| 1. |
- Aronsson, K. Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects on growth, photosynthesis and pigments of the freshwater moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw. after exposure to wood ash solution
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 372:1, s. 236-246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of wood ash from biofuel sources to the forest has been suggested as a source of nutrients for trees and for restoration of acidified soils and surface waters. Studies on the effects of wood ash on aquatic organisms and ecosystems are, however, few. This study investigated the effects of wood ash (0.1 - 10 g l-1) on the freshwater moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw., which has previously been shown to be a sensitive test organism for assessing environmental pollution. After nine weeks of treatment with wood ash, a significant effect of enhanced stem growth was observed at the higher concentrations (1 � 10 g l-1). The concentration of wood ash was also correlated to the growth of secondary branches. Photosynthesis (oxygen evolution after 4 h of exposure to wood ash) was significantly lower in the alkaline treatments (no pH adjustment) compared to the treatments with neutral wood ash solutions (pH adjusted to 7.5). Furthermore, photosynthesis in the alkaline wood ash treatments was significantly lower compared to the control. The ratio between the optical density value before and after acidification (OD665/665a) was higher for all wood ash concentrations compared to the control. The OD665/665a values ranged from 1.52 to 1.61 and there was a difference, however not significant, between the alkaline and the neutral treatment at 10 g l-1 wood ash. This study clearly demonstrated that wood ash may be beneficial for F. antipyretica at moderate concentrations (0.5 - 5 g l-1), particularly when sudden increase in pH is avoided.
|
|
| 2. |
- Aronsson, K. Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects on Motile Factors and Cell Growth of Euglena gracilis After Exposure to Wood Ash Solution : Assessment of Toxicity, Nutrient Availability and pH-Dependency
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 162:1-4, s. 353-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood ash application (WAA) to the forest has been suggested as a resource of nutrients for trees and for restoration of acidified soils and surface waters. However, studies of the effects of WAA on aquatic systems are few. This study investigated the effects of wood ash (1-25 g L-1) on the unicellular flagellate Euglena gracilis, which has been proved to be a sensitive test organism for assessing environmental change. Long-term (7 days) growth studies and short-term (direct, 24 and 48 h) studies of different motile factors, using the automatic biological test system Ecotox, were conducted. The results show no indication of biotoxic effects due to wood ash (adjusted to neutral) treatments. However, when no adjustments of pH in wood ash solutions were made, inhibitory effects on motile factors and cell growth were observed at higher concentrations of wood ash (10-25 g L-1) due to high pH (> 8). In tests with pH adjusted to neutral, enhanced motility was observed. These results indicate that high concentration of WAA could affect freshwater environments.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aronsson, K. Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Limnological effects on a first order stream after Wood Ash Application to a boreal forest catchment in Bispgården, Sweden
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 255:1, s. 245-253
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden, whole tree harvest is common practice, possibly leading to the depletion of mineral nutrients. Furthermore, the increased use of forestry residues for heat production has caused an increasingly growing amount of by-product consisting of wood ash. Therefore, the Swedish Forest Agency has recommended wood ash application (WAA) to replace the mineral nutrients removed by whole tree harvesting, as well as a means to mitigate the acidification of boreal forests and surface waters. In a multidisciplinary study during 2003-2006 in Bispgarden (Sweden), we have investigated the limnological effects on a first order stream after WAA (conducted in 2004; 3000 kg ha-1) to a 50-ha forested catchment. In general, no significant effects on an annual basis were found for acidification parameters, such as pH, alkalinity and toxic forms of aluminum (Al). There was, however, evidence of an increased pH during the spring flood, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the frequency of low pH-values (<5.6). Moreover, alkalinity increased in the years 2005 and 2006 compared to that of 2003, although the increase in 2006 was not statistically different from that in 2005 or 2003. High concentrations of Al repeatedly occurred in the stream, and the WAA did not affect the frequencies of high concentrations of toxic Al forms (>50 μg 1-1). The benthic diatom community did not change as a result of the wood ash treatment and the diatom-based index IPS (Indice de PulluoSensibilité) indicated no nutrient enrichment or organic pollution of the stream water. There were, however, indices of elevated concentrations of potassium (K) in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica and in leaves from Alder (Alnus incana). We conclude that wood ash treatment of a forested catchment with the dose and form of ash applied in this study did not modify the freshwater ecosystem of a first order stream.
