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- Broth, Mathias, 1965-
(författare)
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Agents secrets : Le public dans la construction interactive de la représentation théâtrale
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study focusses on the theatre audience, and on its’ role in the maintenance of the theatrical situation. Using video-recorded performances of relatively naturalistic, modern dramas, the study examines the behaviour of the audience in relation to the unfolding of stage events. Such behaviour is described through close inspection of the sounds the audience produces, consisting primarily of coughing, throat-clearing, and laughter. The study contributes to the growing body of research surrounding ethnomethodological conversation analysis (CA). CA methods are used to analyse not only an audience’s overt reactions to stage events, but also the actions occurring outside these relatively short-lived phenomena in the context of a theatre performance. It is demonstrated that members of the audience refrain from making « vocal noise » during the verbal interaction of actors, and some of the resources used to achieve this end are described. These include the interpretation of the emerging dialogue, of the relative positioning of actors and of the actors’ use of gesture. Members of the audience are observed making vocal noise around possible completions in the sequence of ongoing stage actions, a placing which seems to make it maximally unobtrusive. Furthermore, the audience’s laughter is described. It is argued that members of the audience negociate collective moments of laughter with each other and with the actors. In doing so, the audience displays a sensitive awareness of the other members of the audience and the performers on stage. It is finally suggested that vocal noise on one hand and laughter on the other are differently placed in relation to an emerging action. This relative placing seems to indicate their producers’ different orientations to these actions, according to which vocal noise is to be hidden and laughter to be taken as an overt reaction.
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| 3. |
- Förhammar, Staffan, 1944-
(författare)
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Med känsla eller förnuft? : svensk debatt om filantropi 1870-1914
- 2000
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Modern socialpolitik beskrevs länge enbart som en frukt av det starka samhällets framväxt. Filantropi likställdes med tillfälliga allmosor. I boken Med känsla eller förnuft? Svensk debatt om filantropi 1870-1914 visar Staffan Förhammar att socialpolitik av i dag också har rötter i en frivillig social hjälpverksamhet - den vetenskapliga filantropin. I stället för den traditionella välgörenhetens kravlösa gåvor ville den vetenskapliga filantropin ge hjälp till självhjälp och fostra hjälpbehövande till ansvarstagande samhällsmedborgare
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| 5. |
- Jülich, Solveig, 1966-
(författare)
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Skuggor av sanning : Tidig svensk radiologi och visuell kultur
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study deals with the introduction and reception of x-ray images in Sweden around 1900. The general aim is to investigate two cultural contexts of the early x-ray image. It is shown that during the initial years x-ray images were wedded with photographs and film in an expanding mass visual culture. From the outset, x-ray images were also part of a more narrow medical context raising expectations of their usefulness as a diagnostic aid. The study suggests that the tension between these two areas of use - subjective seeing tied to the world of attractions and objective scientific representation - was maintained even after radiology became etablished as a new medical practice.Regarding its theoretical point of departure, this dissertation draws inspiration from the interdisciplinary field of science studies. In particular, the study of the rhetorical role of visual images in science has proven to be a fruitful approach. Here it is used to show that x-ray images were used rhetorically by physicians to persuade their colleagues of the credibility of scientific results. Also, it demonstrates that the relationship between medical science and popular science was more dynamic than has often been asserted. As a complement to science studies this analysis also draws theoretical support from another interdisciplinary field of research; that of visual culture or alternatively visual studies. Researchers in this field study the meaning that seeing and the visual aspects of a broad spectra of phenomena have in our culture. With this outlook amore complex image of the constitution of the new radiological discipline is created where producers and consumers have a more entangled role.
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| 6. |
- Knutsson, Johan, 1955-
(författare)
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Folkliga möbler : tradition och egenart : en stilanalytisk studie av renässans- och barockdrag i den svenska folkliga möbelkonsten
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A collection of furniture, most of which was produced before 1770, forms the basis of this description and explanation of the characteristics distinguishing vernacular furniture from bourgeois furniture, and the vernacular furniture in one area from that in another. The vernacular material is used to test the convincing force of the art history terms created to describe the artistic expression of the upper-class culture. The criteria previously used to define the specific characteristics of vernacular furniture is called into question and modulated.The study shows how regional characteristics can be observed as early as in the seventeenth century in many areas, long before what is considered the most prosperous period of vernacular art. It shows how Renaissance features played a crucial part in influencing the inherited characteristics of vernacular furniture right up until the emergence of rococo features in vernacular painting, towards the end of the eighteenth century, and sometimes even longer.The study focuses on the selection of stylistic features as an active choice. The survival of Renaissance features at the expense of baroque features cannot only be attributed to retardataire or 'cultural fixation' as a consequence of economic stagnation and lack of outside influence. The choice of certain stylistic features over others depends on a number of reasons. The pews, pulpits and other features in the parish churches that served as models played a crucial part. Out of all of that, the village joiner would chose the models he considered best suited for domestic furniture, and disregarded the others.
