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- Arman, Rebecka, et al.
(författare)
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Work activities and stress among managers in health care
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: The Work of Managers. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780199639724
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter reports on the work activities, time-use patterns, and stress patterns of ten health care managers in Sweden. The qualitative and quantitative evidence reveals the fragmentation in their nine-hour working days where each activity, on average, lasts only ten minutes. The time-use patterns vary individually though some patterns are related to position and unit type. Activities deal with the coexisting and competing logics of employeeship, administration, and strategy and risk handling. None of the managers’ approaches for handling the multiple legitimation processes and delimiting their workload boundaries really challenges the complexity of the coexistence of the multiple logics or the boundlessness of their working hours. Using biophysical measures, the research finds that stress reported by the managers is caused by (a) interruptions during challenging tasks and (b) personal situations such as private dilemmas and conflict-loaded or ineffective meetings. It is important to acknowledge managers’ fragmented working situation and to recognize that management should be seen as collective process, or as part of an administrative system.
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| 2. |
- Bellman, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Boende för äldre: En studie av 10 kommuner
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Andelen äldre personer i det svenska samhället ökar. I Sverige finns boendeformer som på olika sätt är anpassade efter äldres behov. Hur utbudet av dessa för äldre individer anpassade boendeformer ser ut och vilken information kommuner ger till äldre kan ses som viktiga för att förstå om äldre väljer att bo kvar eller flytta. I denna rapport kartläggs hur nuvarande utbud av de tre boendeformerna vård- och omsorgsboende, trygghetsbostäder och seniorbostäder ser ut på bostadsmarknaden vad gäller den äldre befolkningen i tio utvalda kommuner. I rapporten ligger tonvikten på kommunala företrädares uppfattningar och på kommunernas planer. För att få en större förståelse görs jämförelser med siffror från samtliga kommuner hämtade från Boverkets Bostadsmarknadsenkät (2014). Denna rapport är den första delen av en större studie som syftar till att undersöka push- och pullfaktorer som påverkar äldres val av boende. Av kartläggningen framgår att bostadsutbudet i de olika kommunerna skiljer sig åt, där vissa har bostadsöverskott medan andra har bostadsunderskott men där majoriteten av kommunerna erbjuder de tre olika boendeformerna. I storstadsregionen och i de större städerna finns ett utbud av samtliga tre boendeformer medan flera av glesbygdskommunerna saknar trygghetsbostäder. Rådgivning i de flesta kommuner är reaktiv snarare än proaktiv. I rapporten väcks frågan om hur vi ska se på boendet för de äldsta.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Björklund, Glenn, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Låt underlaget bestämma löpsteget
- 2014
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - 1103-4629. ; :4, s. 8-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic Radio Resource Management Schemes for Interactive Services in DVB-T and DAB
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Radiovetenskap och kommunikation. - Karlskrona : Högskolan i Karlskrona/Ronneby. - 9163081563
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this paper is dynamic schemes for downlink packet radio resource management. The results can be applied to personal communication services in the terrestrial digital video and audio broadcasting systems (DVB-T and DAB). Dynamic single frequency networks (DSFN) are investigated, meaning that the macro diversity capability of the COFDM modulation scheme is utilised for cellular communication. The concept of PARPS (Packet and Resource Plan Scheduling) is introduced. PARPS reduces the combined problem of dynamic radio resource management, including DSFN, dynamic channel allocation, power control, link adaptation, etc, to a scheduling problem. We propose several optimised and heuristic PARPS schemes. Our results show that some of the heuristic schemes have near-optimal delay performance. We also have results indicating that the capacity of the PARPS schemes for 2D Poisson traffic can be evaluated with static analyses, i.e. without simulation of a queuing system.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Concepts of PARPS : Packet and Resource Plan Scheduling
- 1999
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Ingår i: Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications (MMT '99), Venice, Italy, October 6-8, 1999.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dynamic schemes for downlink packet radio resource management (RRM) are the topic of this paper. The concept of PARPS (Packet And Resource Plan Scheduling) is introduced. PARPS reduces the combined proble m of dynamic RRM, including statistical multiplex, dynamic channel allocation, power control, link adaptation, reuse partitioning, soft handover, admission control, etc, to a scheduling problem. PARPS makes it possible to achieve dynamic RRM individually for each data packet, without performing signal-to-interference ratio calculations for every single packet. A PARPS algorithm assigns a so-called resource plan to each timeslot, and assigns data packets to timeslots and transmitters. A resource plan is a combination of several radio parameters, e.g. transmitter power levels, coding rates and modulation schemes, for a group of centrally controlled and synchronised transmitters. We propose several optimised and heuristic PARPS algorithms. Optimised PARPS is NP hard, i.e. it is not realistic to solve in real time for a big system, but it can be used for finding an upper bound for the compound effect of several RRM techniques by means of computer simulations. The heuristic algorithms are realistic to implement in real systems. Our results show that some of the heuristic algorithms have delay performance very near an optimised algorithm, and that the capacity and coverage of a set of resource plans for 2D Poisson traffic can be evaluated with static analyses, i.e. without queuing system simulation. We apply PARPS to cellular systems based on the COFDM modulation scheme. Especially, we have personal communication services in the MEMO system in mind, where the terrestrial digital audio or video broadcasting system (DAB or DVB-T) is used as a broadband downlink, in combination with some narrowband uplink, e.g. GSM.