|
|
| 4. |
- Aronsson, K. Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Respiration measurements can assess the fitness of Gammarus pulex (L.) after exposure to different contaminants : experiments with wood ash, cadmium and aluminum
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Archiv für Hydrobiologie. - : Schweizerbart. - 0003-9136. ; 164:4, s. 479-491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wood ash application has been suggested as a means to mitigate acidification of surface waters. However little is known about the effects of wood ash to freshwater organisms. A Clark-type oxygen electrode was used to investigate the effects of wood ash, cadmium and aluminum on the respiration of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.). Harmful effects following wood ash addition were primarily found to be explained by elevated pH. At high concentrations (> 1 g/l) of wood ash the respiration of G. pulex decreased when no adjustment of pH was made, a response that was negatively correlated to the elevated pH (r = -0.43). An ion-related response was also detected in the pH-adjusted (pH 7) tests, although it was not statistically significant. Cadmium proved to be sublethal in the range of 0.2-0.4mg/l in a 24-h exposure. Mortality was 100% at 0.5 and 1.0mg Cd/l. No effects were detected after exposure to Al, due to the high pH (pH 7-8) of the solutions and the subsequently low concentrations of labile monomeric Al. We demonstrate that the method described in this paper could be a useful probe for the detection of sublethal concentrations of contaminants in freshwater ecosystems.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bejerholm, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
-
Individual Placement and Support for persons with alcohol and drug addiction in a Swedish context (IPS-ADAS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Trials. - : Springer Nature. - 1745-6215. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Employment is a vital source for experiencing well-being and lowering the risk of long-term social marginalisation and poverty. For persons with alcohol and drug addiction, it may also improve sobriety. However, the unemployment situation for this group reflects the knowledge gap in effective interventions to support employment. While Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is recognised as evidence-based supported employment for those with serious mental health problems, no scientific evidence for the target group of addiction exists to date. The aim of the present IPS for Alcohol and Drug Addiction in Sweden (IPS-ADAS) trial is to study whether IPS has an effect on gaining employment for this group. Methods: The IPS-ADAS trial is a multisite, pragmatic, parallel, and single-blinded, superiority randomised controlled trial (RCT). Participants (N = 330) will be randomly assigned (1:1) and participate in IPS plus treatment as usual within Addiction Services (IPS + TAU) or Traditional Vocational Rehabilitation (TVR) available plus TAU (TVR + TAU) for 12 months. The principle of intention-to-treat (ITT) will be applied. The hypothesis is that a significantly larger proportion of IPS + TAU participants will be employed for > 1 day (primary outcome), reach employment sooner, work more hours and longer periods of time, and have a higher income as compared to TVR + TAU participants at 18-month follow-up. We further anticipate that those who benefit from IPS + TAU will use less alcohol and drugs, experience better health, and use less care and support, including support from the justice system, in comparison to TVR + TAU participants, at 6, 12, and 18 months. A supplementary process evaluation, using the IPS Fidelity Scale (25 items) and adhered interviews will address delivery and receipt of the IPS as well as contextual hinders and barriers for coproduction and implementation. Working age (18–65), willingness to work, unemployment, participation in an information meeting about the RCT, treatment for addiction diagnosis, and being financially supported by welfare, constitute eligible criteria. Discussion: A primary study on the effectiveness of IPS on employment for the new target group of addictions will add to the international IPS knowledge base and inform national policy to include the underrepresented group in working life. Trial registration: WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ISRCTN10492363. Registered on 14 August 2023.
