| 1. |
- Almqvist, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in gender equality? : Swedish fathers’ parental leave,division of childcare and housework
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Family Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1322-9400 .- 1839-3543. ; 20:1, s. 19-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sweden is well known for its family policy and this study explores whether fathers’ parental leave is related to later division of childcare and housework. Two materials were used; a panel survey (2003, 2009) and an interview study (2008). Respondents in the survey had their first child between the waves and the interview-study focused on parents of 2–3 year olds. The survey is analyzed by logistic regression and the interviews by grounded theory. The results indicate that when fathers took long leave parents shared both household tasks and childcare more equally after the leave. Higher expectations of sharing childcare is related to a higher share of divided childcare once becoming parents, although it seems that some tasks are more often shared than others. When the father took long leave both parents mention that the child relates to the father as much as the mother in everyday life.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Recognition of Prior Learning as a Practice for Differential Inclusion and Exclusion of Immigrants in Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Adult Education Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 0741-7136 .- 1552-3047. ; 59:1, s. 42-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze how recognition of prior learning acts as a dividing practice and a technique for inclusion/exclusion of immigrants in their vocations in Swedish working life. It is a qualitative study of three pilot programs in Swedish urban centers, and the data consist of interviews, and documents pertaining to these programs. The theoretical starting point of the analysis is three Foucauldian concepts: order of discourse, dividing practice, and technology of power. The results show how recognition of prior learning acts as a dividing practice; in the process of recognition, the targeting of certain vocations for assessment, the de-grading of competence in the process, and the differing opportunities vis-à-vis further training and the labor market, are part of the process of inclusion/exclusion in/from the “orders” of the labor market. Technologies of power – surveillance, observation, and examination – are part of this process.
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| 3. |
- Andrews, Paul, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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PISA, TIMSS and Finnish mathematics teaching : an enigma in search of an explanation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Educational Studies in Mathematics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0013-1954 .- 1573-0816. ; 87:1, s. 7-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finnish students’ success on all three content domains of each of the four cycles ofthe OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has created muchinternational interest. It has also prompted Finnish academics to offer systemic explanationstypically linked to the structural qualities of Finnish schooling and teacher education. Lesswell-known has been the modest mathematics performance of Finnish grade 8 students on thetwo Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in which Finland hasparticipated, which, when compared with its PISA successes, has created something of anenigma. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on this enigma through analyses of Finnishmathematics classroom practice that draw on two extant data sets—interviews with Finnishteacher educators and video-recordings of sequences of lessons taught on standard topics. Dueto the international interest in Finnish PISA success, the analyses focus primarily on theresonance between classroom practice and the mathematical literacy component of the PISAassessment framework. The analyses indicate that Finnish mathematics didactics are morelikely to explain the modest TIMSS achievements than PISA successes and allude to severalfactors thought to be unique to the Finns, which, unrelated to mathematics teaching practices,may be contributory to the repeated Finnish PISA successes. Some implications for policyborrowingare discussed.
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| 4. |
- Andrighetto, Giulia, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in social norms during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic across 43 countries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of COVID-19 dramatically changed social behavior across societies and contexts. Here we study whether social norms also changed. Specifically, we study this question for cultural tightness (the degree to which societies generally have strong norms), specific social norms (e.g. stealing, hand washing), and norms about enforcement, using survey data from 30,431 respondents in 43 countries recorded before and in the early stages following the emergence of COVID-19. Using variation in disease intensity, we shed light on the mechanisms predicting changes in social norm measures. We find evidence that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased while tightness and punishing frequency slightly decreased but observe no evidence for a robust change in most other norms. Thus, at least in the short term, our findings suggest that cultures are largely stable to pandemic threats except in those norms, hand washing in this case, that are perceived to be directly relevant to dealing with the collective threat. Tightness-looseness theory predicts that social norms strengthen following threat. Here the authors test this and find that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased, but no evidence was observed for a robust change in most other norms.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsvillkor, återhämtning och hälsa - en studie av förskola. hemtjänst och socialtjänst
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Studiens övergripande syfte var att undersöka arbetsförhållanden som är förknippade med ackumulering av stress och bristande återhämtning och att studera hur återhämtning är relaterat till hälsoaspekter. Studiegruppen var anställda inom förskola, hemtjänst och socialtjänst och kom från två relativt stora kommuner (n =193). Återhämtning eller brist på återhämtning antogs vara en betydelsefull förmedlande länk mellan arbetsvillkor och hälsa/ohälsa och sjukfrånvaro. Datainsamling skedde genom en enkät och den totala svarsfrekvensen var 79 %. En klusteranalys gav tre kluster "Återhämtade“ och “Ej återhämtade“ är yttergrupper, som omfattar 36 respektive 25 procent av totalgruppen medan mellangruppen utgjorde 39 procent. Gruppen ej återhämtade får ses som en riskgrupp för ohälsa. Gruppen uppvisar hela kedjan av riskfaktorer – problematiska arbetsvillkor på vilka de svarar med ökad ansträngning och kompenserande strategier. Trots betydligt högre ohälsorapportering har de inte högre sjukfrånvaro, vilket sannolikt hör samman med att de ersätter sjukfrånvaro med sjuknärvaro. I socialtjänsten är det hela 43 procent som tillhör den ej återhämtade gruppen. Regressionsanalyser med kontroll för bakgrundsvariabler visar att den icke återhämtade gruppen hade en signifikant högre relativ risk för sämre självskattad hälsa än personer i den återhämtade gruppen. Ännu kraftigare riskökningar fanns för de fem symtom som därutöver analyserades. Avslutningsvis diskuteras praktiska slutsatser och nya forskningsfrågor.
