| 1. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Dietary Starch Inclusion Rate on Digestibility and Amylase Activity in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2155-9546. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated digestibility and amylase activity in Arctic charr and Eurasian perch fed different dietary levels of wheat starch. Eurasian perch (190 ± 0.5 g) and Arctic charr (102 ± 0.5 g) were fed one of six iso-nitrogenous diets containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% wheat starch. Each diet was fed to four replicate groups of fish to determine the impact of diet on the apparent digestibility (AD) of dry matter (DM), crude protein, starch, crude fat and energy. At the end of the experiment, tissue samples were collected for assessment of amylase activity in the proximal and distal intestine. The AD of DM, crude protein, starch, crude fat and energy differed between fish species (P<0.001), with on average higher values for all parameters in Eurasian perch than in Arctic charr. Within fish species, there was no effect (P>0.05) of dietary starch level on the AD of DM, crude protein, crude fat and energy. Overall, α-amylase activity correlated with the trends obtained for starch digestibility. The inclusion of wheat starch did not affect amylase activity within species.
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| 2. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of chitinolytic activities and membrane integrity in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed fish meal and zygomycete biomass.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-4959 .- 1879-1107. ; 175, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chitinolytic activity, nutrient uptake and intestinal barrier functions were investigated in gut tissues of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed iso-nitrogenous diets based on fish meal, with or without inclusion of zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae). We found that gut tissue of Arctic charr had significant chitinase activity, of both endo- and exo-chitinase iso-forms. Moreover, the distribution pattern along the GI tract of Arctic charr differed between endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase. The endo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue and in the distal intestine was several hundred-fold higher than the exo-chitinase activity in stomach tissue. The greatest exo-chitinase activity was found in the distal intestine. The zygomycete-based diet resulted in higher chitinolytic activity in gut tissue compared to the fish meal-based diet. Disturbed intestinal integrity and increased uptake rate of the amino acid lysine were observed in the distal, but not proximal, intestine of fish fed the zygomycete-based feed.
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| 3. |
- Abro, Rani, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic insights in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed with zygomycetes and fish meal diets as assessed in liver using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Aquatic Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2008-4935 .- 2008-6970. ; 6, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish meal is the major source of animal protein in feed for cultured salmonid fish, but its availability is limited and it must eventually be replaced by alternative protein-rich feed ingredients. Zygomycetes (Rhizopus oryzae) is a fungus with protein-rich biomass that could replace fish meal protein in fish feed. Using a 1H NMR spectroscopy approach, we studied the metabolic pattern in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) fed a commercial diet with unknown composition (ST), a diet with all protein from fish meal (FM) and a diet with most of the protein from zygomycetes biomass (FZ). No significant difference (p≥0.05) was found in spectral data between FM and FZ using the OPLS-DA fitted model. However, other models showed that diet ST clearly differed significantly (p˂0.05) from diets FM and FZ. Signals for acetate, β-alanine, choline, creatine, formate, glucose, inosine, lysine, SN-glycero-3-phosphocholine and two unknown metabolites were higher in fish fed diets FM and FZ than in fish fed diet ST. These results show that the metabolic profile in liver of Arctic charr will remain unchanged if fish meal protein is replaced with zygomycete protein, suggesting similar physiological responses to both feed ingredients. In contrast, feeding a commercial diet altered the metabolic fingerprint compared with diets FZ and FM, suggesting important differences in ingredient composition and the physiological response to this diet.
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| 4. |
- Arapovic, Lidija, et al.
(författare)
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Age Rather Than Supplementation with Oat β-Glucan Influences Development of the Intestinal Microbiota and SCFA Concentrations in Suckling Piglets
- 2023
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Ingår i: Animals. - 2076-2615. ; 13:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of early supplementation with oat β-glucan during the suckling period on piglet gut microbiota composition, concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, and gut physiological markers were assessed. Fifty piglets from five litters, balanced for sex and birth weight, were divided within litters into two treatment groups: β-glucan and control. Piglets in the β-glucan group received the supplement three times/week from day 7 of age until weaning. Rectal swab samples were collected from 10 piglets per treatment group (balanced across litters) from week 1 to week 4, and plasma samples were collected at 1, 3, and 4 weeks of age. Additional samples of intestinal tissues and jugular and portal vein plasma were collected from 10 animals at weaning (one per treatment group and litter). The concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and the microbiota composition in rectal swabs were mainly influenced by piglet age, rather than the supplement. There were significant differences in microbiota composition between litters and several correlations between concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in plasma and specific microbial taxa in rectal swabs. Overall, β-glucan supplementation did not have any clear impact on the gut environment in suckling piglets, whereas a clear age-related pattern emerged.