|
|
| 6. |
- Billmayer, Jakob
(författare)
-
Different Types of Order in Swedish and German Classrooms
- 2014
-
Ingår i: WERA Focal Meeting, Edinburgh, 2014-11-20.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to examine which different kinds of classroom order there can be found in different countries. Schooling on the one hand is a global phenomenon and the classroom is usually seen as an integrated part of it. School systems on the other hand are nationally different. Therefore it is interesting to investigate whether, and to what extent, differences can be found in the classroom orders in different countries or if they are similar.The concept of disciplinary order formulated in Michel Foucault's book "Discipline and Punish" is the main theoretical framework of this study. Based on this concept an ideal type of "disciplinary classroom order" is formulated. This ideal type is the analytical starting point for describing different types of classroom order.The study is based on participant classroom observations, following German upper secondary school teachers and Swedish compulsory school teachers during their work week and in their classrooms.In the German examples, the classroom is the centre for teaching and learning activities at school; teachers and pupils are exclusively inside the classroom where the activities take place. The German classrooms are quite closed and the pupils are mainly static on their places whereas there is much movement in and out of the classroom as well as inside the classroom in the Swedish examples. This means that there are at least two different types of disciplinary classroom order to be found in the Swedish examples whereas only one in the German.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Billmayer, Jakob
(författare)
-
Film in the Teacher Education Classroom : Theoretical Basis and Areas of Application
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One difficulty that teachers in teacher education are faced with is the relative distance between the place of teaching, the teacher education classroom, and the subject taught, being a teacher in a classroom. The question is therefore how to involve experiences of teaching into the teacher education classroom in a way that is both practical inside the given frames and worthwhile for all participants, both students who already have experiences of teaching and those who do not.Films and other mass media productions can be sources for such (vicarious) experiences, which can bring pictures of practice to the theoretical teacher education classroom with relatively small effort.This paper will start at that point and address two issues: 1) a theoretical framework to examine the knowledge theoretical premises and possibilities of using mass media productions in educational purpose. This theoretical framework is based on the works of Alfred Schütz about ideal types as concept for social understanding and Niklas Luhmann's thoughts on mass media's role in society. 2) The paper will show which aspects of being a teacher and teaching are especially suitable to discuss using films. Using some examples, the paper will point out which themes that are usually addressed in films and why and how they can be adapted for educational purposes.
|
|
| 9. |
- Billmayer, Jakob, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Good and evil teachers : teaching and leading in the movie Hets
- 2013
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers' profession can be said to consist of at least two aspects, teaching and leading. Teaching summarizes subject matters and didactic knowledge, leading is the social part of teachers' work, for example arranging a learning environment, rules, discipline and teacher-pupil-interaction. Teachers are, of course, the formal leaders, managers, in schools and classrooms. They are put in this position by formal law and social customary. At the same time, teachers do have a choice how they exercise their part as a leader depending on personal preferences, their own education and, again, legal and social boundaries.. What is considered as good respectively bad leadership for a teacher is changeable.Teachers and schools are a common theme for film and television. The dramatic focus lies on the social aspects of school and classroom life, the relation between teachers and pupils for example, subject matters are rarely depicted. This means teachers are mainly portrayed in their role as leaders.Mass media, such as television and films, give direction to discourses in society. Analyzing them can give a clue to what matters concern at a certain time period and in a certain society. In Sweden the film Torment (Hets) written by Ingmar Bergman in 1944 has been influencing public discourse about school and teaching since then.In this paper we are going to analyze how teachers' leadership is depicted in this film. Using directed material as empirical data allows us to ask “Who is the good teacher and who is the bad – or evil – teacher?”In our discussion we will look at how the formal manager role that teachers get by law and social customary leaves space for different kinds of teachers' leadership. Will bigger juridical authority for teachers prevent evil teaching, or is the opposite more plausible? But even common ideas of morality will have to be considered and discussed; why is a certain type of leader connected with the role of the good hero and the other one is the evil villain? Is this the only way the different styles of leadership can be looked at?
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