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| 9. |
- Rindstedt, Camilla, 1960-
(författare)
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Quichua children and language shift in an Andean community : School, play and sibling caretaking
- 2001
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Ecuador, there is an ongoing ethnic revitalization among indigenous peoples. Yet, in San Antonio, a 'zona roja' in the Andes, the comuneros do not speak Quichua to their children, even though the Quichua language is seen as an extremely important aspect of Indian identity. During more than a year of fieldwork, four toddlers, around two years of age, were followed in their everyday interactions with their siblings and parents. It was found that their older siblings - not primarily the mothers - were in charge of the toddlers during the best part of the day. The older siblings initiated complex sociodrarnatic practices, combining rhetorical teasing, threats and distracting routines, as ways of playing, on the one hand, and as ways of comforting or diverting younger siblings, on the other. Thereby, they challenged Western developmental psychological notions of a strict division between play and work (sibling caretaking). Also, very small children were able to take the perspective of their younger siblings, adapting their rhetorical strategies or acting as "interpreters".Daily life in the community was highly gendered. Yet, the children's play transcended gender boundaries. For instance, young boys would play that they were breastfeeding a baby sister, even though care-taking of babies was strictly a female domain among the adults.The communal school was initially referred to as bilingual by the comuneros, but it was, in fact, a monolingual school in that all instruction took place in Spanish. There was a mismatch between the Hispanic school and the Quichua homes, but both parents and teachers adhered to what Brian Street (1993) has called the 'autonomous model' of literacy, expecting great automatic effects of literacy, without taking into account the importance of reading materials and daily practice. It is here argued that such an autonomous model has, in turn, led to mutual distrust between school and home because of the children's limited academic success. Hispanic-only schooling is probably also one of the reasons why the children play almost exclusively in Spanish, even though they hear Quichua spoken on a daily basis among the adults.Lastly, everyday speaking practices are analyzed across three generations: the children- their parents - and grandparents, in an effort to understand what is here called the 'ethnic revitalization paradox', that is, the paradoxical mismatch between ideology and daily practices. A language shift from Quichua-Spanish bilingualism to Spanish monolingualism is apparently under way in the community. Sibling care-taking is possibly one of the most important factors, explaining thisimmanent language shift. Yet, the comuneros do not see the Quichua language as endangered; they see it as an integral part of being Indian.
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| 10. |
- Sebrant, Ulla, 1947-
(författare)
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Organiserande och identitet : om arbetsorganisation i geriatrisk sjukvård
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study is mainly about informal organising. The aim is to describe and interpret processes of organising in a health care unit and, from that example, to accomplish understanding of how power relations are handled and expressed by different actors in health care. I also intend to gain a deeper insight in how people produce subjectivity and social identity in a health care context and what prerequisites that context is offering for different actors to accomplish their projects.The site of the empirical study is a rehabilitation ward in a geriatric clinic. The work organisation, work routines and the management of the clinic is investigated through observations, interviews and organisational documents. The findings are presented as narratives of the organisation, where organising is interpreted as actor's interrelating projects. Four themes are in focus, A workplace in change, where the ward and clinic are introduced; Organising in the daily work, which includes team working and computerisation; Routines and rituals, which is about routinising, reporting and rounds; Organisation and management, where corporate features, organisation plans, meetings and decision-making are brought to the fore.In a reflective discussion, Organising as discursive and social practice, the organising processes are understood in terms of discourse, subjectivity and construction of social identity. Here I refer to foucauldian thinking about organisations. Actor's projects in the empirical example show a complexity of discourses, which are producing different kinds of subjectivity and constructions of social identity. The professional bureaucracy creates subjectivity from an institutionalised social order, the medical hierarchy, where the medical profession is in power. Furthermore there are other contemporary discourses such as the logic of the corporate organisation, which produces subjugation to economical outcomes. Demands for independence and autonomy are in different ways created in discourses of the developing professions of nurses and paramedics, their increasing documentation obligations, and the computerisation. An ambiguous picture emerges, where discursive and social practices are in some cases congruent but not in other. Social identity is still produced to a great deal from the medical hierarchy, which has become the social order. The above mentioned other discourses introduce competing discursive practices, which create possibilities to constructions of social identity with an increased autonomy for all professional groups.
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