| 1. |
- Ahlberg, Joakim, 1966-
(författare)
-
Multi-unit common value auctions : theory and experiments
- 2012
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research on auctions that involve more than one identical item for sale was,almost non-existing in the 90’s, but has since then been getting increasing attention. External incentives for this research have come from the US spectrum, sales, the European 3G mobile-phone auctions, and Internet auctions. The policy relevance and the huge amount of money involved in many of them have helped the theory and experimental research advance. But in auctions where values are equal across bidders, common value auctions, that is, when the value depends on some outside parameter, equal to all bidders, the research is still embryonic.This thesis contributes to the topic with three studies. The first uses a Bayesian game to model a simple multi-unit common value auction, the task being to compare equilibrium strategies and the seller’s revenue from three auction formats; the discriminatory, the uniform and the Vickrey auction. The second study conducts an economic laboratory experiment on basis of the first study. The third study comprises an experiment on the multi-unit common value uniform auction and compares the dynamic and the static environments of this format.The most salient result in both experiments is that subjects overbid. They are victims of the winner’s curse and bid above the expected value, thus earning a negative profit. There is some learning, but most bidders continue to earn a negative profit also in later rounds. The competitive effect when participating in an auction seems to be stronger than the rationality concerns. In the first experiment, subjects in the Vickrey auction do somewhat better in small groups than subjects in the other auction types and, in the second experiment, subjects in the dynamic auction format perform much better than subjects in the static auction format; but still, they overbid.Due to this overbidding, the theoretical (but not the behavioral) prediction that the dynamic auction should render more revenue than the static fails inthe second experiment. Nonetheless, the higher revenue of the static auction comes at a cost; half of the auctions yield negative profits to the bidders, and the winner’s curse is more severely widespread in this format. Besides, only a minority of the bidders use the equilibrium bidding strategy.The bottom line is that the choice between the open and sealed-bid formats may be more important than the choice of price mechanism, especially in common value settings.
|
|
| 2. |
- Allard, Alexandra, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
-
The N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve : an empirical evaluation using a panel quantile regression approach
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - Heidelberg : Springer Verlag. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 25:6, s. 5848-5861
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) using panel quantile regression analysis. We investigate the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita for 74 countries over the period of 1994–2012. We include additional explanatory variables, such as renewable energy consumption, technological development, trade, and institutional quality. We find evidence for the N-shaped EKC in all income groups, except for the upper-middle-income countries. Heterogeneous characteristics are, however, observed over the N-shaped EKC. Finally, we find a negative relationship between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions, which highlights the importance of promoting greener energy in order to combat global warming.
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic Analysis and Investment Priorities in Sweden's Transport Sector
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2194-5888 .- 2152-2812. ; 9:1, s. 120-146
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Beginning as a planning tool within Sweden's national road administration some 50 years ago, benefit-cost analysis (BCA) has come to be a pillar of the national transport policy because of subsequent strategic choices made by the national parliament. These choices made it necessary to widen the analysis of costs to include also externalities and a foregone conclusion was that efficient investment priorities should be made based on BCA. But no one asked whether the political decision makers or the BCA models were up to that task. This paper reviews the institutional framework and practice of BCA in Sweden for transport infrastructure investment, and considers design issues that have been and still are debated, such as whether the discount rate should include a risk term and how to account for the marginal cost of public funds. A main concern with BCA results is the underestimation of construction costs, making transport sector projects look better than they are. Several ex post analyses have established that a higher NPV ratio increases the probability of being included in the investment program proposal prepared by the agency. The requirement to let projects undergo BCA seems to make planners trim project proposals by trying to reduce investment costs without significantly reducing benefits. This relationship is weaker among profitable projects. Moreover, there is no correlation between rate of return and the probability of being included in the final program, which is established on political grounds.
|
|
| 4. |
- Asplund, Disa, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does uncertainty make cost-benefit analyses pointless?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Transportation Research Part A. - Stockholm : Elsevier BV. - 0965-8564 .- 1879-2375. ; 92, s. 195-205
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is widely used in public decision making on infrastructure investments. However, the demand forecasts, cost estimates, benefit valuations and effect assessments that are conducted as part of CBAs are all subject to various degrees of uncertainty. The question is to what extent CBAs, given such uncertainties, are still useful as a way to prioritize between infrastructure investments, or put differently, how robust the policy conclusions of CBA are with respect to uncertainties. Using simulations based on real data on national infrastructure plans in Sweden and Norway, we study how investment selection and total realized benefits change when decisions are based on CBA assessments subject to several different types of uncertainty.Our results indicate that realized benefits and investment selection are surprisingly insensitive to all studied types of uncertainty, even for high levels of uncertainty. The two types of uncertainty that affect results the most are uncertainties about investment cost and transport demand. Provided that decisions are based on CBA outcomes, reducing uncertainty is still worthwhile, however, because of the huge sums at stake. Even moderate reductions of uncertainties about unit values, investment costs, future demand and project effects may increase the realized benefits infrastructure investment plans by tens or hundreds of million euros. We conclude that, despite the many types of uncertainties, CBA is able to fairly consistently separate the wheat from the chaff and hence contribute to substantially improved infrastructure decisions.