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| 7. |
- Aronsson, Gunnar, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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Work conditions, Recovery and Health : A study among workers within Pre-School, Home Care and Social Work
- 2014
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Ingår i: British Journal of Social Work. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0045-3102 .- 1468-263X. ; 44:6, s. 1654-1672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the working conditions associated with the accumulation of stress and lack of recovery and how recovery is related to health. The study group was employed in pre-school, home care and social work (n = 193). Recovery was assumed to be an explanatory variable for the relations between work and health. The response rate on a survey was 79 per cent. Cluster analysis identified three groups: the ‘Recovered’ (36 per cent of the total group) and ‘Not Recovered’ (25 per cent) and the ‘In-between’ (39 per cent). The Not Recovered displayed the whole chain of risk factors, involving difficult working conditions to which they responded with increased compensatory strategies. Despite this group having significantly greater reports of ill health, work absenteeism was not greater, which is likely related to their substituting sickness absence with sickness presence. As many as 43 per cent of the social workers were found to belong to the Not Recovered group. Multiple regression analyses controlling for background variables revealed that the Not Recovered group had a significantly higher relative risk for poor self-rated health than those in the Recovered group. Even sharper increases in relative risk existed for the other five symptoms that were analysed. Practical implications and new research questions are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Aronsson, Vanda, et al.
(författare)
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Can a poor psychosocial work environment and insufficient organizational resources explain the higher risk of ill-health and sickness absence in human service occupations? Evidence from a Swedish national cohort
- 2019
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 47:3, s. 310-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate differences in burnout, self-rated health (SRH) and sickness absence between human service occupations (HSOs) and other occupations, and whether they can be attributed to differences in psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. Methods: Data were derived from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, an approximately representative sample of the Swedish working population (n = 4408). Employment in HSOs, psychosocial work environment and organizational resources in 2012 predicted relative risks of sickness absence, burnout and suboptimal SRH in 2014 using modified Poisson regressions. The psychosocial work factors' and organizational resource variables' relative importance were estimated by adding them to the models one by one, and with population attributable fractions (PAFs). Results: Employment in HSOs was associated with a higher risk of sickness absence and the risk was explained by psychosocial and organizational factors, particularly high emotional demands, low work-time control and exposure to workplace violence. Employment in HSOs was not associated with burnout after sociodemographic factors were adjusted for, and furthermore not with SRH. A lower risk of suboptimal SRH was found in HSOs than in other occupations with equivalent psychosocial work environment and organizational resources. PAFs indicated that psychosocial work environment and organizational resource improvements could lead to morbidity reductions for all outcomes; emotional demands were more important in HSOs. Conclusions: HSOs had higher risks of sickness absence and burnout than other occupations. The most important work factors to address were high emotional demands, low work-time control, and exposure to workplace violence.
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| 9. |
- Arvidsson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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IDENTIFICATION OF POSSIBLE LEARNING PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Routledge Handbook of Inclusive Education for Teacher Educators: Issues, Considerations, and Strategies. - London : Taylor and Francis Inc.. ; , s. 256-265, s. 256-265
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- All children have the right to become equal citizens of the society. Children with intellectual disabilities have difficulties in learning and may need support to reach that equality, and some extra resources may be needed. Compared to children with typical development, children with intellectual disabilities have problems in three cognitive areas that are essential for learning activities: Abstract thinking. Understanding/using abstract symbols (text, numbers, money, and time) and imagining non-experienced things and situations. Several-steps thinking. Understanding multiple-level instructions and connections between cause and effect. Simultaneous handling of information. Nuanced considerations/comparisons, risk considerations and problem solving that manifest in complex social situations. Endorsing an interactive bio-psycho-social understanding of intellectual disabilities implies that learning limitations are the discrepancy between abilities and the level and/or quality of support, and according to this an inclusive approach to learning should be based on knowledge about abilities rather than dis-abilities. Two inclusive classroom strategies for learning are presented and discussed in this chapter. These strategies seek ways of providing universal, inclusive learning situations where children with intellectual disability can interact with any children and the most important role for a teacher is to find ways to support the children in that interaction.
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| 10. |
- Astvik, Wanja, et al.
(författare)
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A comparative study of how social workers' voice and silence strategies relate to organisational resources, attitudes and well-being at work
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Social Work. - : SAGE Publications. - 1468-0173 .- 1741-296X. ; 21:2, s. 206-224
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study sets out to investigate the potential differences between social workers using voice- or silence strategies in their experience of organisational resources, attitudes and health, and whether social workers moving between strategies (voice or silence) over time have a different experience of the same outcomes than those who stay with the same strategy group. The participating social workers (n = 1356) responded to two web-based questionnaires over a one-year period. Findings The results show that voice strategies are related to the experience of more positive organisational resources, more positive attitudes (greater job satisfaction and organisational commitment, but lower intention to exit) and more positive health (greater recovery, but less emotional exhaustion and stress symptoms) than those using silence strategies. The results also show that moving from silence to voice is related to the experience of increased organisational resources, more positive attitudes and more positive health at T2, while those moving from voice to silence reported the opposite. Applications The longitudinal approach applied in this study adds empirical evidence of the relationship between voice/silence and work-related attitudes, as well as health and well-being. The close relationship between organisational resources, employee voice behaviour and related individual outcomes regarding attitudes and health imply that Human Resources (HR) management has a lot to gain by developing and securing a voice-friendly and considerate climate in their organisations.
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