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| 5. |
- Bakeeva, Albina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of solid-state fermentation with Arxula adeninivorans or Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph Trichoderma reesei) on hygienic quality and in-vitro digestibility of banana peels by mono-gastric animals
- 2017
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 199, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of solid-state fermentation with Arxula adeninivorans or Hypocrea jecorina to improve hygienic quality and digestibility of banana peels by mono-gastric animals. Green peels of cooking bananas (Musa AAA-group) were solid-state fermented in ziploc plastic bags for 14 d either non inoculated or inoculated with A. adeninivorans or H. jecorina. Colonies of aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, yeasts and moulds were enumerated. In-vitro digestibility (total tract and pre-caecal) of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) was also determined. Solid-state fermentation significantly improved (P < 0.05) in-vitro total tract digestibility (9.9% for DM and 10.1% for OM), and in-vitro pre-caecal digestibility (25.0% for DM, 30.9% for OM and 74.5% for CP); however, no significant effect (P > 0.05) due to inoculation was observed. Conversely, inoculation (with A. adeninivorans or H. jecorina) significantly improved (P < 0.05) the hygienic quality; with lower (P < 0.05) aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae and mould counts than the non-inoculated treatment. However, H. jecorina triggered a significantly superior (P < 0.05) improvement in both hygienic quality and in-vitro pre-caecal digestibility than A. adeninivorans.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Camp, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and nutrient evaluation of wet and dried wheat distillers' grain for growing pigs
- 2013
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Ingår i: Animal Feed Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-8401 .- 1873-2216. ; 186, s. 45-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study comprised one wet wheat distillers' grain with solubles (WDGS) from an ethanol company and one dried wheat distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS) from a biofuel ethanol company. The WDGS was microbially and biochemically characterized, and the digestibility of dietary components, energy, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus (P) in WDGS and DDGS was determined. The pH was 3.9 in the WDGS and the acetic and lactic acid level was 6.9 and 1.5 g/l, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria remained at Log 8 colony forming units (Cfu)/g WDGS throughout the study, whereas yeast increased from Log 5 to Log 6 Cfu/g WDGS. Lactobacillus amylolyticus was the dominant lactic acid bacteria species, followed by Lactobacillus pan is and Lactobacillus buchneri. The yeast flora was completely dominated by Candida ethanolica. The experimental diets contained on dry matter (DM) basis 50% WDGS + 50% basal diet (diet W) and 50% DDGS + 50% basal diet (diet D). The basal diet consisted of maize starch, sucrose, vitamins and minerals (except P). Seven castrated male pigs with post valve t-caecum cannulas were fed the experimental diets according to a change-over design during two periods. In a pre- and post-period, casein was given as only protein source with the basal diet to estimate endogenous losses of nitrogen and amino acids, and thereby the standardized ileal digestibility (SID). The coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of organic matter (OM) did not differ between diets, but the coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of OM was higher (P<0.05) for diet W. The CAID, CATTD and SID of crude protein was higher (P<0.05) in diet W. The SID for lysine and methionine was higher (P<0.01) in WDGS than in DOGS. The digestibility of P was higher (P<0.01) in diet D. The results indicate that a dried wheat distillers' grain product can have a lower ileal digestibility of lysine and methionine than a wet wheat distillers' grain product, although a higher digestibility of P. There seem to be little difference in energy value of the wet and dry products studied. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Camp, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Ileal and total tract digestibility of wet and dried wheat distillers grain products in growing pigs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Animal Science. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0021-8812 .- 1525-3163. ; 90, s. 131-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients were evaluated in 2 commercially available products: wheat (Triticum aestivum) wet distillers grain with solubles (WDGS) and wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (DDGS). Two diets included (DM basis) 50% basal diet with either 50% WDGS (W) or 50% DDGS (D). The basal diet included corn (Zea mays) starch, sugar, vitamins, and minerals. Seven castrated male pigs with post valve T-cecum cannulas were fed the diets according to a changeover design during two 14-d periods. In a pre- and postperiod, casein was given as the only protein source with the basal diet to estimate endogenous losses of N and AA for calculation of standardized ileal digestibility (SID). The AID of OM did not differ between diets, but ATTD of OM was higher (P < 0.05) for diet W. The AID (76.2 vs. 68.9%), SID, and ATTD of CP was higher (P < 0.05) in diet W than diet D. The SID for Lys (75.7 vs. 51.8%) and Met (75.8 vs. 70.1%) was higher (P < 0.01) in WDGS than DDGS. In conclusion, drying of wheat distillers grain products can markedly lower ileal digestibility of Lys and Met whereas negative effects on energy value are small.
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| 9. |
- Chittavong, Malavanh, et al.
(författare)
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A field study on feed supplementation, body weight and selected blood parameters in local pigs in Laos
- 2013
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Ingår i: Tropical Animal Health and Production. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0049-4747 .- 1573-7438. ; 45, s. 505-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate feed allowances, body weight (BW), haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma ionised calcium (iCa), sodium, potassium, pH and glucose concentration and faecal K/Na ratio in local growing pigs, sows and piglets kept by small-holder farmers in Laos. Starting hypotheses were that (1) local pigs are under fed, (2) BW is higher in pigs receiving supplementary feed and (3) the blood profile of pigs subjected to very poor nutrition is outside the normal range. On 54 pig-keeping smallholdings in Borikhamxay province, Lao PDR, daily feed allowances were weighed and BW recorded for 27 lactating sows, 54 piglets and 27 growing pigs. Blood samples were collected from the vena jugularis in all pigs. Feed supplementation did not affect BW, but plasma iCa concentration was outside the normal range for all pigs. There was a tendency for lower faecal K/Na ratio in Na-supplemented sows. The results confirm that local pigs in small-scale production systems in Laos suffer from poor nutrition. The most important challenge for farmers appears to be provision of more feed, particularly feed with a high Ca content.
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| 10. |
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