| 1. |
- Björklund, Johanna, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing ecosystem services in perennial intercropping systems : participatory action research in Swedish modern agrofores
- 2014
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Ingår i: Farming systems facing global challenges. - : IFSA Europe, Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. ; , s. 112-113, s. 1950-1959
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this paper is on how to assess ecosystem services in complex agroforestry systems using a case of edible forest gardens. Benefits of doing these assessments in a participatory learning and action research (PLAR) context are elaborated, as well as difficulties and questions that this has raised. The PLAR group comprised farmers on 13 smallholdings, researchers and a facilitator, which through collaboration and participatory methods have developed a general design of a forest garden, 60 m2 in size and established it on all 13 participating farms. Important values of the work are that ecosystem services are related to specific local contexts and that methodology for multi-criteria assessments of the generation of ecosystem services on a farm scale are being developed. Farmers engaged in formulating research questions, development of field trial designs, sampling and analysis of results improves the relevance and quality of the research as well as advance the adoption of new knowledge.
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| 2. |
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Effekter av undervattensljud från havsbaserade vindkraftverk på fisk från Bottniska viken
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Då efterfrågan på förnyelsebara energikällor är stor kommer det att ske en storskalig utbyggnad av svensk vindkraft. Vindkraftverken anläggs i stora grupper och bildar så kallade vindkraftsparker. Då vindkraftverk till havs har en större produktionskapacitet än liknande på land samt att de ger upphov till färre intressekonflikter kommer utbyggnad ske främst i de svenska kustvattnen (Wenblad & Westerberg, 2007; Öhman & Wilhelmsson, 2005). Det är främst utsjöbankar som är intressanta, då dessa områden faller innanför uppsatta kriterier för vindkraft till havs. Ett av kriterierna är att bottendjupet inte får överstiga 30 meter (Energimyndigheten, 2007). Utsjöbankar är känsliga områden då de inhyser en stor marin artrikedom. Havsbaserade vindkraftsparker kräver därför stor kunskap om miljöeffekter på värdefulla naturområden, potentiella konsekvenser för yrkesfisket samt hur ljudet från vindkraftverken påverkar det marina livet (Wahlberg & Westerberg, 2005; Wenblad & Westerberg, 2007; Öhman & Wilhelmsson, 2005). I denna studie undersökte vi om lågfrekvent undervattensljud (6, 15, 30, 60 och 180 Hz), liknande det som genereras av havsbaserade vindkraftverk, ger upphov till beteendeförändringar, förändrat födointag eller ökad nivå av stresshormonet kortisol i blodet hos tre för Bottenviken vanligt förekommande fiskarter; abborre (Perca fluviatilis), mört (Rutilus rutilus) och öring (Salmo trutta).
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| 3. |
- Kumblad, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy brief: Include nutrient load from horse farms in eutrophication work
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Horse farms can cause significant leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus and thus contribute to eutrophication.The nutrient load from equine activities should be better taken into account in national calculations and work on eutrophication, so that measures can be taken to reduce it.
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| 4. |
- Ahrland, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Ett nytt trädgårdshistoriskt översiktsverk
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bulletin för trädgårdshistorisk forskning. - 1652-2362 .- 2001-1261. ; 29, s. 30-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Bishop, Kevin, et al.
(författare)
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Nature as the "Natural" Goal for Water Management : A Conversation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; Volume 38:Issue 4
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goals for water-quality and ecosystem integrity are often defined relative to "natural" reference conditions in many water-management systems, including the European Union Water Framework Directive. This paper examines the difficulties created for water management by using "natural" as the goal. These difficulties are articulated from different perspectives in an informal (fictional) conversation that takes place after a workshop on reference conditions in water-resources management. The difficulties include defining the natural state and modeling how a system might be progressed toward the natural, as well as the feasibility and desirability of restoring a natural state. The paper also considers the appropriateness for developing countries to adopt the use of natural as the goal for water management. We conclude that failure to critically examine the complexities of having "natural" as the goal will compromise the ability to manage the issues that arise in real basins by not making the ambiguities associated with this "natural" goal explicit. This is unfortunate both for the western world that has embraced this model of "natural as the goal" and for the developing world in so far as they are encouraged to adopt this model.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Drury O'Neill, Elizabeth, 1988-
(författare)
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Small-Scale Fisheries Governance : Broadening Perspectives on Markets, Relationships and Benefits in Seafood Trade
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate adresses the relative ambiguity surounding benefit flows from small-scale fisheries seafood trade with a specific focus on how they may be impacted by market and social stuctures. Small-scale fishery governenace has previously taken a narrowly approach to sustainability. Focused on managing fishing activities, economic-led market interventions and overlooking the embededness of the fishers within a broader social structure. Also failing to address fisheries as interlinked social-ecological systems where feedbacks between the two can impact future sustainability. The larger PhD project takes a step towards combining these two out-of-focus areas by taking a systems perspective, through a Value Chain approach, to fisheries governance, associated market influences and the consequent benefit flows from marine ecosystem services. This licentiate begins by unpacking dynamics within the social realm that may impact benefit flows and ultimately resource extraction decisions, potentially contributing to feedbacks from the marine ecosystem. Research uses mixed-methods and is case-orientated with sites across two tropical marine small-scale fisheries in Zanzibar and the Philippines. Results present two market environments with distinct structures, conduct, reciprocity systems and notably, gender roles. However both systems experience economic transactions underlain by broader social relations and binds. These various features manifest themselves in different, yet often unexpected, ways through income equalities, distributions and reciprocal networks of fishers and trading actors. Once a broadened and diversified view of the SSF trading environment is appropriated, it is clear that benefit flows are impacted by various contextual features (e.g. gender, transaction forms and buyer types). Governance-related research or interventions should incorporate undervalued local attributes such as cultural characteristics, social relationships and market participation as they play a role in who benefits from seafood trade. Thus If governance is to be improved for sustainably increasing food and livelihood security it is necessary to unpack these benefit flow mechanisms and, in particular, the local social dynamics that mediate fishers’ everyday interplay with the marine ecosystem. Future steps include the aim to identify potential social-ecological feedbacks between the disentangled market environments and the local marine ecosystems as a result of interactions in SSF trade.