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| 9. |
- Forsgren, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Objective End-to-End QoS Gain from Packet Prioritization and Layering in MPEG-2 Streaming
- 2002
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Ingår i: International Packetvideo workshop 2002.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Layered video coding as well as prioritized packet scheduling are two well-known methods that may improve the quality of service level in real-time applications with high bandwidth requirements, and are used over packet switched networks. However, it is often difficult to get an idea of, and to quantify, the actual gains that may be achievable, especially from an end-to-end perspective.In this paper, we present some experimental results from using temporally layered MPEG-2 video combined with basic per-layer IP packet prioritization. The goal has been to find out if a basic scheme is useful at all in combination with this particular source coding method, and if so, how much the objective video quality can be increased during bandwidth-constrained periods. The quality is measured in terms of PSNR and the results are compared to the case of equal packet priority. Also, different packet sizes as well as packet queuing disciplines are used. We conclude that using even a relatively simple temporal layering strategy in combination with packet prioritization can quite significantly improve the end-to-end quality of MPEG-2 video, especially in moderately bandwidth constrained situations. Furthermore, packet size and queuing discipline is found to have an impact.
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| 10. |
- Gärdlund, Linda, 1977-
(författare)
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Polyelectrolyte Complexes : Their Characterization and use for Modification of Wood Fibre Surfaces
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- For economical reasons filler particles and less expensive fibre raw materials are more frequently used in papermaking. This influences the mechanical properties of the formed papers in a negative way and it is therefore necessary to add strength-enhancing agents to the papermaking furnish. Traditionally cationic starch has been the dominating additive used for strength enhancement but new techniques are continuously being developed and in the present work the use of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) for improvements of different paper strength properties has been evaluated. Large focus has also been given to evaluating the properties of the polyelectrolyte complexes since these properties are largely dependant on molecular mass of the polyelectrolytes, the mixing conditions and ionic strength of the polyelectrolyte solutions. The PEC formation was studied between chemicals already used for strength enhancing purposes in real papermaking systems, i.e. poly (amido-amine) epichlorohydrin (PAE) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The PEC formation was studied with respect to fundamental characteristics and the ability for use as strength additives. The PEC formation was also studied using model polyelectrolytes (PEL) poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), as the cationic component, and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA), as the anionic components. The fundamental studies involve the PEC formation by varying the mixing ratio between the polyelectrolytes, the charge density or molecular weight of a component, structure of the one polyelectrolyte component, the mixing order, together with solution conditions. The main techniques used for these purposes were the static and dynamic light scattering, AFM tapping mode and Cryo-TEM. The adsorption of PECs onto surfaces of silica and lignin was investigated, using the stagnation point adsorption reflectometry (SPAR) and QCM-D (quartz crystal microgravimetry with dissipation). With these two techniques the amount of adsorbed chemical is obtained an also the viscoelastic properties of the adsorbed layer. The stability of PECs towards an increase in salt concentrations was investigated and the PECs were stable up to 0.2-0.4 M NaCl before complete dissolution, suggesting that the driving force for the formation of the PECs (from CMC-PAE) is a combination of the entropic effect of the released counterions and an enthalpy contribution from the interaction between the polymer segments. The PECs did not change their 3D-structure upon drying. It was also found that the swollen 3D structure of the complexes is achieved by an incorporation of a large amount of water into the complexes. Calculations based on the collected results show that the complexes consist of between 60 % and 95 % water. The PECs formed from PAA and PAH displayed higher water content when formed from low PEL concentration and salt concentrations up to 0.1 M NaCl than the PMAA-PAH PECs. At high PEL concentration and high salt concentration the opposite was observed. The use of the complexes as dry strength additives has two large benefits. First of all the 3D structure of the complexes allows for an efficient bridging between the microscopically rough fibre surfaces. Secondly the complexes allows for a higher saturation adsorption of polyelectrolytes on the fibre surface compared with a single polyelectrolyte addition. The PEC addition also leads to an increase in density, but the PECs showed the same benefits as beating when added to the unbeaten fibres. The effect on the fibre material, with regard to paper properties, varies depending on the pulp used.
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