|
|
| 5. |
- Balkmar, Dag, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Contested mobilities : politics, strategies and visions in Swedish bicycle activism
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Applied mobilities. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2380-0127 .- 2380-0135. ; 2:2, s. 151-165
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cycling is currently the focus of considerable political and public attention in many urban areas. As more and more cyclists claim space on the roads, new forms of political engagement in cycling issues beyond traditional bicycle advocacy have also emerged. Beyond focusing on cyclists’ perspectives and rights, these expressions of bicycle activism show the ways in which bicycles – as potential vehicles for sociopolitical change – are contested political and cultural symbols. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyse the ways in which bicycle activists and advocates in Sweden construct their politics and practices. Empirically the paper addresses three expressions of contemporary bicycling activism and advocacy: the well-established Swedish national cycling advocacy organization Cykelfrämjandet (Cycling Sweden), the ad-hoc Ghost Bike Sweden, and the online-based Bike Maffia-initiative. The empirical material of the paper consists of qualitative interviews with the leading representatives from each organization or initiative, as well as written and video materials. As arenas for cultural politics, the organizations or initiatives are diverse, exemplifying highly different views concerning conflicts in urban space, strategies for addressing these conflicts, and views of cyclists as subjects of bicycle politics. The paper addresses these issues in a specific Swedish context, also exploring the implications for understanding how political activism is shaped more generally. It is argued that bicycle activism can be viewed as a way of practising cycling citizenship, a perspective that provides a conceptual linkage between new social movement theory and activism more generally.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bergström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Modeling passenger train delay distributions : evidence and implications
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper addresses the lack of reliability within the Swedish rail network by identifying passenger train delay distributions. Arrival delays are analyzed in detail using data provided by the Swedish Transport Administration, covering all train departures and arrivals during 2008 and 2009. The paper identifies vulnerabilities by size, space and time in the network.Our results show that the delay distribution seems to be plagued by low probability high impact events. A major share of all delay time is associated with the tail of the delay distribution, indicating that extreme delays cannot be neglected when prioritizing between measures improving rail infrastructure. Delays are not only concentrated in size, but also concentrated in space and time and seem to follow a precise power law with respect to days and an exponential distribution with regard to stations. Moreover, we also examine the link between capacity usage and expected delay over different time scales.
|
|
| 7. |
- Bratt Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Jättestor nytta, men ännu större kostnad
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - : Dagens Nyhter AB. - 1101-2447.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 8. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Stoppa Ostlänken nu!
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Dagens Industri. - : Dagens industri AB. - 0346-640X .- 1402-4209. ; :3 augusti
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 9. |
- Carlén, Björn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel : underlagsrapporter 1-10
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VTI notat 28-2014 innehåller de tio underlagsrapporter som ligger till grund för VTI rapport 831: ”Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel – Sammanfattande rapport”. I VTI rapport 831 diskuterar forskarna flera dimensioner av hur växthusgaserna från godstransportsektorn ska kunna minskas, till exempel med hjälp av så kallade Gröna korridorer. Vidare diskuteras hur man ska se på de klimatpolitiska konsekvenserna av överflyttning från väg till järnväg eller elektrifierade fordon på väg.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forsstedt, Sara
(författare)
-
Asymmetric information on risky behaviour : Evidence from the automobile insurance market
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Geneva papers on risk and insurance. Issues and practice. - : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1018-5895 .- 1468-0440. ; 39, s. 104-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines the Swedish automobile insurance market by accounting for policyholders' private information on risky behaviour in terms of major and minor traffic violations. Two approaches are used: A positive correlation test and a test where private information is used explicitly. The results show that there is a positive correlation, which is not affected when including private information in the regression, that policyholders with private information on risky behaviour are less likely to purchase full coverage, and that speeders follow a varying pattern. The conclusion is that it is favourable to use private information explicitly when asymmetric information is considered, rather than base the conclusion solely on the correlation test.
|
|
