explain most of our SED, especially in the case of FSRQs and low energy peaked (LBL) BL Lacs. More complex models involving external Compton radiation or multiple SSC components are required to reproduce the overall SED and the observed spectral variability. While more than 50% of known radio bright high energy peaked (HBL) BL Lacs are detected in the LBAS sample, only less than 13% of known bright FSRQs and LBL BL Lacs are included. This suggests that the latter sources, as a class, may be much fainter gamma-ray emitters than LBAS blazars, and could in fact radiate close to the expectations of simple SSC models. We categorized all our sources according to a new physical classification scheme based on the generally accepted paradigm for Active Galactic Nuclei and on the results of this SED study. Since the LAT detector is more sensitive to flat spectrum gamma-ray sources, the correlation between nu(S)(peak) and gamma-ray spectral index strongly favors the detection of high energy peaked blazars, thus explaining the Fermi overabundance of this type of sources compared to radio and EGRET samples. This selection effect is similar to that experienced in the soft X-ray band where HBL BL Lacs are the dominant type of blazars.
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5.
  • Accoto, Nadia, et al. (författare)
  • Bayesian Hidden Markov Models for Performance-Based Regulation of Continuity of Electricity Supply
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. - 0885-8977 .- 1937-4208. ; 25:3, s. 1236-1249
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A fundamental aspect in the regulation of the continuity of electricity supply is the identification of faults that could be caused by an exceptional event and, therefore, that are outside the utility control and responsibility. Different methods have been proposed during the years: the interpretation of the observed faults as a signal of an underlying system naturally leads to the analysis of the problem by means of a hidden Markov model. Thesemodels, in fact, are widely used for introducing dependence in data and/or for modeling observed phenomena depending on hidden processes. The application of this method shows that the model is able to identify exceptional events; moreover, the study of the estimated model parameters gives rise to reality-linked considerations.
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6.
  • Ackermann, M., et al. (författare)
  • Fermi observations of GRB 090510 : A short-hard gamma-ray burst with an additional, hard power-law component from 10 keV to GeV energies
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 716:2, s. 1178-1190
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present detailed observations of the bright short-hard gamma-ray burst GRB 090510 made with the Gammaray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi observatory. GRB 090510 is the first burst detected by the LAT that shows strong evidence for a deviation from a Band spectral fitting function during the prompt emission phase. The time-integrated spectrum is fit by the sum of a Band function with E-peak = 3.9 +/- 0.3 MeV, which is the highest yet measured, and a hard power-law component with photon index -1.62 +/- 0.03 that dominates the emission below approximate to 20 keV and above approximate to 100 MeV. The onset of the high-energy spectral component appears to be delayed by similar to 0.1 s with respect to the onset of a component well fit with a single Band function. A faint GBM pulse and a LAT photon are detected 0.5 s before the main pulse. During the prompt phase, the LAT detected a photon with energy 30.5(-2.6)(+5.8) GeV, the highest ever measured from a short GRB. Observation of this photon sets a minimum bulk outflow Lorentz factor, Gamma greater than or similar to 1200, using simple.. opacity arguments for this GRB at redshift z = 0.903 and a variability timescale on the order of tens of ms for the approximate to 100 keV-few MeV flux. Stricter high confidence estimates imply Gamma greater than or similar to 1000 and still require that the outflows powering short GRBs are at least as highly relativistic as those of long-duration GRBs. Implications of the temporal behavior and power-law shape of the additional component on synchrotron/synchrotron self-Compton, external-shock synchrotron, and hadronic models are considered.
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7.
  • Ahola-Tuomi, M., et al. (författare)
  • Properties of self-assembled Bi nanolines on InAs(100) studied by core-level and valence-band photoemission, and first-principles calculations
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 83:24, s. 245401-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have studied self-assembled bismuth (Bi) nanolines on the Bi-terminated InAs(100) surface by core-level and valence-band photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio first-principles calculations. A structural model for this intriguing surface is suggested based on the comparison of the measured and calculated core-level shifts. Also, the atomic origins for the core-level shifts are proposed based on the calculations. A clear peak related to this surface was observed in the valence band 0.34 eV below the Fermi level, which can be used as a "fingerprint" of a well-ordered Bi/InAs(100) nanoline surface.
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8.