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| 8. |
- Kumblad, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Policy brief: Inkludera näringsläckaget från hästgårdar i övergödningsarbetet
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hästhållning kan leda till betydande läckage av kväve och fosfor och därmed orsaka övergödning. Dessa utsläpp bör inkluderas bättre i nationella beräkningar och arbetet mot övergödning, så att åtgärder kan sättas in för att minska näringsläckaget.
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| 9. |
- Livsey, John, 1983-
(författare)
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Sustainable agriculture : From global challenges to local land management
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the success of agriculture management practices in increasing the availability of food needed to meet the requirements of the expanding global population, there are increasing demands placed on the resources on which the sector depends. Opportunities for the development of agricultural systems are constrained by increasing competition, from other sectors, for shared resources. In tackling this constraint, agricultural management solutions are often narrowly focused on problems related to single resources. But this single focus may lead to unintended trade-offs. To make sound management decisions, there is a need to better understand trade-offs which may occur from resource use efficiency solutions implemented in the agricultural sector. With a particular focus on soil and water resources, the aim of this thesis was to investigate trade-offs that occur, when meeting demands placed on agriculture systems, if management solutions are narrowly focused. Broadly, we hypothesize that approaches to land management that take a more holistic view of agricultural systems being part of an ecosystem mosaic should be adopted to ensure sustainability. A global assessment of potential land requirements shows that national level production of sufficiently nutritious food may be constrained by land availability, such that allocation of land to nutritious crop production might come at the cost of lost land for other crops or uses. This constraint will be the most prevalent in African states. In further studies, we focused on the management of water resources, which are becoming particularly limiting for crops that have high water demands, such as rice. Through a meta-analysis of paired plot experiments, which assessed the effect of water saving irrigation in rice production, and soil sampling within An Giang, a major rice producing province of Vietnam, we examined the effect of water management practices on soil properties. The meta-analysis finds that significant reductions in soil organic carbon, and potentially organic matter bound nutrients, have been observed when water efficient practices replace continual flood irrigation. This suggests that, although yield reductions may not be seen in the short term, water saving irrigation may, over time, lead to reductions in soil fertility and yields. Within An Giang province, there are concerns regarding the loss of flood-borne, nutrient rich, sediments in fields where the annual flood waters have been completely regulated. However, we find that this complete regulation does not result in reduced soil nutrient properties when compared to areas where floods are only partially regulated. The effect of different land management practices on soil properties were further explored within the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania. Comparing farming practices along a gradient of intensity, we found contrasting effects of irrigation and fertilization, with irrigation increasing soil organic carbon and fertilization reducing soil organic carbon. Overall, the results of this thesis highlight the importance of looking beyond meeting short term needs, which can have negative long term consequences. The success of land management practices implemented now do not, necessarily, equate to their continued success in the future. As demands placed on agriculture are going to increase, the long term trade-offs which may occur from present practices must be at the forefront of agricultural management.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Computer classification of General Habitat Categories by combining LiDAR and SPOT data
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- General Habitat Categories (GHC) is a classification scheme developed in BioHab1, 2 and a central concept in EBONE3. A characteristic of GHC is plant height, which can be derived using Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data. Computer classification of GHCs might be improved by combining spectral information in optical satellite data with LiDAR. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate to which degree airborne LiDAR improves SPOT data based classification of a selection of GHCs in a forest area in southern Sweden. Lat. 58° 30’ N Long 13° 40’ E. Managed forest with Scots pine (Pinus Sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea Abies) and birch (Betula spp). A SPOT 5 HRG XS scene. Airborne LiDAR data with an average point density of 26 returns/m2. Photo interpretation of GHCs, 585 sample plots, in aerial DMC images. Combining LiDAR and SPOT data shows promise, considering the restrictions to this study. In a similar study, using the same dataset for classifying CORINE land cover types, overall accuracy increased from 67.1% to 77.6% when adding LiDAR data4. This means that there is potential, though the methods need improvement and further tests should include a larger test area providing adequate amounts of sample plots per GHC.
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