  • Alayon Glazunov, Andres, et al. (författare)
  • On the Physical Limitations of the Interaction of a Spherical Aperture and a Random Field
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. - : IEEE. - 0018-926X .- 1558-2221. ; 59:1, s. 119-128
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This paper derives physical limitations on the interactions of antennas exciting TM or TE modes (but not both) and wireless propagation channels. The derivation is based on the spherical vector wave expansion of the electromagnetic field outside a sphere circumscribing the antennas. The result is an extension of the seminal work of Chu on the classical limitations on maximum antenna gain and radiation Q. Rather than maximizing antenna gain in a single direction we obtain physical limitations on the antenna gain pattern, which is directly translated to more condensed parameters, i.e., the instantaneous effective gain G(i) and the mean effective gain G(e) if instantaneous realizations or correlation statistics of the expansion coefficients of the electromagnetic field are known, spectively. The obtained limitations are on the maximum of G(i)/Q and G(e)/Q, which establish a trade-off between link gain and Q.
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9.
  • Alayon Glazunov, Andres, et al. (författare)
  • Physical modelling of multiple-input multiple-output antennas and channels by means of the spherical vector wave expansion
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8725. ; 4:6, s. 778-791
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    •  The authors propose a new physically motivated model that allows the study of the interaction between the antennas and the propagation channel for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The key tools employed in the model are the expansion coefficients of the electromagnetic field in spherical vector waves and the scattering matrix representation of the properties of the antenna. The authors derive the expansion of the MIMO channel matrix, H, in spherical vector wave modes of the electromagnetic field of the antennas as well as the propagation channel. The authors also introduce the channel scattering dyadic, C, with a corresponding correlation model for co-polarised and cross-polarised elements and introduce the concept of mode-to-mode channel mapping, the M-matrix, between the receive and transmit antenna modes. The M-matrix maps the modes excited by the transmitting antenna to the modes exciting the receive antennas and vice versa. The covariance statistics of this M-matrix are expressed as a function of the double-directional power-angular spectrum (PAS) of co-polarised and cross-polarised components of the electromagnetic field. Their approach aims at gaining insights into the physics governing the interaction between antennas and channels and it is useful for studying the performance of different antenna designs in a specified propagation channel as well as for modelling the propagation channel. It can furthermore be used to quantify the optimal properties of antennas in a given propagation channel. The authors illustrate the developed methodology by analysing the interaction of a 2 x 2 system of slant polarised half-wavelength dipole antennas with some basic propagation channel models.
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10.
  • Ameur, Yacin, et al. (författare)
  • Berezin Transform in Polynomial Bergman Spaces
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics. - : Wiley. - 0010-3640 .- 1097-0312. ; 63:12, s. 1533-1584
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Fix a smooth weight function Q in the plane, subject to a growth condition from below Let K-m,K-n denote the reproducing kernel for the Hilbert space of analytic polynomials of degree at most n - 1 of finite L-2-norm with respect to the measure e-(mQ) dA Here dA is normalized area measure, and m is a positive real scaling parameter The (polynomial) Berezin measure dB(m,n)(< z0 >) (z) = K-m,K-n(z(0).z(0))(-1) vertical bar K-m,K-n(z.z(0))vertical bar(2)e(-mQ(z)) dA(z) for the point z(0) is a probability measure that defines the (polynomial) Berezin transform B-m,B-n f(z(0)) = integral(C) f dB(m,n)(< z0 >) for continuous f is an element of L-infinity (C). We analyze the semiclassical limit of the Berezin measure (and transform) as m -> +infinity while n = m tau + o(1), where tau is fixed, positive, and real We find that the Berezin measure for z(0) converges weak-star to the unit point mass at the point z(0) provided that Delta Q(z(0)) > 0 and that z(0) is contained in the interior of a compact set f(tau). defined as the coincidence set for an obstacle problem. As a refinement, we show that the appropriate local blowup of the Berezin measure converges to the standardized Gaussian measure in the plane For points z(0) is an element of C\f(tau), the Berezin measure cannot converge to the point mass at z(0) In the model case Q(z) = vertical bar z vertical bar(2), when f(tau) is a closed disk, we find that the Berezin measure instead converges to harmonic measure at z(0) relative to C\f(tau) Our results have applications to the study of the cigenvalues of random normal matrices The auxiliary results include weighted L-2-estimates for the equation partial derivative u = f when f is a suitable test function and the solution u is restricted by a polynomial growth bound at infinity.
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